Lesson 1: What is Communication? 2.

Choose your channel

A communication channel is a medium
Trivia!
through which information passes from
“Good communication is the bridge between sender to receiver: lecture, written
confusion and clarity.” messages, telephone conversations,
“Over 70% of our time is spent communicating face-to-face dialogue, and group
with others, and that‘s the one interaction every meetings.
person must do. Everyone must communicate The choice of a channel may affect the
their needs and ideas.” quality of the communication and, in
turn, the degree to which the receiver
“Today, there are over 6,000 languages
will respond to it.
spoken in the world. In Papua New Guinea
3. Eliminate the static
alone, over 800 languages are spoken.”
The problem is that each of us has
What is communication? different barriers, and we don‘t usually
Communication is the exchange of know what kind of noise the other
information between a sender and person is hearing.
recipient(s). The major barrier to communication is
Communication is full of risks; despite our natural tendency to judge,
whatever precautions and plans we evaluates, approve, or disapprove the
make, we can never really be sure of other person‘s statements.
our success. 4. Tune in
The word “communication” is descended One of the best ways to tune in to the
from the Latin noun communicare, which other person is to find out how they
meant sharing or imparting. process and store the information they
Communication is a systematic process receive.
in which individuals interact with and If you want me to understand how you
through symbols to create and interpret feel or see what you mean or get in tune
meanings. -Wood (2004) with your ideas, you need to talk to me
in words I‘ll either relate to visual,
Qualities of Communication auditory, or kinesthetic.
Communication is a PROCESS. 5. Know your nonverbals
Communication is SYMBOLIC. Body movement, eye contact, posture,
Communication is SYSTEMATIC. and clothing are also very important
Communication involves MEANING. elements. Studies prove that 93% of
your message is nonverbal and
Nature of Communication symbolic.
Power is with the person who can
1. Adjust the climate
communicate well. It‘s truer today than it
These two factors are always present
has ever been. And the power exists
when people communicate: content and
within you. All it takes is awareness and
atmosphere.
practice. – Ben Franklin
When the communication climate is
positive, it‘s easier for us to Process of communication
communicate, solve problems, reach
decisions, and express thoughts and
feelings.
 Two common elements in every A female employee, for example, may
communication exchange are the not want to discuss her health problems
sender and the receiver. with a male coworker.
The sender initiates the communication. Some examples of socio-cultural
The receiver decodes the received barriers are: Cultural taboo, Norms and
message into meaningful information. Values and beliefs.
4. Linguistic Barrier
Basic communication process A language barrier is a figurative term
1. Start with a message that refers to linguistic barriers to
2. Message is encoded communication, i.e. communication
3. Message is transmitted difficulties experienced by people or
4. Message is received groups who speak different languages,
5. Message id decoded or even dialects in some cases.
It's important to remember that linguistic
Lesson 2: Barriers in communication. ability can sometimes be a
1. Physical Barrier communication barrier.
This refers to a disruption in the An example of linguistic barrier is: An
immediate environment that can American finding it difficult to ask for
interfere with effective communication. directions from a Filipino street food
A physical barrier, whether natural or vendor.
man-made, is clearly identifiable. 5. Technical Barrier
Physical barriers to listening include Without nonverbal cues like body
noise, poor architecture, and closed language, eye contact, and facial
doors. expressions, people are more likely to
Some examples of physical barriers in misunderstand your messages. As a
communication are: Noise, Volume, result, this is where technological
Distance and Information overflow. barriers begin to emerge.
2. Psychological Barrier This type of barrier can easily stifle any
Both the sender and the receiver's communication progress you've made.
psychological states influence their An example of technical barrier is: If
communication attitudes, limiting their your microphone is not working properly,
ability to communicate effectively. the person you’re speaking might find it
As a result, in order to communicate difficult to hear and understand you.
effectively, people who engage in
Strategies for Effective Communication
communication must be emotionally
stable. 1. Clarity of message
Some examples of psychological In any type of communication, it is
barriers are: Lack of attention, Emotions, important that the objective of
Poor retention and Personal communication is well defined, the level
Biases/Preferences. of language is kept simple, brief and
3. Socio-Cultural Barriers clear.
Communication barriers that arise when Proper phrasing, punctuation, emphasis,
members of one social group develop voice modulation facilitates clarity of
different norms, values, and behaviors message and increases the impact of
than members of another social group. communication.
