Test Bank for Business Statistics 9th Edition by Groebner Shannon

and Fry ISBN 013302184X 9780133021844

Full link download: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-business-

statistics-9th-edition-by-groebner-shannon-and-fry-isbn-013302184x-
9780133021844/

Business Statistics, 9e (Groebner/Shannon/Fry)

Chapter 2 Graphs, Charts and Tables—Describing Your Data

1) For the same data, a graph of a relative frequency distribution will look exactly the same as a graph
of the frequency distribution.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: graph, relative, frequency, distribution
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

2) When choosing class boundaries for a frequency distribution, classes such as 60-70, 70-80, 80-90
would be acceptable.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Keywords: frequency distribution, classes
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

3) Recently a survey was conducted in which customers of a large insurance company were asked to
indicate the number of speeding tickets they had received in the past three years. The data in this case
would most likely be analyzed using a frequency distribution with the data grouped into classes such
as 0-2, 3-5, 6-8, etc.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: frequency, distribution, classes
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

4) Recently a survey was conducted in which customers of a large insurance company were asked to
indicate the number of speeding tickets they had received in the past three years. The minimum value
in the data was zero and the largest was six tickets. If you wished to illustrate the proportion of people
who had three or fewer tickets, you would most likely construct a cumulative relative frequency
distribution. Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Keywords: cumulative, relative, frequency distribution
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1
5) Frequency distributions are specifically for analyzing discrete
data. Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Keywords: frequency, distribution, discrete
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

6) When developing a frequency distribution, the following classes would be considered

acceptable: 5 to < 10
10 to < 20
20 to < 40
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Keywords: frequency distribution, classes
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

7) It is often a good idea to convert frequency distributions to relative frequency distributions when
you wish to compare two distributions with different amounts of data.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: relative, frequency, distribution
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

8) In a report describing the number of people in the family of each of the 400 employees at a
manufacturing company, the frequency count at the value 3 was 220. This means that the
relative frequency at the 3 level is .44.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Keywords: relative, frequency
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

9) One way to develop a frequency distribution using Excel is to use the Frequency function.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Keywords: frequency, distribution, Excel
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

10) There is no difference between cumulative frequency and relative

frequency. Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: frequency
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1
11) A study of 4000 Dell PC customers listed the age of the customer among other variables. The
youngest customer was 14 years old and the oldest customer was 84 years old. If analysts for the
company wish to develop a frequency distribution with 7 classes, the smallest value that the class width
can be is 10 years. Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Keywords: frequency, distribution, class, width
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

12) A cumulative frequency distribution shows the percentage of observations for the variable of
interest with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: cumulative, frequency, distribution
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

13) In constructing a frequency distribution for the savings account balances for customers at a bank,
the following class boundaries might be acceptable if the minimum balance is $5.00 and the maximum
balance is $18,700:
$0.00 - $5,000
$5,000 - 10,000
$10,000 - $15,000
$15,000 - $20,000
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Keywords: frequency, distribution, class, boundary
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

14) The appropriate number of classes should generally be between 5 and 20.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Keywords: frequency distribution, classes
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

15) Once you have determined the class width using the formula, high-low divided by the number
of classes, it is appropriate to round to the nearest integer to make the analysis easier.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: class, width, formula
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1
16) There is no hard-and-fast rule regarding the number of classes that must be used when establishing
a frequency distribution for a continuous variable.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: class, frequency, distribution, continuous
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

17) The upper and lower limits of each class in a frequency distribution are also referred to as the
data array.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: class, frequency, distribution, array
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

18) The following class limits would be acceptable for developing a frequency distribution on income:
$0 < $5,000
$5001 < $10,000
$10,001 < $20,000
Over $20,000
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: class, limit, frequency, distribution
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

19) A histogram can be created for discrete or continuous

data. Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: histogram
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

20) In a recent study at First National Bank, a frequency count was made for the variable marital status
for the bank's 10,000 customers. It would also be appropriate to develop a histogram for this variable to
show how marital status is distributed.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: frequency, histogram, distribution
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 2
21) After developing a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable, a histogram can be devel
oped with the horizontal axis representing the values of the variable and the vertical axis representing
the frequency of occurrence in each class or group.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Keywords: frequency, distribution, histogram, class
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 2

22) A histogram can be constructed for data that are either quantitative or qualitative.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Keywords: histogram, quantitative, qualitative
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 2

23) In a recent study of retail daily sales by stores at a mall in Kansas, the minimum daily sales was
$700 and the maximum was $51,000. If you wish to construct a frequency distribution with 10 classes,
the minimum class width would be $5,100.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: frequency, distribution, class, width
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 1

24) Consider a situation in which both a frequency distribution and a relative frequency distribution
have been developed for the same quantitative variable. If histograms are constructed from each
distribution, the graphs will appear to have the same shape.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Keywords: relative, frequency, distribution, histogram, quantitative
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 2

25) When a histogram is constructed for discrete numerical data, there should be spaces between the
bars of the histogram.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: histogram
Section: 2-1 Frequency Distributions and Histograms
Outcome: 2
Another document from Scribd.com that is
random and unrelated content:
 BRINGING THE BEAR TO THE SHIP

