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Core Java Final Training Report NEW
Java lab (Chandigarh University)
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
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INSTITUTE SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON
CORE JAVA
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
(Computer Science & Engineering)
15th JUNE – 26th JULY, 2022
SUBMITTED BY:
NAME: RAJVEER SINGH
UNIVERSITY UID : 20BCS7554
SECTION WITH GROUP: 20BCS_WM-604 B
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY GHARUAN, MOHALI
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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project training report “CORE JAVA” is the bonafide work of
“RAJVEER SINGH(20BCS7554)” who carried out the project work under my/our
supervision.
Signature Signature
(Supervisor) (Head of the Department)
SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Assistant Professor CSE
CSE
Submitted for the project viva-voce examination held on
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
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CERTIFICATE
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ABSTRACT
Mobile applications can be one of the best ways to keep consumers engaged
with a brand as they are on the move. With the increase in demand for smart
phones and efficiency of wireless networks, the demand for mobile
applications has increased incredibly. Android is one of the most popular open
source platforms that offer the developer full access to the framework of API`s,
so as to build innovative applications.
My project "Food Runner" is an android application which helps the user to
order the desired food from the restaurants. It is a simple and effective method
because of its user friendly interface. The main aim of this project is to build an
Android application that displays a list of different restaurants to order food
according to the taste of the user. The users can register and login to the app by
providing their details. Only registered people can have access to the feature
of the app. The users can view the restaurants and order from the available list
of dishes through the application. The users can view their profile as well as
their order history. They can also mark a restaurant as favourite.
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CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION
I “RAJVEER SINGH” hereby declare that I have undertaken Institute/ Industrial
Summer Training in “INTERNSHALA CORE JAVA" and developed project titled
CONNECT FOUR GAME during a period from 15/06/2022 to 30/07/2022 in
partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of degree of B.E(COMPUTER
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING) at CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY GHARUAN,
MOHALI. The work which is being presented in the Institute/ Industrial Summer
training report submitted to Department of Computer Science & Engineering at
CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY GHARUAN, MOHALI is an authentic record of
training work.
RAJVEER SINGH
Signature of the Student
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ABOUT INTERNSHALA
Internshala is an online recruitment and training platform. On recruitment portal of
Internshala, the internship seekers and job-seeking freshers from all over India,
across different education streams, can search and apply to various internships and
fresher jobs of their choice and organizations. Additionally, startups, corporates,
SMEs, NGOs, education institutes, and big brands, can post their intern and entry-
level job requirements to hire university students and fresh graduates all over India.
On Internshala Trainings, the e-learning arm of Internshala, the online learners
including students and professionals can avail online trainings in the latest in-
demand industry skills to build their career, upskill themselves, and become industry-
ready.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am grateful to INTERNSHALA for giving me opportunity to carry out the project
work in the area of console based portal designing during my training. I would like to
also thank my institute, CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY for giving permission and
necessary administrative support to take up the training on Internshala.
Deepest thanks to Internshala coordinators for their videos , assignment , guidance,
monitoring, constant encouragement and correcting various assignments of ours
with attention and care.
The seminar on “Core Java” was very helpful to us in giving the necessary
background information and inspiration in choosing this topic for the seminar. Their
contributions and technical support in preparing this report are greatly
acknowledged.
Last but not the least, we wish to thank our parents for financing our studies in this
college as well as for constantly encouraging us to learn engineering. Their personal
sacrifice in providing this opportunity to learn engineering is gratefully
acknowledged.
RAJVEER SINGH
CONTENT
1. Acknowledgement .......................................................................................................... i
2. Introduction. ................................................................................................................... 1
3. Organisation. .................................................................................................................. 2
4. Basics Of Java ................................................................................................................ 2
5. Overview Of Java .................................................................................................. 2
Features Of Java .................................................................................................... 3
Java ClassPath Setting. .......................................................................................... 4 Steps
For Compiling And Executing Programs ........................................................ 4
Difference Between JDK,JRE And JVM ................................................................. 5
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Object And Class ....................................................................................................... 5
Data Types ................................................................................................................ 6
Variables .................................................................................................................. 7
Operators And Its Types ............................................................................................ 7
6. Programming Concepts .................................................................................................... 7
7. Structure Of Java Program ........................................................................................ 7
Main Method ............................................................................................................. 8
Decision Making Statement. ..................................................................................... 8
Looping Statement .................................................................................................... 8
Wrapper Classes ........................................................................................................ 9
Access Modifiers ........................................................................................................ 9
8. Java Useful Keywords ......................................................................................................
