Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the procedures used in this study, including the type of research,

respondents, sampling method, instruments, data gathering procedure and data analysis

employed and involved in the present research.

Type of Research
This study is qualitative – quantitative in nature, it made use of descriptive-correlational

design. Qualitative because it provides in - depth study about the reading strategies employed by the

English teachers responding to the reading literacy skills of the respondents. It is quantitative because it

provides statistical data in determining the respondents’ level of reading literacy. Furthermore, the

present study made use of descriptive-correlational method. Descriptive method because the

present study will describe the reading strategies utilized by the English teachers and the level

of reading literacy skills of the students.

The present study is also correlational in type. A correlation reflects the strength and/or

direction of the relationship between two (or more) variables. The direction of a correlation can be

either positive or negative (Bhandari, 2022). This type of research is appropriate as used since the

present study aims to investigates the relationship between reading strategies and reading

literacy skills of the respondents.

Respondents
The study involves a total of 39 Grade 7 students enrolled in CIT Colleges of Paniqui Inc. during

the school year 2023-2024. The researchers deemed them as worthy respondents because based on

observation and recent studies Majority of the struggling readers are within the average age for Grade
7. additionally, Grade 7 struggling readers have low level of performance in literal, interpretative, critical

and application reading comprehension, it was supported by Aquino, 2018 in his study. Thus, the

purposive sampling or the judgmental sampling procedure was utilized in determining the target

respondents of the study. Furthermore, the respondents were chosen on the basis of the knowledge of

the information desired or needed.

Sampling Method

The purposive sampling or the judgmental sampling procedure was utilized in determining the

target respondents of the study, specifically total population, with a total of 39 Grade 7 students. Total

population sampling, according to Lavrakas (2008), is a sort of purposive sampling in which the entire

population of interest (i.e., a group whose members all share a particular trait) is investigated. The

current study is best suited for the practical sampling technique since it frequently provides deeper

insights into a target group than incomplete samples could. It considerably lowers guesswork and may

enable a researcher to portray a much more detailed picture.

Instrument

The researchers made used of interview questionnaire and test questions as a main tool

to facilitate data gathering needed in the study.

To know the strategies and challenges of the English teachers, the researchers

employed a semi- structure questionnaire. The questionnaire was base on the study Waeji

(2018). However, modifications were made to accommodate the unique characteristics of the

respondents. Moreover, the questionnaire was validated by the English teachers.

Additionally, to determine the reading literacy of the Grade 7 students, the researchers adopted

the contextualized reading assessment tool for grade 7 as a research instrument made by Salingay
& Tan (2018); Gamboa (2023). This helps the researchers determine the level of the reading

comprehension of the students. The researcher will administer the 25-item Contextualized Reading

Assessment to all students and analyze the scores to determine their reading comprehension levels as

outlined below:

Score Range Percentage Adjectival Description

Ethical Considerations

As part of ensuring that the current study complied with ethical and behavioral standards,

participants were informed that the study was a voluntary study, that they could withdraw from

participation without penalty, that all data would remain anonymous, and that there would be no

conflicting interests or risks. It is also important to note that participating in this study had no impact on

their academic performance. Research data is stored on a password-protected laptop and is accessible

only to researchers. After the study is completed, all data is kept confidential and anonymous for six

months before being destroyed. All presentations and publications will not identify respondents or their

schools' use of survey information. To ensure the anonymity of each response, the qualitative data also

remained anonymous. Each respondent also received a letter outlining the informed consent form,

which they were required to read and sign. Given the researchers' interest in a broad range of

quantitative and qualitative data, the results and discussion sections of this study make no specific

reference to schools, school leaders, or teachers.

All data used in this research consists of primary data. After finalizing the tools for data

collection, the researchers visited the said respondents for prior permission.

Meanwhile, prior to the day of actual administration of questionnaires and reading test,

the researchers asked permission from the school principal in conducting the study. Once the

permission was approved, the researchers also secured permission to the English Teachers of the Grade

7. Also, a parental consent form had been secured before the data gathering. Their identities

have also been kept confidential and only the generalized data are to be presented in the

Results and Discussion portion of the study.

Then, the researchers distributed the research instrument to respondents. The

respondents had been given enough time to accomplish the questionnaires. After the students

finished answering the test questions, the results had been immediately tallied and tabulated.

The data collected became the basis of the presentation, analysis and interpretation of findings.

Additionally, the researcher, also conducted an interview to the English teachers to

determine the reading literacy skills of the respondents. Furthermore, to know their reading

strategies, their challenges in teaching reading literacy, and how they help their students in

improving their reading literacy.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data gathered in this study were subjected to the following statistical treatment.
 To test the relationship of the reading strategies and English literacy skills of the respondents,

Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was used.

Where:

r - the Pearson Product – Moment coefficient

Σx - sum of the scores of the first variable

Σx2 - sum of the squares of the first variable

Σy - sum of the scores of the second variable

Σy2 - sum of the squares of the second variable

Σxy - sum of the products of the first and second variables

n - number of cases