Becoming a Member of Society

Introduction

Our membership to society is not comparable to acquiring membership to an organization or

association. This is because, it requires total commitment to the roles, tasks, and expectations it puts on
our shoulders as bona fide members. These roles, tasks, and expectations define not only our
membership but our own selves and identities. In other words, we become what society asks us to be.

LESSONS

•Enculturation and Socialization Social Control, Conformity and Deviance

LESSON 1

Enculturation and Socialization

Lesson Objectives

Identify the context, content, processes, and

consequences enculturation of socialization and

• Explain the development of the self as a product of socialization and enculturation Analyze the role of

groups and institutions as agents of social control ⚫ Construct a cognitive map of the agents of
socialization and their unique role in the

development of the social self

Think about this.

A human mind at birth is nothing but a blank slate, or tabula rasa.

-John Locke

Introduction

•Self is a product of social process

•Self emerges from social interaction such as socialization and enculturation.

What is Socialization and Enculturation?

SOCIALIZATION

It refers to a lifelong experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture.

Socialization

⚫Agents of socialization: family, friends,

school, socio-civic group, interest group It is culturally specific: people in different cultures are socialized
differently to hold different beliefs and values and to behave in different ways.

Socialization

Socialization generally refers to the process of social influence through which a person acquires the
culture or subculture of his/group, and in the course of acquiring these cultural elements, the
individual's self and personality are shaped.
Socialization

•Socialization is very important to the life process of an individual because it enables a person to learn
the different cultural languages, norms, values, and one's role in the society in order to fit the group.

ENCULTURATION

It is the process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire values
and behaviors appropriate or necessary in that culture.

Enculturation

•Enculturation can be defined as the process of learning with the help of which an individual grasps the
rules, norms, and values of a particular culture or society of which he/she is a part of.

Enculturation

Learning means understanding and

acquiring the traditional content of the culture observing the other members of the society, such as
parents, family, teachers, friends, acquaintances, relatives, etc., getting instructions from elders, and
experiencing things as they take place

Three Goals of Socialization

1. Socialization teaches impulse control and helps individuals develop conscience.

2. Socialization teaches individuals how to prepare for and perform certain roles.

3. Socialization cultivates shared sources of meaning and value.

IDENTITIES AND IDENTITY FORMATION

Identity Formation

It is the development of an individual's distinct personality which is regarded as a persisting entity in a

particular stage of life by which a person is recognized of known.

Identities

•Cultural identity-one's feeling of identity or affiliation with a group or

culture.

Mental Physical Ability

Gender

Culture Identity

Ethnic identity-the identification with a certain ethnicity

Sexual orientation
SES stutus/

> Identities

•National identity-an ethical or philosophical concept whereby all humans are divided into groups called
nations.

•Religious identity-set of beliefs and practices generally held by individual.

NORMS and VALUES

Types of Social Norms

Folkway Norm that stems from and organizes casual interactions

Taboo

More

Norm that structures the difference between right and wrong

Law

Strong negative norm; violating it results in extreme disgust

Norm that is formally inscribed at the state or federal level

Folkways

• Refer to norms for routine and casual interaction

Mores

Refer to norms that are widely observed and have greater moral significance

•Morally right

Laws

Norms that are codified into law

Regulate and control the people behavior and conduct

Taboo

• Strong negative norm; violating it results in extreme disgust

VALUES

•These are culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful,
and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.

4 Basic Filipino Values 1. Emotional closeness and security

in a family 2. Approval from authority and of

society

3. Economic and social betterment

4. Patience, endurance, and suffering

Status and Roles

Status

⚫It refers to a social position that a

person holds. A person's status can either be

ascribed or achieved.

•Status set refers to all the statuses a person holds.

Ascribed Status

It is a social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily in life.

Ex:
-a son

-a teenager

-a Filipino

-a widower

Ascribed Status

It is a social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily in life.

Ex:

-a son

-a Filipino

-a teenager

-a widower

Role

It refers to the behavior expected of someone who holds particular status.

Role Strain and Role Conflict

Role strain arises when conflicting expectations are built into a single status. Role conflict occurs when
conflicting expectations arise from two or more statuses that an individual occupies

Social Control, Conformity and Deviance

To act in certain way

Social Control and Conformity

People's interaction or influence

Acceptable act or manner

Social Control and Conformity

Agreeable behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions or standards

Social Sanctions

Given to a person who violates the behavioral norms of their society

Formal Sanctions

SOCIAL SANCTIONS

Supported by

document and law

-fine

-imprisonment
-death

Examples

•Social distancing and wearing of

face mask ordinance

•Curfew

⚫Jaywalking

⚫Thou shall not commit any crimes

Informal Sanctions

-disapproval

-ridicule

-gossip

-deprivation

Examples
Do not wear pure black on any wedding celebration

A certain religion that prohibits

eating of blood

Teenage pregnancy No to more than one intimate relationship at the same time

DEVIANCE

Behavior that violates established social norms

Nonconformity or a behavior that departs significantly from social expectations

ENTER!

NO ENTRY

EILE DUATA CALIDTERVIDE ADE CON NEWC

DEVIANCE

NOT always negative

Creating differences is

making INNOVATION

Inventors/ discovers are deviant genius

Robert K. Merton's Deviance Typology

Conformity

Accept the goals, Accept the means

Example:

A typical student who enjoys his class and comply with requirements without complaining

Ritualism

Reject the goals, Accept the means

⚫ Example:

A student who is not really

willing to learn but he

wants to graduate

Innovation

Accept the goals, Reject the means

Example:

New normal education Online class, modular learning

Retreatism

Reject the goals,

Reject the means

⚫ Example:

A kid who doesn't want to

learn and comply with

requirements yet enrolled.

Rebellion
Might be accepting or rejecting the goals

and/or the means

Example:

Getting out of the system