Final............................................................................................................................ 9
Static ........................................................................................................................... 9
This ............................................................................................................................. 10
Super
.......................................................................................................................... 10
Synchronized .............................................................................................................. 10
7. Java Classes, Blocks And Constructors ............................................................................. 11
Abstract Classes .......................................................................................................... 11
Constructors ................................................................................................................ 11
Constructors And Its Types ......................................................................................... 11
Static Block In Java. ..................................................................................................... 11
Relationship In Java. ................................................................................................... 11
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8. Java Object Oriented ....................................................................................................... 12
8.1 . Inheritance. .............................................................................................................. 12
Method Overloading
................................................................................................ 13
Method Overriding
................................................................................................... 13
Interface. ...................................................................................................................
Abstraction .............................................................................................................. 14
Encapsulation
........................................................................................................... 15 14
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INTRODUCTION
Java is one of the programming language or technology used for developing web
applications.
Java language developed at SUN Micro Systems in the year 1995 under the guidance
of James
Gosling and there team. Originally SUN Micro Systems is one of the Academic
university
(Standford University Network) Whatever the software developed in the year 1990,
SUN Micro Systems has released on the name of oak, which is original name of java
(scientifically oak is one of the tree name). The OAK has taken 18 months to
develop.The oak is unable to fulfill all requirements of the industry. So James Gosling
again reviews this oak and released with the name of java in the year 1995.
Scientifically java is one of the coffee seed name.
Java divided into three categories, they are
• J2SE (Java 2 Standard Edition)
• J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition)
• J2ME (Java 2 Micro or Mobile Edition)
J2SE is used for developing client side applications.
J2EE is used for developing server side applications.
HP the largest IT company in the world, through its partner offers high quality Courses for 4 &
6 weeks. Few Courses in Summer Training Program are Programming Techniques using 'C',
PHP,
VLSI, VHDL & PCB Design, Data Structure using C Language, Core Java, J2EE - Hibernate
with
Spring Framework, J2EE - Struts with Hibernate Framework, Android, ASP.NET With C#,
Embedded & Robotics-Basics & Advanced, ARM, Linux Administration with Scripting,
Networking concepts with security.
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BASICS OF JAVA
Overview Of Java
Java is a platform independent, more powerful, secure, high performance, multithreaded
programming language. Here we discuss some points related to java.
Define JRE
The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is part of the Java Development Kit (JDK). It
contains set of libraries and tools for developing java application. The Java Runtime
Environment provides the minimum requirements for executing a Java application.
Define JVM
JVM is set of programs developed by sun Micro System and supplied as a part of jdk
for reading line by line of byte code and it converts into native understanding form of
operating system.
Java language is one of the compiled and interpreted programming language.
Garbage Collector
Garbage Collector is the system Java program which runs in the background along
with regular Java program to collect un-Referenced (unused) memory space for
improving the performance of our applications.
Define an API
An API (Application Programming Interface) is a collection of packages, a package is
the collection of classes, interfaces and sub-packages. A sub-package is a collection of
classes interfaces and sub sub packages etc.
Java programming is containing user friendly syntax so that we can develop effective
application s. in other words if any language is providing user friendly syntax, we
can develop error free applications.
Definition of JIT
JIT is the set of programs developed by SUN Micro System and added as a part of
JVM, to speed up the interpretation phase
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Features Of JAVA
Features of a language are nothing but the set of services or facilities provided by the
language vendors to the industry programmers. Some important features are;
Java Classpath Setting
Path Variable
Path variable is set for providing path for all java tools like java, javac, javap, javah,
jar, appletviewer which are use in java programming. These all tools are available in
bin folders so we set path upto bin folders.
Classpath Variable
Classpath variable is set for providing path for predefined java classes which is used
in our application. All classes are available in lib/rt.jar so we set classpath upto
lib/rt.jar.
Steps For CompilingAnd Executing Programs
The following sequence of steps represented in the diagram use compiling the java
program and executing the java programs.