 2. Reinforcement of Ideas We all know that in this generation, we
For clarity of the message, an element can have an access to anything by just one
of redundancy needs to be introduced. click on your keyboard or by just swiping on
Difficult or technical words and your screen.
expressions need to be substituted with Our lifestyle had become so dependent
simpler expressions and words of on technology, every day and every hour, there
everyday usage. are technologies around us doing some stuff to
3. Appropriate channel aid us.
For selecting a particular channel,
When you wake up every morning and
especially the more expensive one,
you want to have a bread but not just an
some questions need to be constantly
ordinary bread, then there is a toaster.
asked such as: Why this channel? Is
To cook your favorite sunny side-up egg
there any specific need? Will it help to
easily? You have your stove (sometimes
meet the objective of communication? Is
electric stove).
it possible to avoid unnecessary
To communicate with your friends and
investment?
classmates to ask something, you have
4. Motivation
a social media on your smartphone.
The receivers in the communication
process need to be encouraged to The communication that built by this
express their views, opinions and generation became the spotlight of others to
doubts. They need to be drawn into the find what is wrong about it.
interactive process by persuading them
“So, the today‘s manner of communication is
to pose questions.
characterized by constancy of connectivity,
Appreciation of their (receivers) views convergence, and interactivity.” (Suzarez,
increases their self-esteem and builds 2018)
confidence.
5. Proper environment 1. CONNECTIVITY - This occurred by
Proper seating arrangements, visibility digital tools that we use such as cellular
of the source and relatively comfortable phones, smartphones, tablets,
environment facilitate communication. computers without giving much effort to
This is especially conducive in do it.
overcoming some of the physical 2. CONVERGENCE - If you were able to
barriers discussed above. see instantly the physical appearance of
6. Feedback other person you are conversing through
Regular feedback at appropriate levels smartphones, or what they currently
facilitates understanding of the needs doing.
and views of the receiver/s. It helps to 3. INTERACTIVITY - This will be
bridge the gaps, if any, in the happened if the person on the other
communication approach and improves face-to-face system can instantly
the process of communication. interact to you with the demand you are
asking.
Lesson 3: Communications and technology
Using Social Media Platform
Impact of Communication on Society and On
the World The most popular social media platforms in the
Philippines are:
 Facebook (99%) product, through E-mail subscriptions
YouTube (57%) and use of social media can be enough
TikTok (17%) to inform the public about the business
Instagram (14%) you have.
Twitter (8%) 2. SEMINARS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS -
Through posting an online
By social media platform; advertisement, people on social media
1. We are able to perform different way to will know about your issues or events in
improve our lifestyle and culture. just one click.
2. Individuals in communities express their 3. BLOG MOVIE REVIEWS - Reviews and
feelings and ideas differently. other blogs about films can be helpful
3. Everything becomes easily plugged-in. tools to market a certain movie. Those
4. We are able to communicate despite are what we called teasers and
being geographically apart. synopsis.
4. VIDEO LECTURE - These are all
”This generation of digital age, has undeniably accessible to intervene, in just one click
altered our emotions and thinking that caused you may seek the video lecture you are
our reaction and responses reshape our
looking for free.
interpretation of things.”
1. An Internet meme, more commonly Lesson 4: Business Communication
known simply as a meme is an idea, What is Business Writing?
behavior, image, or style that is spread
Business Writing is a type of written
via the Internet, often through social
communication, usually with standard structure
media platforms.
and style.
2. Virality has been used to discuss a text
that spreads widely in a matter of “It is a purposeful piece of writing that conveys
seconds, minutes or hours in the realm relevant information to the reader in a clear,
of social networks. concise, and effective manner. It includes client
3. Cancel Culture is the practice or proposals, reports, memos, emails, and
notices.” —Corporate Finance Institute
tendency of engaging in mass canceling
as a way of expressing disapproval and Types of Business Writing
exerting social pressure.