SITTING FOR HIS PHOTOGRAPH, WITH KOOLOOTINGWAH,

PEWAHTOO, AND TEDDYLINGWAH

POLAR BEAR KILLED IN KANE BASIN

 THE SHIP BEACHED FOR
REPAIRS AT THE HEAD OF
ETAH FIORD

From Joe Island to Hans Island our course lay close to the
Greenland shore among very large and heavy floes. We passed
east of Hans Island, and from Hans Island to Cape Calhoun had
practically open water. From Cape Calhoun until we came to a
stop heavy floes were encountered again, becoming more and
more closely packed as we advanced. While passing Franklin and
Crozier Islands a fresh northeasterly wind enabled us to set
foresail, mizzenspencer, and forestaysails, and for a little while
gave the Roosevelt a speed of ten knots. From the afternoon of the
29th until 6 P. M. of September 5th we were unable to move, the ice
which held us drifting slowly but steadily to the southwest and
packing against Bache Peninsula and into Buchanan and Princess
Marie bays. During most of this time the weather was fine and
numbers of seals were observed upon the ice, several of which the
Eskimos secured.
In the evening of the 8th, the ice slackened to the southeast, I
abandoned the idea of picking up my Victoria Head Depot, and
the Roosevelt was headed for Cairn Point on the Greenland coast.
From the evening of September 5th until midnight of September
7th, we were able to make intermittent runs of a few hours
duration, the sum total of which placed us somewhat more than
half across Kane Basin. During the 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th we lay
imprisoned among very heavy old floes close to a group of four
icebergs, a position which caused me considerable uneasiness,
particularly as a strong southerly gale was blowing during two
days of the time.
At 7 P. M. of the 11th we made another short run and during
the five following days we worked southeastward at every
opportunity, gaining a mile or two at almost every tide, then being
nipped and crowded (wedged is the better word, perhaps)
southwestward toward Sabine, by some huge field of ice forging
down along the Greenland coast.
The weather was getting very sharp now, the young ice
formed and became extremely tough with great rapidity, and while
this time I had at heart no doubt of our eventual escape unless
some unforeseen event occurred, still the lateness of the season
and our surroundings were such as to make a repetition of the
Polaris’s experience, and a winter’s drift in the pack by no means
impossible.
The unforeseen contingency seemed to have arrived when it
was reported on the 14th that the propeller was loose, and if we
did any backing we would lose it. Such a loss would of course
mean a certainty of wintering in the pack. Much to my relief an
examination of the propeller showed that only the nuts holding
the blades in place were loose, and these after nearly two days of
effort were with much difficulty tightened up, and this danger, for
a time at least, averted. During the night of the 14th a floe not less
than eight or ten miles in diameter, crowding south on the ebb-
tide, wedged us and the ice about us over to within ten miles of
Cape Sabine. In return, however, for this apparent injury it gave us
a bear, the first seen by the Expedition, and left along its northern
edge a line of cleavage through which we were able to butt and
squeeze a passage eastward once more, and reach a series of areas
of young ice from three to five inches in thickness. To many a ship
this ice would have been as impracticable as the heavy floes
through which we had been working; but to the fine bow of the
Roosevelt, which Captain Dix had so carefully moulded, it proved
no obstacle, and she walked steadily through it in spite of her
crippled propeller and reduced boiler power.
And when after rounding the northeastern angle of the floe
and heading more to the south, it was possible to set the sails to
the fresh northerly wind, she trod the ice under her fore-foot with
a steady roar at a four or five knot pace. Finally after one or two
temporary delays where the corners of big floes locked together,
the ship, at 4 A. M. of the 16th, pushed her nose into open water
somewhat north of Littleton Island and steamed into Etah, thus
ending a most gallant battle with the ice which had begun on July
4th and lasted for seventy-five days.
During the crossing of Kane Basin six seals, one bearded seal,
two hood seals, and one polar bear were obtained. Soundings
made by Marvin at various points across the basin, showed a very
regular bottom, and depths much less than in Robeson and
Kennedy Channels or between Sabine and Littleton Island. These
soundings ranged from 101 to 139 fathoms.
At Etah I found not only the Eskimo families whom I had
transplanted there the summer before, but others who had come
since with a view to meeting the ship on her return. They had
given up hopes of our return this season until some three days
previous when active old Ahmah, Merktoshah’s wife, walking
overland to Anoritok had seen our smoke far out in Kane Basin.
From these natives I learned that the season had been an unusual
one, the ice everywhere remaining until very late. As soon as we
arrived the heavy anchor and cable which we had left here the year
before were taken on board, and Captain Bartlett reconnoitred
several places in the vicinity looking for a suitable place to beach
the Roosevelt and repair her stern and propeller. Nothing
satisfactory was found and we steamed up to the head of the fiord
in the northeast corner of which was a place that could be made to
do. Here the stern of the Roosevelt was warped close inshore at
high tide, and during the next few tides the stern was calked, the
stern-post, which had been twisted back and forth by the ice so
many times that it was now only a menace to the propeller, was
cut away, and the nuts fastening the propeller-blades set up again.
Some ballast was also taken on board between times. During all
this time the wind was blowing strongly from the north and Smith
Sound seen out through the mouth of the fiord was a cauldron of
whirling clouds, fog and snow. When this work was completed we
steamed back to Etah and took on board the coal. This work was
greatly hampered first by the strong wind which on one trip
swamped our boat raft, and afterwards by the young ice through
which it was at times almost impossible to warp the raft back and
forth between the ship and the shore. The lower portion of the coal
also was frozen and had to be loosened with dynamite. Late in the
evening of the 20th, the Roosevelt steamed out of Etah leaving
about half of my Eskimos there.