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Difference Between JDK,JRE AND JVM
Jvm, Jre, Jdk these all the backbone of java language. Each components have separate
works. Jdk and Jre physically exists but Jvm are abstract machine it means it not
physically exists. JVM : JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is a software. It is a specification
that provides runtime environment in which java bytecode can be executed. It not
physically exists.JVMs are not same for all hardware and software, for example for
window os JVM is different and for Linux VJM is different. JVM, JRE and JDK are
platform dependent because configuration of each OS differs.
But, Java is platform independent.
JRE : The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is part of the Java Development Kit
(JDK). It contains set of libraries and tools for developing java application. The Java
Runtime Environment provides the minimum requirements for executing a Java
application. It physically exists. It contains set of libraries + other files that JVM uses
at runtime.
JDK : The Java Development Kit (JDK) is primary components. It physically exists. It
is collection of programming tools and JRE, JVM.
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Object And Class
Object is the physical as well as logical entity where as class is the only logical entity.
Class: Class is a blue print which is containing only list of variables and method and no
memory is allocated for them. A class is a group of objects that has common
properties.
A class in java contains:
• Data Member
• Method
• Constructor
• Block
• Class and Interface
Object: Object is a instance of class, object has state and behaviors.An Object in java
has three characteristics:
• State
• Behavior
• Identity
State: Represents data (value) of an object.
Behavior: Represents the behavior (functionality) of an object such as deposit,
withdraw etc. Identity: Object identity is typically implemented via a unique ID. The
value of the ID is not visible to the external user. But,it is used internally by the JVM
to identify each object uniquely.
Class is also can be used to achieve user defined data types.
Data Types
Operators And Its Types
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Operator is a special symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical
Operation. Java supports following lists of operators.
• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Ternary or Conditional Operators
PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS Structure Of Java Program
Structure of a java program is the standard format released by Language developer to the
Industry programmer. Sun Micro System has prescribed the following structure for the java
programmers for developing java application.
• A package is a collection of classes, interfaces and sub-packages. A sub
package contains collection of classes, interfaces and sub-sub packages etc.
java.lang.*; package is imported by default and this package is known as
default package.
• Class is keyword used for developing user defined data type and every java
program must start with a concept of class.
Main( ) Method
main() method is starting execution block of a java program or any java program start
their execution from main method. If any class contain main() method known as main
class.
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Decision Making Statement
Decision making statement statements is also called selection statement. That is
depending on the condition block need to be executed or not which is decided by
condition. If the condition is "true" statement block will be executed, if condition is
"false" then statement block will not be executed.
In java there are three types of decision making statement.
• if
• if-else
• switch
Looping
Statement
for loop,
While loop
do-while
Wrapper Classes
For each and every fundamental data type there exist a pre-defined class, Such
predefined class is known as wrapper class. The purpose of wrapper class is to
convert numeric string data into numerical or fundamental data.
Access modifiers:
Access modifiers are those which are applied before data members or methods of a class.
These are used to where to access and where not to access the data members or methods.
In java programming we have four access modifiers they are
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JAVA USEFUL KEYWORDS
Final keyword
In java language final keyword can be used in following way.
• Final at variable level
• Final at method level
• Final at class level Static keyword
The static keyword is used in java mainly for memory management. Static keyword
are used with variables, methods, blocks and nested class. Static is a keyword that are
used for share the same variable or method of a given class. This is used for a constant
variable or a method that is the same for every instance of a class. The main method
of a class is generally labeled static.
In java language static keyword can be used for following
1. variable (also known as class variable)
2. method (also known as class method)
3. block
4. nested class
This keyword this is a reference variable that refers to the current object. It is a
keyword in java language
represents current class object "this" keyword can be use in two ways.
• this . (this dot)
• this() (this off)
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Super keyword
Super keyword in java is a reference variable that is used to refer parent class object.
Super is an implicit keyword create by JVM and supply each and every java program
for performing
important role in three places.
• At variable level
• At method level
• At constructor level
Synchronized Keyword
Synchronized Keyword is used for when we want to allow only one thread at a
time then use Synchronized modifier. If a method or block declared as a
Synchronized then at a time only one thread is allowed to operate on the given
object.
JAVA CLASSES, BLOCKS AND CONSTRUCTORS
Abstract Classes
We know that every java program must start with a concept of class that is without
classes concept there is no java program perfect.In java programming we have two
types of classes they are
1. Concrete class
2. Abstract class
Constructor And Its Types
A constructor is a special member method which will be called implicitly
(automatically) by the JVM whenever an object is created for placing user or
programmer defined values in place of default values. In a single word constructor is
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a special member method which will be called automatically whenever object is
created.