1. Instructional
Technology and Communication Registers The instructional business writing type is
Based on Audience and Context directional and aims to guide the reader
through the steps of completing a task.
“The older and newer generation have a
A user manual falls aptly under the
tremendous evolution in technology and
instructional category, as well as a
communication, and that explains why all
professions and lifestyle had also need to memo issued to all employees.
evolve and adjust the way society needs it.” 2. Informational
Informational business writing pertains
Function of technology for business to recording business information
presentation purposes accurately and consistently.
1. EASY PRODUCT LAUNCH - Instead of For example, the financial statements of
doing door-to-door marketing for your a company, minutes of the meeting, and
 perhaps the most important, report inside address contains the individual’s
writing. courtesy title and his full name.
3. Persuasive You should also know his professional
It conveys relevant information to title, the company name and full
convince them that a specific product, address. If you are not sure of a
service, company, or relationship offers woman‘s courtesy title, it is safe to use
the best value. ―Ms.
Such a type of writing is generally 4. Salutation
associated with marketing and sales. It Salutation contains the name of the
includes proposals, bulk sales emails, person or office to which you are writing.
and press releases. It is usually typed two or four lines below
4. Transactional the inside address or the attention note.
Day-to-day communication at the Two spaces are the most common
workplace falls under the transactional spacing being used by the senders.
business writing category. 5. Body of the Business Letter
The bulk of such communication is by The body of the letter should be single-
email, but also includes official letters, spaced. There should be two spaces in
forms, and invoices. between paragraphs.
In cases where the letter is too short,
Parts of Business Letter double-spacing can be used within the
1. Heading paragraphs, using the semiblock style of
The heading of a business letter indentation to indicate new paragraphs.
contains information about the sender. 6. Complimentary Close and Signature
The first line of the heading contains the Line
complete address of your office. The complimentary close is an indication
The second line contains the name of that you have already stated the main
the city where your company is located points of your message.
followed by the ZIP code number. The The complimentary close begins with a
third line contains the date that is, if capital letter and ends with a comma.
there is no template that is prescribed by Skip from one to three spaces (two on a
the company. typewriter), and type in the signature
2. Dateline line, the printed name of the person
Dateline shows the date when the signing the letter.
sender wrote the business letter. The
Optional Parts of a Business Letter
American business letter begins with the
month followed by the day and then the Attention Line
year when the letter was actually typed Through Line
of dictated. Subject or Reference Line
The British business letter, on the other Enclosures
hand, begins with the day, followed by Confidence Notation
the month and then the year when the Copy Notation
letter was typed or dictated. Postscripts
3. Inside Address Typist’s Initials
The inside is necessary in all letters
regardless of its type and format. The Styles of Business Letters
 Full-Block Styles experience, qualifications and skills,
Modified-Block Style positioned in a way that aligns with
Semi-Block Style the company‘s goals and mission.
7. Include aspects of your personality.
How to Write an Application Letter As you‘re writing your job application
Remember! letter, consider how you can
incorporate aspects of your
When writing an application letter for a
personality. A friendly and engaging
job, follow these steps to make sure you
letter is likely to appeal to the reader.
include information about yourself and your
professional experience that will appeal to a 8. Express appreciation.
hiring manager. Before you sign off on your letter,
express your appreciation to the
1. Review information about the company hiring manager for reviewing your
and position. letter and considering you for the
Spend some time reviewing the position.
company information, which you can 9. Close the letter.
likely find on the website, as well as Many people use ―Sincerely or
the position listing. Compare your ―Best to close the letter, although
qualifications and experience with any professional signoff is fine to
the list of skills in that posting. include. The final line of the letter
2. Use a professional format. should be your full name. If you
When a hiring manager reviews your submit a hard copy of the letter,
job application letter, they will get include your signature above your
their first impression of you as a typed name. When submitting an
writing employee. application letter via email, you
3. Create the heading. should include your contact
The heading should include your information beneath your name,
name and contact information, the rather than including it in the header.