VIEW OF THE STERN

ESKIMO HOUSES AT KOOKAN

 CHAPTER XIII
ETAH TO NEW YORK

As we left Etah loose ice was streaming down past the mouth of
the fiord. Cape Alexander was reached at midnight and the
Roosevelt headed for Cape Isabella to run a line of soundings
across Smith Sound as far as the ice would permit. About ten miles
from Alexander the solid edge of the ice was encountered
extending unbroken from there to the Ellesmere Land shore. This
ice was very heavy and appeared to have no cracks or openings in
it. The sounding here was 438 fathoms. The Roosevelt then
headed away for Cape Chalon steaming around a point of the pack
which reached nearly in to the Greenland shore above Sonntag
Bay. Steaming into Whale Sound, which was filled with icebergs,
fragments of ice and sheets of newly formed young ice, numbers of
walrus were seen and ten secured, though with great difficulty as
the young ice made it almost impossible to approach them. We
then steamed into Kookan to land more of my Eskimos, and the
anchor was hardly down off the delta of the stream, when a large
sheet of comparatively heavy young ice drove against us and
pushed the Roosevelt’s stern ashore almost at the crest of high-
water.
This extremely annoying incident held us here until the
following noon, but the occurrence was turned to account by
additional calking of the stern and again tightening and this time
wedging the bolts of the propeller blades. Steaming out from
Kookan the tough young ice now several inches in thickness,
retarded our progress seriously for some three miles. As we got
out of the bay it became less dense. Heading for the passage
between Herbert and Northumberland islands, six walrus of those
that were directly on our route were secured and passing between
the islands, we steamed for Cape Parry. Off this cape we got out of
the young ice entirely, and steamed southward in open water.
Another contingent of my Eskimos wishing to be landed at
Oomunui on the south side of Wolstenholm Sound, we steamed in
behind Saunders Island securing six large bull walrus. Young ice
of too great thickness for us to penetrate, prevented our reaching
Oomunui and an attempt was made to land the Eskimo at
Narksami between Oomunui and Cape Athol. The anchor was
dropped off this place but the movement and thickness of the
young ice was such that I did not think it advisable to delay here
even for an hour, and the anchor was immediately hoisted again
and we forged slowly out through young ice which required all the
power we could summon to negotiate it.

CAPE YORK, 76° NORTH LATITUDE

Northern limit of Melville Bay and most southerly settlement of the

Whale Sound Eskimos
 SAWING WOOD TO
FEED THE FURNACES
ALONG THE LABRADOR
COAST
HANGING OUR NEW
RUDDER AT HOPEDALE

The nights now were very dark. Off Cape Athol we got free of
the young ice again, and steaming south in open water, were off
Cape Dudley Diggs early the following morning and steamed into
Parker Snow Bay to land the last of my Eskimos. This day was a
perfect one of brilliant sunshine and pronounced warmth. The
Eskimos worked with a will landing their belongings, their dogs,
and the walrus meat which I had secured for the purpose of
carrying them through the winter, as I was bringing them back at
the close of the hunting season when they could hope to secure
only a scanty supply of food before the winter set in. By night
everything was landed, and several tents set up on the shore. As
the darkness came down it began to snow, accompanied by light
wind from the southeast. In the morning the whole country was
white with snow and a vicious southeaster in progress which held
us here until the following morning. This time was occupied in
getting the Roosevelt ready for rough water. From Cape Union to
here all provisions, ammunition and equipment of all kinds had
been carried on deck ready to be thrown ashore or out upon the
ice whenever the necessity arose. This deck load was now
transferred to the hold, and the ship generally put in better trim
for the mauling which we were sure to receive at this season of the
year once we got clear of the ice. As soon as the weather
moderated sufficiently we steamed to Cape York where four
families were found. Here we made fast to the newly formed land
ice and remained three or four hours while repairing a bent
eccentric. The natives here reported that the ice in Melville Bay
had gone out but a short time previous, and during the entire
season no ship had been able to approach the Cape, an occurrence
which has not happened before since my acquaintance with this
region, dating back to 1891.
Leaving Cape York late in the afternoon of the 26th, in a
dense snowstorm, which doubled the gloom of the already
descending night, we groped our way in almost complete darkness
out through the numerous icebergs, and felt that we had really
begun the homeward voyage. The darkness during this night was
so intense that we slowed down to half-speed. The following
afternoon a fresh breeze accompanied by a heavy swell set in from
the southeast, and the rolling of the ship washed out some ashes in
the fire-room, clogging the suctions of all the pumps, and allowing
the water in the fire-room to rise to the stoke-hole plates before it
was noticed. During the next two days the Roosevelt was hove-to
while the fire-room was cleared of water, the pumps overhauled
and got in commission again, and steps taken to prevent a
recurrence of the trouble. During this time the weather remained
thick and the wind continued from the southeast. When we got
under way it was impracticable to make the Greenland coast and
we continued down the middle of Baffin’s Bay. At midnight of
September 30th we rounded the end of the middle pack and in the
afternoon of October 1st, in a fresh southeast breeze and heavy
swell, the foretopmast broke off at the springstay, and went
overboard carrying with it the topmast rigging, barrel, and flying
jib. October 3d we made the west coast just above Cape Dyer and
followed it past Walsingham and Mercy, and across the mouth of
Cumberland Sound, until 4 A. M. of the 6th, when about seven
miles north of Monumental Island, a sea striking under the
starboard quarter broke the rudder-stock square off, rendering us
helpless.
It was very thick at the time and the Roosevelt was hove-to
heading eastward to avoid being drifted upon the ragged coast
about Cape Haven. A spar was got ready and rigged out as a jury
rudder, but we were scarcely under way again when the wind came
on from the northeast, and in two or three hours the rising sea had
carried away the improvised rudder. After this we hove-to again,
the storm increasing to almost hurricane violence for some thirty-
six hours and raising a heavy sea. The Roosevelt proved herself a
fine sea boat, lying to under double-reefed foresail with the same
ease as one of the best of our Banks fishing schooners, and though
she repeatedly rolled her rail to the water, she did not ship a
bucketful of green sea.
With the slackening of the gale followed some twenty-four
hours of chop sea off the mouth of Hudson Strait and work was
commenced on a second rudder which, after two days of work
under extreme difficulties, was finally completed and hung, the
men being flung back and forth across the deck as they worked.
The next day we made the Labrador coast at what is perhaps the
worst locality in its northern portion, known as the Pot Rocks.
Threading our way through these in fog and driving snow, with the
breakers on either side, we kept off the coast and had no distinct
view of it until the 13th, when it could be seen clearly enough for
us to determine that we were just north of Sagdlek Bay. As we
were now entirely out of water and had but a few tons of coal left, I
determined to put into Hebron in hopes that we might secure a
few tons of coal there. Darkness fell while we were still several
miles from Hebron, but Captain Bartlett had been there some
years before and he skilfully worked the ship through the crooked
channels to her anchorage. No coal was to be had here but we
obtained water and a few essential supplies, and early Monday
morning started for Nain, taking the inside passage from Cape
Mugford with which Captain Bartlett fortunately was familiar.
Lying to during the night we reached Nain shortly after noon the
following day.
Here some wood and a little blubber and two or three tons of
coal-dust were obtained after much delay, due to heavy squalls
which prevented the passage of boats from the ship to the shore.
These squalls were so violent that they tore one of our boats loose
and drifted it away. The Eskimo women here did all the work of
loading and unloading the wood.
Still following the inside route, we proceeded to Hopedale
where more wood was obtained, and more delay experienced from
heavy wind. The second night the squalls were so violent that even
in the inner harbour the Roosevelt dragged both anchors and went
aground; coming off easily, however, at the next high tide.
 On leaving the harbour the ship was found to be so light that
in the fresh northwester then blowing she would not answer her
helm. Both anchors were let go and when at night the wind
moderated, she worked back into the harbour where she was
beached, rudder hoisted out and rebuilt, the stern recalked,
natives employed to bring ballast and work the pumps, while we
awaited the arrival of the mail steamer to secure coal, without
which I did not think it advisable to proceed farther along this
coast at this season of the year with the Roosevelt in her present
condition.