The purpose of constructor is to initialize an object called object initialization.
Constructors are mainly create for initializing the object. Initialization is a process of
assigning user defined values at the time of allocation of memory space.
Types of constructors
Based on creating objects in Java constructor are classified in two types. They are
• Default or no argument Constructor
• Parameterized constructor.
Static block is a set of statements, which will be executed by the JVM before
execution of main method. At the time of class loading if we want to perform any
activity we have to define that activity inside static block because static block execute
at the time of class loading.
In a class we can take any number of static block but all these static block will be
execute from top to bottom.
Relationship in Java
Type of relationship always makes to understand how to reuse the feature from one
class to another class. In java programming we have two types of relationship they
are.
• Is-A Relationship
• Has-A Relationship
JAVA OBJECT ORIENTED
Inheritance
The process of obtaining the data members and methods from one class to another
class is known as inheritance. It is one of the fundamental features of object-oriented
programming.
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A class that is declared with abstract keyword, is known as abstract class. An abstract
class is one which is containing some defined method and some undefined method. In
java programming undefined methods are known as un-Implemented or abstract
method.
The process of obtaining the data members and methods from one class to another
class is known as inheritance. It is one of the fundamental features of object-oriented
programming.
Types of Inheritance
• Single inheritance
• Multiple inheritance
• Hierarchical inheritance
• Multilevel inheritance
• Hybrid inheritance
Why use Inheritance ?
• For Method Overriding (used for Runtime Polymorphism).
• It's main uses are to enable polymorphism and to be able to reuse code for
different classes
by putting it in a common super class
• For code Re-usability
Method Overloading
Whenever same method name is exiting multiple times in the same class with
different number of parameter or different order of parameters or different types of
parameters is known as method overloading.
Why method Overloading ?
Suppose we have to perform addition of given number but there can be any number of
arguments, if we write method such as a(int, int)for two arguments, b(int, int, int) for
three arguments then it is very difficult for you and other programmer to understand
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purpose or behaviors of method they can not identify purpose of method. So we use
method overloading to easily figure out the program. For example above two methods
we can write sum(int, int) and sum(int, int, int) using method overloading concept.
Different ways to overload the method
There are two ways to overload the method in java
• By changing number of arguments or parameters
• By changing the data type
• By changing the order of arguments. Method Overriding
•
Whenever same method name is existing in both base class and derived class with
same types of parameters or same order of parameters is known as method
Overriding.
Advantage of Java Method Overriding
• Method Overriding is used to provide specific implementation of a method that
is already provided by its super class.
• Method Overriding is used for Runtime Polymorphism
Interface
Interface is similar to class which is collection of public static final variables
(constants) and abstract methods.The interface is a mechanism to achieve fully
abstraction in java. There can be only abstract methods in the interface. It is used to
achieve fully abstraction and multiple inheritance in Java.
Why we use Interface ?
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• It is used to achieve fully abstraction.
• By using Interface, you can achieve multiple inheritance in java.
When we use abstract and when Interface If we do not know about any things about
implementation just we have requirement specification then we should be go for
Interface If we are talking about implementation but not completely (partially
implemented) then we should be go for abstract
Abstraction
Abstraction is the concept of exposing only the required essential characteristics and
behavior with respect to a context.
Hiding of data is known as data abstraction. In object oriented programming language
this is implemented automatically while writing the code in the form of class and
object.
Real life example of Abstraction
Abstraction shows only important things to the user and hides the internal details for
example when we ride a bike, we only know about how to ride bike but can not know
about how it work ? and also we do not know internal functionality of bike.
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is a process of wrapping of data and methods in a single unit is called
encapsulation. Encapsulation is achieved in java language by class
concept.Combining of state and behavior in a single container is known as
encapsulation. In java language encapsulation can be achieve using class keyword,
state represents declaration of variables on attributes and behavior represents
operations in terms of method.
Benefits of encapsulation
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• Provides abstraction between an object and its clients.
• Protects an object from unwanted access by clients.
• Example: A bank application forbids (restrict) a client to change an Account's
balance
Polymorphism
The process of representing one form in multiple forms is known as
Polymorphism.Here original form or original method always resides in base class and
multiple forms represents overridden method which resides in derived classes.