date and the company name and
address. How to Write a Resume
4. Address the letter to the hiring manager. 1. Name and contact information
Address your letter to this person Of course, your resume should have
with a common business greeting, your name, location, and contact
such as ―Dear Mr./Ms. and their last information (landline/mobile number,
name. email address) at the top of the
5. Open the letter by describing your document.
interest. Also, if you have a online portfolio or
Include your interest in the role and a professional profile, you could
briefly state the main experience or include the link to that website in this
qualification you have that makes portion.
you a good fit. 2. Career objective
6. Outline your experience and As a fresh graduate with very little
qualifications. experience, your objective is an
The next few paragraphs of your important section of the resume. Its
letter should highlight your
 main purpose is to get the immediate Types of Interview
attention of the recruiter.
1. One-on-one interview - A one-on-one
3. Education
interview is the traditional kind where
While most professional resumes
you meet with a hiring manager or
continue with work experience, a college
human resources professional to answer
graduate's resume should begin with
questions.
your highest educational attainment.
2. Telephone interview - This is where
4. Work experience
employers may ask applicants to meet
You might be wondering why this
on the phone or over video. These are
section exists in an article that clearly
often prescreening methods to ask you
states to having no work experience.
basic questions before coming in for a
Well, your internships, part-time jobs, or
more traditional interview.
volunteer experiences are already work
3. Behavioral interview - Behavioral
experiences and have been crucial to
interviews can be more in-depth than
you as you‘ve developed professionally.
traditional interviews. A hiring manager
5. Skills and Knowledge
might ask you to describe specific
These are the basic necessities you
situations in your previous role.
need to include in your resume,
4. Group interview - Group interviews are
however, do not limit yourselves with
ones where you interview with other
just this. You may add other sections
people for the same or similar roles.
such as Awards, Leadership Activities,
Typically, companies might provide a
Educational Honors, Certifications, and
brief presentation about their business
Professional Licenses if you have any.
first and then interview each person.
Lesson 5: Job Interview 5. Panel interview - This is where several
hiring managers are present. Commonly
Trivia! applicable to government agencies and
According to the latest data, a whopping 98% large organizations.
of people fail interviews. An average job 6. Audition - This includes a simulation
posting gets about 250 applications, and most and/or a brief exercise to evaluate your
employers usually interview no more than ten skills. Mainly applicable to actors,
candidates or 2–3% talents, and other skill-based job
Job Interview openings.

A job interview is a conversation which Preparing for an Interview

occurs between a potential employer 1. Review the job description
and a job applicant. Read and review the job description
During the job interview, the employer very thoroughly and be sure to align
has the opportunity to appraise your competencies with the skills
applicant’s qualifications, appearance required for the job.
and general fitness for the job opening. 2. Research about the company
Interviews are nerve-wracking for both Researching the company before an
newbies and more experienced interview will give you an insight into the
candidates as they are crucial for finding organization’s future goals and plans
the right fit for a job position. and being able to discuss these points
 will make you seem like a long-term
investment to your future employer.
3. Dress appropriately
Wearing the right clothes to the
interview won’t get you the job, but
wearing the wrong clothes will sink any
chances of impressing the interviewer.
4. Practice your speaking voice and body
language
It’s important to make a positive and
lasting impression during the interview
process. You can do this by practicing a
confident, strong speaking voice and
friendly, open body language.
5. Prepare questions for the interviewer
You should take time before the
interview to prepare several questions
for your interviewer(s) that show you’ve
researched the company and are well-
versed about the position.
6. Prepare questions for the interviewer
7. Sell yourself
The truth is that you do have
professional skills and experiences that
may set you apart from other applicants,
so it's acceptable and expected for you
to acknowledge them to your potential
employer.

NOTE!
Ace the exam 1-1! Alam kong kaya
nyong maperfect yung exam. Galingan nyo and
best of luck!