HULDA A LABRADOR ESKIMO

GIRL AT NAIN
 HOPEDALE

Moravian missionary station on the Labrador coast

On the arrival of the mail steamer seven tons of coal were

secured with which in snowstorms and head winds except for the
last few miles, still following the inside passage through the
intricacies of which Bartlett handled the ship with masterly skill,
we reached the whaling station at Hawke’s Harbour and secured
two more tons which brought us to Battle Harbour, where we
arrived in the evening of November 2d.
The following day forty tons of coal were taken on board and
while the work was in progress a southeaster set in accompanied
by rain. From this time until the 12th, the wind continued heavy
from southeast, east, and northeast, accompanied by rain, snow,
generally thick weather and a heavy sea. The 12th was a clear day
but the sea heaving into the narrow and tortuous entrance to the
harbour, made it inexpedient to attempt to go out. On the 13th
another southeaster set in with driving snow but the sea was down
for a few hours and advantage was taken of this to steam round
into Assizes Harbour, which affords good shelter. The entire time
of our stay in Battle Harbour was a period of continuous anxiety
and efforts to keep the ship from being driven ashore by the
violent undertow which makes this harbour the worst on the
Labrador coast when any sea is running.
During this time the Roosevelt was moored as follows: on the
port bow our heaviest anchor and cable let go in the middle of the
harbour, a heavy chain cable attached to a ring-bolt on shore, and
a 4–inch line; on the port quarter two 6–inch manila hawsers and
a ¾–inch diameter steel-wire cable; on the starboard bow our
1¼–inch light-house-test chain cable made fast to a projection of
the solid ledge on shore, and two 4–inch manila lines; on the
starboard side of the waist four 3½–inch lines; on the starboard
quarter four 3½–inch lines, and a chain cable attached to a ring-
bolt ashore.
With all these moorings the ship surged back and forth so
violently as to break several of the smaller lines, tear out two of the
ring-bolts let into the rocks, and break off the stock of our 2,200–
pound anchor.
Bartlett’s unremitting efforts, however, kept her from going
ashore. Each mooring as it parted was replaced by another in spite
of every difficulty.
From Battle Harbour, the voyage was a series of head winds
and sea and innumerable delays of one kind and another.
At early dawn of November 23d the Roosevelt steamed into
Sydney harbour and dropped anchor, over four months and a half
from Cape Sheridan.
This homeward voyage was the most wearing and annoying
part of the entire expedition, compensated for, in part at least, by
the return of every member of the expedition in as good or better
condition than at starting and the return of the ship with injuries
of but a temporary nature.
From Sydney, the ship as the weather permitted crept down
the coast arriving in New York Harbour Christmas Eve.
 OOBLOOYAH

Young Eskimo man of about

twenty-three

A GROUP OF ESKIMO WOMEN

The relations of the personnel of the party were particularly

happy. Personally, I never spent a year in the Arctic regions so
entirely free from the petty annoyances and friction which are
usually a most disagreeable feature of an Arctic expedition.
Captain Bartlett proved himself invaluable and was unsparing of
himself in his efforts for the success of the expedition and the
safety of the Roosevelt. Chief Engineer Wardwell, from the time of
the failure of our water-tube boilers, two days out from Sydney,
had a particularly trying and difficult time, and found the fullest
scope for all his ingenuity and resources.
Dr. Wolf looked after the health of the expedition with
unremitting care and skill and there was no serious illness. The
Doctor also did his full share of the spring sledge work.
Mr. Marvin, while on board ship and during the winter
hunting in the interior and throughout the spring and summer
sledging campaigns assumed his full share of the work. Henson,
and Percy, my steward, tried in years of Arctic experience, again
proved their worth.
The officers and men were interested and willing. Mate
Bartlett was in charge of the Roosevelt during the absence of
Captain Bartlett and myself. Boatswain Murphy was of material
assistance in the field. Two of the firemen, Clark of Massachusetts,
and Ryan of Newfoundland, took an active part in the spring
sledge work.
The Roosevelt was very effective even with her reduced
power, forcing her way through the heaviest ice and apparently
impassable places, and coming safely through experiences which I
am satisfied no other ship afloat would have survived. Young ice,
even of very considerable thickness, she trod under her with great
facility, and under serious pressures she rose readily and easily.
As a sea boat she was equally satisfactory, lying to in the
October North Atlantic gale off Resolution Island rudderless
under double-reefed foresail, with all the ease and dryness of one
of our best Banks fishing schooners. For this the fullest credit is
due her builder, Captain Chas. B. Dix, who put his whole heart and
years of experience into her construction.
The main results of the Expedition may be summarised as
follows:
First.—The attainment of the “highest North” leaving a
distance of but 174 nautical miles yet to be conquered this side of
the Pole, narrowing the unknown area between my highest and
Cagni’s to less than 381 miles, and throwing the major remaining
unknown Arctic area into the region between the Pole and Bering
Strait.
 Second.—The determination of the existence of a distant new
land northwest of the northwestern part of Grant Land, probably
an island in the westerly extension of the North American
archipelago.
Third.—The distinct widening of our horizon as regards ice
and other conditions in the western half of the central Polar Sea.
Fourth.—The traversing and delineation of the unknown coast
between Aldrich’s farthest west in 1876, and Sverdrup’s farthest
north in 1902.
Fifth.—The determination of the unique glacial fringe and
floeberg nursery of the Grant Land coast.
Tidal and meteorological observations have been made,
soundings taken in the Smith Sound outlet of the Polar Sea, also
along the north coast of Grant Land, and samples of the bottom
secured; the existence of considerable numbers of the Arctic
reindeer in the most northern lands determined; the range of the
musk-ox widened and defined, a new comparative census of the
Whale Sound Eskimos made, etc., etc.
It seems proper also to note that the result of the last
Expedition of the Peary Arctic Club has been to simplify the
attainment of the Pole fifty per cent.; to accentuate the fact that
man and the Eskimo dog are the only two mechanisms capable of
meeting all the various contingencies of serious Arctic work, and
that the American route to the Pole and the methods and
equipment used remain the most practicable for attaining that
object.
Had the winter of 1905 to 1906 been a normal season in the
Arctic regions and not, as it was, a particularly open one, there is
not a member of the Expedition who doubts that we would have
attained the Pole.
And had I known before leaving the land what actual
conditions were to the northward, as I know now, I could have so
modified my route and my disposition of sledges that I believe we
could have reached the Pole even in spite of the open season.
Another expedition, following in my steps, and profiting by
my experience, can not only attain the Pole, but can secure the
other remaining principal desiderata in the central Arctic Sea,
namely, a line of deep-sea soundings from the north shore of
Grant Land to the Pole, and the delineation of the unknown gap in
the northeast coast line of Greenland from Cape Morris Jesup
southward to Cape Bismarck. This work can be accomplished by
an expedition absent for the same length of time as the last one,
and with a lesser expenditure.
It must be borne constantly in mind that the expedition which
has accomplished this work, has been the expedition of the Peary
Arctic Club, and that all results are due entirely to the generosity
and public spirit of the members of that Club, and particularly to
the unfailing interest and unflagging efforts of its President,
Morris K. Jesup.
 CHAPTER XIV
THE PEARY ARCTIC CLUB

“To reach the Farthest Northern Point on the Western Hemisphere; to Promote and
Maintain Exploration of the Polar Regions.”

1898–1902

The history of The Peary Arctic Club divides itself, first, into that
of the subscribers sustaining the 1898–1902 Expeditions, and
second, of the incorporators of the Club, in 1904, under the laws of
the State of New York. The subscribers met for the first time at No.
44 Pine Street, N. Y., Jan. 29, 1899, and having before them
Commander Peary’s letters and reports from Etah, North
Greenland, Aug. 12, 1898, adopted the name of “The Peary Arctic
Club” and a Constitution, setting forth that “the objects of the Club
are to promote and encourage explorations of the Polar regions, as
set forth in Lieutenant R. E. Peary’s letter dated January 14, 1897,
and to assist him in securing additional information regarding the
geography of the same; to receive and collect such objects of
scientific interest or otherwise as may be obtainable through
Lieutenant Peary’s present expedition or other expeditions of like
nature; to receive, collect and keep on file narratives and
manuscripts relative to Arctic explorations; to preserve such
records and keep such accounts as may be necessary for the
purpose of the association; and further to command in its work
the resources of mutual acquaintance and social intercourse”;
declaring that contributors to the expedition, including those
absent, were Founders of the Club and elected the following
officers: President, Morris K. Jesup; Vice-President, Frederick E.
Hyde; Treasurer, Henry W. Cannon; Secretary, Herbert L.
Bridgman. Alfred C. Harmsworth (Lord Northcliffe) was elected
an Honorary Member of the Club in recognition of his gift of the
Windward to Commander Peary.
The Club despatched the steamer Diana, Captain Samuel W.
Bartlett of St. John, N. F., in command of its Secretary, H. L.
Bridgman, from Sydney, C. B., on July 27, 1899, whither she
returned on September 15th, having in the meantime successfully
accomplished her mission in depositing at Etah her stores,
effecting a junction with Commander Peary at Etah on August
12th, and returning with her consort, the Windward, which had
wintered at Cape D’Urville, Ellesmere Land. The Windward,
preceding the Diana one week in her departure from Etah, arrived
at Brigus, N. F., two days earlier, having on board the scientific
records and personal effects of each officer and man of the Lady
Franklin Bay Expedition; the sextant abandoned in 1876 by
Lieutenant, now Rear-Admiral, Albert Beaumont, R. N. at Cape
Britannia, Greenland, and copies of the Nares-Markham records
from the cairns of Norman Lockyer and Washington Irving
islands, all recovered by Commander Peary in 1898 and 1899. The
personal effects were subsequently distributed by the Club to the
survivors and next of kin of the deceased, and the relics of the
Royal Navy deposited, through the Lords of the Admiralty in the
Royal Naval Museum, at Greenwich.
The Club sent the Windward, repaired and improved and in
command of Captain Samuel W. Bartlett, North in the following
year, 1900, with Mrs. Peary and Marie Ahnighito Peary on board,
leaving Sydney, C. B., on July 21st, with instructions to proceed to
Etah, and failing to find there Commander Peary, to cross Smith
Sound to Cape Sabine and press forward as far as might be
necessary to open communication with him. The Windward
failing to return, the Club in 1901 chartered the Erik, and
despatched her in command of Secretary Bridgman from Sydney,
C. B., July 18th, with instructions to proceed first to Etah, and
then to act as circumstances suggested. The Erik arrived at Etah
on August 5th, where Commander Peary and the Windward were
found, all on board well, the ship having wintered in Payer
Harbour under Cape Sabine, where she was joined on May 6th, by
Commander Peary from Fort Conger. The Erik and Windward,
after the greater part of August in the north waters, returned, the
former to Sydney, C. B., September 15th, with Commander Peary’s
report of his delineation in 1900 of the northern end of Greenland,
and Lockwood and Brainard’s original record from their cairn in
1882 at their farthest, and the Windward to Brigus, September
24th.
New boilers and engines having been installed in the
Windward, she sailed a third time for the North from Sydney, C.
B., July 20th, 1902, with Mrs. and Miss Peary on board; effected a
junction with Commander Peary on August 5th at Cape Sabine;
and, after a stay of less than a day, brought away the expedition
with the record of 84.17 North (the highest on the Western
Continent), in May, 1902. The party, library, instruments, and all
the remaining equipment of the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
arrived at Sydney, C. B., September 5th.
The founders of the Club were: Morris K. Jesup, Henry W.
Cannon, James J. Hill, John M. Flagler, Frederick E. Hyde, E. C.
Benedict, H. Hayden Sands, A. A. Raven, Henry Parish, Eben B.
Thomas, James M. Constable, Herbert L. Bridgman, Henry H.
Benedict, and Eliphalet W. Bliss.
Full contributing members, Edward G. Wyckoff and Clarence
W. Wyckoff, of Ithaca, N. Y., and Grant B. Schley, of New York,
were in 1899 elected to membership in the club, and President
Charles P. Daly, of the American Geographical Society, to its
executive committee, in recognition of the contribution by the
Society.
 1904–190–(?)

The Charter of the Peary Arctic Club, April 19, 1904, recites
that the objects of the incorporation are “to aid and assist in
forming and maintaining certain expeditions to be placed under
Commander Robert E. Peary, U. S. N., with the object of
continuing his explorations of the Polar Regions and completing
the geographical data of the same, receiving and collecting such
objects of scientific interest as may be obtainable through such
expeditions; collecting, receiving, and preserving narratives and
manuscripts relating to Arctic explorations in general; soliciting
and administering funds for the maintenance of such expeditions,
and, in general, providing funds for Commander Peary’s efforts to
reach the farthest northern point on the Western Hemisphere, and
to coöperate with any other association for the same purpose,” and
names as incorporators:
Morris K. Jesup
Anton A. Raven
Herbert L. Bridgman
John A. Flagler
Henry Parish
Robert E. Peary

Immediately upon incorporation, the Club addressed itself to

the construction of a ship for its work, plans for which were
designed, based upon the experience of former expeditions of
Commander Peary. Contracts were made with the late Captain
Charles B. Dix of Bucksport, Me., where her keel was laid October
15, 1904, and the ship launched and christened Roosevelt by Mrs.
Peary, March 23, 1905. Installation of machinery at Portland
occupied the next two months, and early in July, the Roosevelt
arrived under her own steam at New York, whence in July of that
year, she was despatched to the North, paying President Jesup of
the Club a parting call at Bar Harbour, Me. On arriving at Sydney,
C. B., Captain Robert A. Bartlett assumed command and on July
26th she departed for the North. The auxiliary collier Erik
accompanied the Roosevelt as far as Etah, whence on August 16,
1905, the Roosevelt began her battle with the ice, and the Erik
returned to St. Johns, N. F.
 The subsequent movements of the Club’s expedition are
contained in the preceding pages.
The list of the contributors to the present Peary Arctic Club is
as follows:
Appalachian Mountain Club
Archer, George A.
Bellows, H. M.
Bement, L. C.
Benedict, H. H.
Benjamin, Julian A.
Berri, William
Bourne, F. G.
Bridgman, Herbert L.
Brockway, R. M.
Bryant, Henry G.
Cannon, H. W.
Chamberlain, Leander
Cheney, Mrs. Charles P.
Church, Alfred W.
Clapp, Henry Lyman
Clarkson, Banyer
Close, Frances H.
Colgate, Jas. C.
Coolidge, J. R.
Crane, Zenas
Crocker, George
Delafield, L. L.
Dodge, Cleveland H.
Doughty, Ella
Drexel, Mrs. Joseph
Ford, Simeon
Geographical Society, American
Gilder, R. W.
Heilprin, A.
Hobson, Richmond P.
Holbrook, L.
Hubbard, Thomas H.
Huntington, A. M.
Huyler, John S.
Jesup, Mrs. Morris K.
Jesup, Morris K.
Jones, Walter R. T.
Kerr, W.
Kimball, A. R.
Kinnicutt, Dr. and Mrs.
Kleybolte, Rudolph
Knapp, Dr. Herman
Low, William G.
Merrill, Fullerton
Mitchell, S. Weir
Moss, Charles H.
Noyes, Henry T., Jr.
Parish, Henry
Parsons, John E.
Perkins, W. H.
Phillips, Dr. John C.
Pyne, M. Taylor
Rae, Samuel
Raven, Anton A.
Reynolds, Edward C.
Robbins, Chandler
Robbins, Harriet L.
Schieren, Charles A.
Schiff, Jacob H.
Schiff, Mortimer L.
Schott, C. M., Jr.
Smith, J. H.
Squires, Grant
Torrance, H.
Trevor, John S.
Upton, Frank S.
Vaill, D. L.
Van Post, H. C.
Victor, J. A.
Wallace, D. H.
Ward, Joseph M.
Williams, G. A.

H. L. Bridgman, Secretary and Treasurer,

Peary Arctic Club.
MONTHLY MEANS OF BAROMETRIC READINGS
AT CAPE SHERIDAN, 1905–1906

(Regular barometric readings were taken at 7 A. M., 2 P. M., and 9 P.

M. daily)

Mean for 27 days in August, 1905 29.920 inches of Hg

„„„„„ September, 1905 29.848 „
„„„„„ October, 1905 30.122 „
„„„„„ November, 1905 29.897 „
„„„„„ December, 1905 29.796 „
„„„„„ January, 1906 30.012 „
„„„„„ February, 1906 29.955 „
„„„„„ March, 1906 30.035 „
„„„„„ April, 1906 29.801 „
„„„„„ May, 1906 30.245 „
„„„„„ June, 1906 29.816 „
„ „ first 6 days in July, 1906 29.664 „
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THERMOMETRIC
READINGS AT CAPE SHERIDAN, 1905–1906

(Regular thermometric readings were taken daily at 7 A. M., 2 P. M.,

and 9 P. M.)

Mean for 27 days in August, 1905 +36.86 °F.

„„„„„ September, 1905 +12.66 „
„„„„„ October, 1905 –8.40 „
„„„„„ November, 1905 –17.24 „
„„„„„ December, 1905 –21.83 „
„„„„„ January, 1906 –29.55 „
„„„„„ February, 1906 –31.14 „
„„„„„ March, 1906 –32.28 „
„„„„„ April, 1906 –0.40 „
„„„„„ May, 1906 +19.34 „
„ „ first 17 days in June, 1906 +32.18 „
 CHAPTER XV
REPORT OF COMMANDER PEARY, ON WORK
DONE IN THE ARCTIC IN 1898–1902

President Jesup, and Members of the Peary Arctic Club:

In January, 1897, I promulgated my plan for an extended
scheme of Arctic exploration, having for its main purpose the
attainment of the North Pole. During the spring of 1897, your
President, Morris K. Jesup, became interested in the matter, and
suggested the idea of the present Club. His example was followed
by other prominent men, and late in May, through the persistent
personal efforts of Chas. A. Moore, backed by letters from these
and other influential men, five years leave of absence was granted
me by the Navy Department, to enable me to carry out my plans.
It being too late that season to get the main expedition under
way, the summer of 1897 was devoted to a preliminary trip to the
Whale Sound region, to acquaint the Eskimos with my plan for the
coming year, and set them to work laying in a stock of skins and
meat. These objects were successfully accomplished, and in
addition the great “Ahnighito” meteorite of Melville Bay, the
largest known meteorite in the world, was brought home.
In December, 1897, while I was in London, the steam yacht
Windward, which had been used in his Franz Joseph Land
expedition, was tendered to me by Alfred Harmsworth, who
offered to have her re-engined and delivered to me in New York.
This generous offer I accepted.
In the spring of 1898 the Peary Arctic Club was organised,
Morris K. Jesup, Henry W. Cannon, H. L. Bridgman, all personal
friends of mine, forming the nucleus about which the rest of you
assembled, and in May the Windward arrived; but, to my regret
and disappointment, the machinists’ strike in England having
prevented the installation of new engines, she was practically
nothing but a sailing craft.
The lateness of the season was such that I had to make the
most of the Windward as she was. But her extreme slowness (3½
knots under favourable circumstances), and the introduction of a
disturbing factor in the appropriation by another of my plan and
field of work, necessitated the charter of an auxiliary ship if I did
not wish to be distanced. The Windward sailed from New York on
the 4th of July, 1898, and on the 7th I went on board the Hope at
Sydney, C. B.
 1898–1899

Pushing rapidly northward, and omitting the usual calls at the

Danish Greenland ports, Cape York was reached after a voyage,
uneventful except for a nip in the ice of Melville Bay, which lifted
the Hope bodily, and for a few hours seemed to contain
possibilities of trouble.
The work of hunting walrus and assembling my party of
natives was commenced at once, the Windward soon joined us,
after which the hunting was prosecuted by both ships until the
final rendezvous at Etah, whence both ships steamed out on
Saturday, August 13th, the Windward to continue northward, the
Hope bound for home. The Windward was four hours forcing her
way through a narrow barrier of heavy ice across the mouth of
Foulke Fiord. Here the Hope left us, straightening away
southward toward Cape Alexander, and the Windward headed for
Cape Hawkes, showing distinctly beyond Cape Sabine.
At 4 A. M. Sunday we encountered scattered ice off Cape
Albert. About noon we were caught in the ice near Victoria Head,
and drifted back several miles. Finally we got round Victoria Head
into Princess Marie Bay at 6 P. M. The bay was filled with the
season’s ice, not yet broken out, while Kane Basin was crowded
with the heavy, moving polar pack. Between the two, extending
northward across the mouth of the bay, was a series of small pools
and threads of water, opening and closing with the movements of
the tide. At 11:30 P. M. of the 18th the Windward had worried her
way across the bay to a little patch of open water close under Cape
D’Urville. Here further progress was stopped by a large floe,
several miles across, one end resting against the shore, the other
extending into the heavy ice. While crossing the bay the more
important stores had been stowed on the deck in readiness to be
thrown out upon the ice in the event of a nip. Pending the turning
of the tide, when I hoped the big floe would move and let us
proceed, I landed at Cape D’Urville, deposited a small cache of
supplies and climbed the bluffs to look at the conditions
northward.
August 21st, I went on a reconnoissance along the ice-foot to
the head of Allman Bay and into the valley beyond. The night of
the 21st young ice formed, which did not melt again. On the 28th I
attempted to sledge over the sea ice to Norman Lockyer Island,
but found too many weak places, and fell back on the ice-foot. The
night of the 29th the temperature fell to –13° F., and on the 31st
the new ice was four and a quarter inches thick. On this day I went
to Cape Hawkes and climbed to its summit, whence I could see
lakes out in Kane Basin, but between them and the Windward the
ice was closely packed—a discouraging outlook. Only a strong and
continued westerly wind would give me any chance. I could not
leave the ship for fear an opportunity to advance would occur in
my absence.
September 2d, I started on a sledge trip up Princess Marie
Bay. At Cape Harrison the strong tidal current kept the ice broken,
so that I could not round it, and the ice-foot was impracticable for
sledges. I went on foot to the entrance of Cope’s Bay, surveying the
shore to that point, and returned to the ship after four days.
During this trip I obtained the English record from the cairn on
the summit of Norman Lockyer Island, left there twenty-two years
ago. This record was as fresh as when deposited.
September 6th, I left the ship to reconnoitre Dobbin Bay, the
head of which is uncharted, returning three days later. During this
trip the first real snowstorm of the season occurred, five and a half
inches falling.
September 12th, one-third of my provisions, an ample year’s
supply for the entire party, was landed at Cape D’Urville, my
Eskimos sledging loads of 700 to 1,000 pounds over the young ice.
The night of the 13th the temperature dropped to –10° F., and all
hope of further advance was at an end. September 15th the boiler
was blown off and preparations for winter commenced.
On the 17th I broached my plans for the winter campaign, as
follows:
The autumn work was simple enough and outlined itself. It
comprised two items: the securing of a winter’s supply of fresh
meat and the survey of the Buchanan-Strait-Hayes-Sound-
Princess-Marie-Bay region. In spite of the peculiarly desolate
character of that part of the Grinnell Land coast immediately
about the Windward, and the apparent utter absence of animal
life, I felt confident of accomplishing the former. Various
reconnoissances thus far, on the north shore of Princess Marie
Bay, had given me little encouragement, but I knew that the
Eskimos had killed one or two musk-oxen, in years past, on Bache
Island, and that region looked favourable for them. As regarded
the survey, a presentiment that I must begin it at the earliest
moment had led me to make attempts to reach the head of
Princess Marie Bay.
As to the spring campaign, I proposed to utilise the winter
moons in pushing supplies to Fort Conger, to move my party to
that station early in February, and on the return of the sun start
from there as a base and make my attempt on the Pole via Cape
Hecla. I might succeed in spite of the low latitude of my starting
point, and, in any event, could reach the ship again before the ice
broke up, with thorough knowledge of the coast and conditions to
the north.
September 18th, I left the ship with two sledges and my two
best Eskimos, with provisions for twelve days for a reconnoissance
of Princess Marie Bay. September 20th I reached the head of a
small fiord running southwest from near the head of Princess
Marie Bay, and found a narrow neck of land, about three miles
wide, separating it from a branch of Buchanan “Strait.” Bache
“Island” of the chart is, therefore, a peninsula and not an island.
From a commanding peak in the neighbourhood I could see that
both arms of Buchanan “Strait” ended about south of my position;
that the “strait” is in reality a bay, and that Hayes Sound does not
exist. On the 21st and 22d I penetrated the arms of Princess Marie
Bay, designated as Sawyer and Woodward bays on the charts, and
demonstrated them to be entirely closed.
September 23d, while entering a little bight about midway of
the north shore of Bache Peninsula, I came upon two bears. These
my dogs chased ashore and held at bay until I could come up and
kill them.
September 25th, I crossed Bache Peninsula on foot with my
two men, from Bear Camp to the intersection of the northern and
southern arms of Buchanan Bay. Here we found numerous walrus,
and could command the southern arm to the large glacier at its
head. Comparatively recent musk-ox tracks convinced me of the
presence of musk-oxen on the peninsula. The next day I returned
to the Windward to refit and start for Buchanan Bay via Victoria
Head and Cape Albert in the quest of walrus and musk-oxen.
Henson, in a reconnoissance northward during my absence, had
been unable to get more than a few miles beyond Cape Louis
Napoleon, the sea ice and the ice-foot being alike impracticable. A
day or two after my return I started him off to try it again.