Polymorphism is not a programming concept but it is one of the principal of OOPs.
For many objects oriented programming language polymorphism principle is common
but whose implementations are varying from one objects oriented programming
language to another object oriented programming language.
Polymorphism principal is divided into two sub principal they are:
• Static or Compile time polymorphism
• Dynamic or Runtime polymorphism
JAVA ADVANCED
Package
A package is a collection of similar types of classes, interfaces and sub-packages.
The purpose of package concept is to provide common classes and interfaces for any
program separately. In other words if we want to develop any class or interface which
is common for most of the java programs than such common classes and interfaces
must be place in a package.
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Exception Handling
The process of converting system error messages into user friendly error message is
known as Exception handling. This is one of the powerful feature of Java to handle
run time error and maintain normal flow of java application.
An Exception is an event, which occurs during the execution of a program, that
disrupts the normal flow of the program's Instructions.
Type of Exception
• Checked Exception
• Un-Checked Exception
Hierarchy of Exception classes
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Multithreading
Multithreading in java is a process of executing multiple threads simultaneously. The
aim of multithreading is to achieve the concurrent execution.
Thread is a lightweight components and it is a flow of control. In other words a flow
of control is known as thread.State of a thread are classified into five types they are
1. New State
2. Ready State
3. Running State
4. Waiting State
5. Halted or dead State
String
String is a sequence of characters enclosed within double quotes (" ") is known as
String.
Example: "Java Programming".
In java programming to store the character data we have a fundamental datatype
called char. Similarly to store the string data and to perform various operation on
String data, we have three predefined classes they are:
• String
• StringBuffer
• StringBuilder
Collection
Collections in java is a framework that provides an architecture to store and manipulate
the group of objects.All the operations that you perform on a data such as searching,
sorting, insertion, manipulation, deletion etc. can be performed by Java
Collections.Java Collection simply means a single unit of objects. Java Collection
framework provides many interfaces (Set, List, Queue, Deque etc.) and classes
(ArrayList, Vector, LinkedList, PriorityQueue, HashSet, LinkedHashSet, TreeSet et.
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PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN
Connect Four Game : Connect Four is a two-player connection game in which the players
first choose a color and then take turns dropping colored discs from the top into a seven-
column, six-row vertically suspended grid. The pieces fall straight down, occupying the
next available space within the column. The objective of the game is to be the first to form a
horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line of four of one's own discs. Connect Four is a solved
game. The first player can always win by playing the right moves.
Results screenshot:
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CONCLUSIONS
Practical knowledge means the visualization of the knowledge, which we read in our
books. For this, we perform experiments and get observations. Practical knowledge is
very important in every field. One must be familiar with the problems related to that
field so that he may solve them and become a successful person.
After achieving the proper goal in life, an engineer has to enter in professional life.
According to this life, he has to serve an industry, may be public or private sector or
self-own. For the efficient work in the field, he must be well aware of the practical
knowledge as well as theoretical knowledge.
Due to all above reasons and to bridge the gap between theory and practical, our
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Engineering curriculum provides a practical training of 42 days. During
this period a student work in the industry and get well all type of
experience and knowledge about the working of companies and hardware and
software tools.
I have undergone my 42 days summer training in 5 th sem on INTERNSHALA. This report is
based on the knowledge, which I acquired during my 42 days of summer training.
REFERENCES
[1] Dr. Mitali Gupta “A Study on Impact of Connect Four game in JAVA special reference
to oracle.com, IJRAR- International Journal of Research and
Analytical Reviews, vol. 6, no. 1, pp.889-893, Jan. – March 2019
[2] Dr. S. Preetha, S.Iswarya “An Analysis of User Convenience towards Connect Four
game and
Software Application,” International Journal of Management,
Technology And Engineering, vol. 9, no. 1,pp.429-433, January 2019
[3] Scott Taylor, Jr. “Campus dining goes mobile: Intentions of college students to adopt a
desktop game app,” Journal of Java Business Research, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 121- 139,
March 2021
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[4] Debarun Chakraborty, Ghadeer Kayal, Prashant Mehta, Robin Nunkoo & Nripendra P.
Rana (2022) “Consumers’ usage of javaFX app: a theory of consumption
values,” Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 1-9,
Jan. 2022
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