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Stratified Sample

Stratified random sampling is a probability method where the population is divided into homogeneous subgroups (strata) based on characteristics. Samples are then randomly selected from each strata. This improves efficiency by ensuring representation from each subgroup while reducing costs compared to simple random sampling. The document provides steps for stratified random sampling, including defining strata, assigning samples proportionally to strata size, and calculating sample sizes for each strata. An example of stratified sampling for a student survey divided by grade is also given.

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Mohanie Datuali

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

457 views4 pages

Stratified Sample

Uploaded by

Mohanie Datuali

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction to Stratified Sampling
Steps for Stratified Sampling
Stratified Sampling Examples

Stratified sampling is a widely used statistical technique in which a

population is divided into different subgroups, or strata, based on some

shared characteristics. The purpose of stratification is to ensure that each
stratum in the sample and to make inferences about specific population
subgroups.

What is Stratified Random Sampling?

Stratified random sampling is a type of probability method using which a
research organization can branch off the entire population into multiple
non-overlapping, homogeneous groups (strata) and randomly choose final
members from the various strata for research which reduces cost and
improves efficiency. Members in each of these groups should be distinct so
that every member of all groups gets an equal opportunity to be selected
using simple probability. This sampling method is also called “random
quota sampling.”
1. Define the target audience.
2. Recognize the stratification variable or variables and figure out the
number of strata to be used. These stratification variables should be
in line with the objective of the research. Every additional information
decides the stratification variables. For instance, if the objective of
the research is to understand all the subgroups, the variables will be
related to the subgroups.
3. Use an already-existent sampling frame or create a frame that’s
inclusive of all the information of the stratification variable for all the
elements in the target audience.
4. Make changes after evaluating the sampling frame on the basis of
lack of coverage, over-coverage, or grouping.
5. Considering the entire population, each stratum should be unique
and should cover each and every member of the population. Within
the stratum, the differences should be minimum, whereas each
stratum should be extremely different from one another. Each
element of the population should belong to just one stratum.
6. Assign a random, unique number to each element.
7. Figure out the size of each stratum according to your requirement.
The numerical distribution amongst all the elements in all the strata
will determine the type of sampling to be implemented. It can either
be proportional or disproportional stratified sampling.
8. The researcher can select random elements from each stratum to
form the sample. A minimum of one piece must be chosen from each
stratum so that there’s representation from every stratum, but if two
elements from each stratum are selected, quickly calculate the error
margins of the calculation of collected data.

Stratified Sampling Examples

Researchers and statisticians use stratified random sampling to analyze
relationships between two or more strata. As stratified random sampling
involves multiple layers or strata, it’s crucial to calculate the strata before
calculating the sample value.

Following is a classic stratified random sampling example:

Let’s say 100 (Nh) students of a school having 1000 (N) students were
asked questions about their favorite subject. It’s a fact that the students of
the 8th grade will have different subject preferences than the students of
the 9th grade. For the survey to deliver precise results, the ideal manner is
to divide each step into various strata.

Here’s a table of the number of students in each grade:

Grade Number of students (n)

5 150

6 250

7 300

8 200
9 100

Calculate the sample of each grade using the formula: