Fernando Amorsolo, a renowned Filipino painter, Hukbalahap.

He organized labor unions

was celebrated for his vivid depictions of landscapes, Carlos "Botong" Francisco (1912- and led significant labor strikes in the
rural life, and portraits. Born in 1892 in Manila, he was 1969), a distinguished Filipino muralist, post-war period. However, in 1950, he
the eldest of five children and displayed artistic talent was a pioneer of Filipino modernist art, was arrested on suspicion of being a
from a young age, nurtured by his musically gifted breaking away from the romanticism of communist leader, leading to a high-
parents. He received formal art education at the Liceo de his contemporary Fernando Amorsolo. profile legal case. While in prison, he
Manila and later at the University of the Philippines Known for his historical mural paintings, wrote notable works, including "Isang
School of Fine Arts. Amorsolo was noted for his use of he utilized a distinctive linear style, Dipang Langit," "Bayang Malaya," "Luha
vibrant colors, often capturing the radiant hues of the creating artworks where lines and ng Buwaya," and "Mga Ibong
Philippine sun in his romanticized portrayals of local life contours resembled cutouts. Beyond his Mandaragit." After five years of
and culture. His famous painting "Mango Gatherers" set artistic contributions, he served as the imprisonment, he was acquitted in a
an auction record with a sale price of $882,252. Among production designer for the 1961 film landmark legal decision. Hernandez
his other notable works are "The Rice Planting," adaptation of José Rizal's "Noli Me continued to write and teach, receiving
"Afternoon Meal of the Rice Workers," and "La Barca de Tángere" and was responsible for the posthumous honors, including the title of
Aqueronte." He married Maria Cueto in 1912 and had 14 discovery of the renowned Angono National Artist for Literature in 1973.
children. Amorsolo passed away in 1972 at the age of Petroglyphs. His notable murals, such
80, leaving behind a lasting legacy as one of the most as "Blood Compact," "First Mass at Antonio Jesús Naguiat Molina (1894-
influential Filipino artists in history. Limasawa," and "The Martyrdom of 1980) was a Filipino composer,
Rizal," have left a lasting mark on conductor, and music administrator,
Francisca Reyes-Aquino (1899-1983) was a Filipino art, even though some have honored as a National Artist of the
celebrated Filipino folk dancer and researcher suffered damage over the years. Botong Philippines for his significant
known for her work on Philippine folk dance. Francisco's legacy in modernist art contributions to music. He earned the
She conducted extensive research on folk endures, with his murals on display in nickname "Claude Debussy of the
dances and songs, traveling to remote villages various institutions, and he is Philippines" for his use of impressionist
in the early 1920s to document and preserve remembered as a significant figure in themes in his compositions. Born in
these cultural traditions. Her 1926 thesis, Philippine artistic history. Quiapo, Manila, Molina was the son of
"Philippine Folk Dances and Games," was a Juan Molina, who founded the Molina
significant contribution to the understanding of Amado Vera Hernandez (1903-1970) Orchestra. He pursued education at the
local celebrations and rituals. Reyes-Aquino was a prominent Filipino writer and labor Escuela Catolica de Nuestro Padre
authored instructional books on popular Filipino leader known for his criticism of social Jesus Nazareno and San Juan De
folk dances and played a pivotal role in injustices in the Philippines. He initially Letran, where he earned a Bachelor of
introducing folk dance education in schools. Her gained recognition for his writings in Arts degree. Molina began composing in
work was recognized with awards, including the Tagalog newspapers and became an 1912, and his works were often inspired
Republic Award of Merit, and she was editor at a young age. Hernandez was a by literature, with a particular fondness
designated a National Artist of the Philippines member of the literary society Aklatang for Ruben Daria's "La Novia Muerta." He
for Dance. Reyes-Aquino also contributed to the Bayan, where he associated with had a prolific career with over 500
inclusion of physical education in the American notable writers. In 1932, he married the compositions and taught music at
school curriculum. Filipino actress Atang de la Rama, and institutions like the UP Conservatory of
both later became National Artists. Music. Molina's contributions to music
During World War II, Hernandez joined education were notable, and he passed
the resistance movement and developed away in 1980 at the age of 85.
sympathies with the communist
Juan Felipe de Jesús Nakpil (1899-1986) was Philippines, renowned as a National Artist Philippines for Literature in 1973. He
a Filipino architect, teacher, and community for his contributions to sculpture. Born in introduced innovative poetic techniques
leader, honored as a National Artist for his Malolos, Bulacan, he displayed artistic such as the "reversed consonance rhyme
significant contributions to architecture. Known talent from a young age and went on to scheme" and the use of abundant
as the "Dean of Filipino Architects," he studied study at the University of the Philippines' punctuation, particularly commas, earning
engineering at the University of California and School of Fine Arts. Tolentino's early him the nickname "the Comma Poet."
later pursued architecture in France. His illustration, "Grupo de Filipinos Ilustres," Beginning as a student in the Philippines,
architectural career included notable works like gained popularity in the 20th century, Villa's writing journey led him to the
the San Carlos Seminary, Geronimo de los showcasing prominent Filipinos. He United States, where he gained
Reyes Building, and Iglesia ni Cristo Riverside graduated in 1915 with a degree in Fine recognition for his unique style and works.
Locale. Nakpil was a key figure in the Arts and later became a professor at the His legacy endures as a powerful
development of modern architecture in the university. His most famous work is the influence on Filipino and Asian American
Philippines alongside fellow architects Andres Bonifacio Monument, created through literature, with his poems and
Luna de San Pedro, Fernando Ocampo, and interviews with Philippine Revolution unconventional approach continuing to be
Pablo Antonio. He was also involved in participants. He also sculpted the iconic celebrated and studied in the literary
education, co-establishing the Philippine Oblation statue for the University of the world.
College of Design in 1941. Nakpil received the Philippines. Throughout his career,
title of National Artist for Architecture in 1973. Tolentino created numerous monuments, Napoleon "Billy" Veloso Abueva , known
He was involved in a landmark legal case smaller sculptures, and even designed as the "Father of Modern Philippine
regarding damages from a fortuitous event. medals and the Philippine Republic's seal. Sculpture," was born in 1930 and became
Nakpil's family played a significant role in His significant awards include the the youngest recipient of the National
Philippine society, with his sons joining him in UNESCO Cultural Award in Sculpture and Artist for Sculpture award in 1976. He was
the family architectural firm, and his daughters the title of National Artist for Sculpture in born in Tagbilaran, Bohol, and his birth
achieving recognition in various fields, including 1973. Tolentino passed away in 1976 and name was Esabelio Veloso Abueva, which
politics and beauty pageants. He passed away was buried in the Libingan ng mga Bayani. he changed to Napoleon after being called
in 1986 and was buried at the Manila North His works and memorabilia are displayed so by a nun at the age of six. Abueva
Cemetery. at the National Museum of Fine Arts, studied fine arts and sculpture at the
alongside those of other Filipino artists University of the Philippines, where he
from the 20th century, particularly pieces was mentored by National Artist Guillermo
related to Jose Rizal in Gallery V of the Tolentino. He pursued advanced studies
museum. abroad and had a successful career as a
sculptor. His works were exhibited
internationally, and he received numerous
awards and recognition for his
contributions to sculpture. Abueva passed
away in 2018 at the age of 88.

Guillermo Estrella Tolentino (1890-1976) José García Villa (1908-1997) was aLamberto Vera Avellana (1915-1991) , a
was a distinguished Filipino sculptor and renowned Filipino poet and writer,notable Filipino film and stage director,
professor at the University of the celebrated as the National Artist of the achieved international recognition for his films
"Anak Dalita" and "Badjao" despite limited Leonor Orosa-Goquingco passed away titles of "The First Lady of Philippine
budgets in the post-war Filipino film industry. He in 2005, leaving a lasting legacy in Music" and the first female national
was honored as the first National Artist of the Philippine arts and culture. artist in music in 1976. She passed
Philippines for Film by President Ferdinand away in 1978 at the age of 83, leaving
Marcos in 1976. Avellana started his career with Nicomedes "Nick" Marquez Joaquin behind a lasting legacy in the world of
the film "Sakay" in 1939, known for its realism (1917-2004), a prominent Filipino writer music.
and portrayal of Macario Sakay, an early 20th- and journalist, was born in 1917 in
century Filipino revolutionary. Over his six- Manila. His literary journey began with Victorio Candido Edades (1895-1985)
decade career, he directed more than 70 films. an early love of reading and writing, and was a prominent Filipino painter and a
"Anak Dalita" depicted post-World War II he went on to become a prolific writer key figure in the Thirteen Moderns, a
Filipino poverty, and "Badjao" told a love story and influential figure in Philippine group of artists who challenged
set in Mindanao. His contributions to Filipino literature. Joaquin's works often traditional art in the Philippines. He's
cinema remain significant, even though his explored themes of nostalgia, church known as the "father of Modern
reputation has been overshadowed by later rituals, legends, and the interplay Philippine art." Edades studied in the
directors such as Lino Brocka and Ishmael between Christianity and pagan United States, where he was influenced
Bernal. Avellana passed away in 1991 at the traditions in the Philippines. He was also by modern European artists. He returned
age of 76. known for his deep insights into Filipino to the Philippines in 1928 and held a
culture and identity. Nick Joaquin's groundbreaking solo exhibit, featuring
Leonor Orosa-Goquingco (1917-2005) , a contributions to English letters and works like "The Builders," which
renowned Filipino national artist in creative literary journalism significantly raised depicted gritty, distorted figures in
dance, was a multifaceted artist known for her the quality of journalism in the earthy tones, defying the classical
contributions to various art forms. Born in 1917, Philippines. His influential career, norms of the time. His art introduced a
she excelled in piano, art, design, sculpture, marked by numerous awards and new way of thinking about art as an
acting, directing, and choreography. Her artistic honors, has left an enduring impact on expression of the artist's emotions and
career included writing under the pen name the country's literary and cultural perspective, rather than mere
Cristina Luna and pioneering innovative landscape. representation. He also played a
approaches to dance. She had an extensive significant role in education, notably
educational background and also studied in the Jovita Flores Fuentes (1895-1978) , organizing the UST Department of
United States. In 1939, she became the sole born in 1895 in Capiz (now Roxas City), Architecture. His legacy lies in his
dancer in the first cultural mission to Japan. Philippines, was a talented soprano transformative influence on Philippine
Goquingco choreographed groundbreaking singer. Her early passion for music led art, breaking free from convention, and
works like "The Elements" and "Trend: Return to her to the University of the Philippines his commitment to genuine artistic
the Native." She founded the Filipinescas Dance Conservatory of Music in 1917, and expression.
Company and toured the world, contributing to later, she pursued further studies in
contemporary Philippine folkloric dance. She Italy. In 1925, she made her debut as Pablo S. Antonio, Sr. (1901-1975) was
was also a respected writer and critic, with Cio-Cio-San in Puccini's "Madame a pioneering Filipino architect known for
works published internationally. Among her Butterfly" in Italy, marking the beginning his contributions to modern Philippine
notable awards, she received the National Artist of her illustrious career, which included architecture. Despite facing early
for Dance honor in 1976. notable roles in operas like "La hardships and having dropped out of
Bohème," "Iris," and "Salome." Fuentes school, he pursued architectural studies
later became an instructor. Her in London with the support of engineer
remarkable contributions earned her the Ramon Arevalo. Antonio's career took off
 with projects like the Ideal Theater in to commemorate his legacy. Manansala passed figure in international relations and
Manila in 1933. He gained recognition away in 1981 due to lung cancer, leaving behind diplomacy.
for his work on the Far Eastern remarkable artistic legacy that continues
University (FEU) campus, characterized inspire. Gerardo de León (1913-1981) , a
by Art Deco architecture, which received Filipino film director and actor, made a
UNESCO recognition for cultural Carlos Pena Romulo Sr. (1899-1985) significant mark on Philippine cinema
heritage conservation. Antonio's was a prominent Filipino diplomat, and was posthumously honored as a
designs, such as the White Cross statesman, soldier, journalist, and National Artist of the Philippines for Film
Orphanage and Manila Polo Club, author with a remarkable career that in 1982. Despite beginning his career as
demonstrated a departure from spanned across various fields. He began a medical doctor, his deep passion for
prevailing neoclassical styles, his career as a reporter at the young film led him to act in and eventually
emphasizing simplicity, clean lines, and age of 16 and rapidly rose to become a direct movies. During World War II, he
adaptability to the tropical climate. His newspaper editor and publisher. Romulo was involved in producing anti-American
architectural philosophy focused on was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of propaganda films in collaboration with
stability and functionality. In 1976, he the Philippines and served as a general Japanese forces, but he later faced
was honored as a National Artist of the in both the US Army and the Philippine treason charges, which were ultimately
Philippines, only the second architect to Army. He was a professor, university dropped when evidence emerged of his
receive this distinction. He passed away president, and held the prestigious secret support for the Filipino
on June 14, 1975, in Manila. position of President of the United resistance. De León was a highly
Nations General Assembly. Throughout acclaimed director and received multiple
Vicente Silva Manansala (1910-1981) , a his life, he championed anti-colonialism awards, including seven Best Director
pioneering Filipino cubist painter and illustrator, and internationalism while maintaining accolades at the Filipino Academy of
is recognized for his role as one of the early pro-American, anti-communist, anti- Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS)
Abstractionists in the Philippines, effectively fascist, and politically liberal beliefs. His Awards. Some of his cult horror classics
bridging the gap between rural and urban life, extensive diplomatic career included from the 1960s continue to be
embodying the cultural shifts brought about by roles as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs celebrated by fans of the genre. He
American influence. He was part of the for the Philippines, the Philippine passed away in 1981, leaving a
influential Cruz, Manansala, Lopez family and Representative to the United States and profound impact on Philippine cinema.
received education both in the Philippines and the United Nations, and as the Resident
abroad, studying in Canada and France. Commissioner to the U.S. House of Atang de la Rama (1902-1991) , known
Manansala's artwork poignantly depicted the Representatives during the as the "Queen of the Kundiman and of
coexistence of rural and urban experiences, Commonwealth era. Romulo was known the Sarsuela," was a pioneering Filipino
notably capturing the transformation of for his strong advocacy of human rights, singer, bodabil performer, and the first
countryside inhabitants into urban shanty freedom, and decolonization. He was Filipina film actress. She began her
dwellers in "Madonna of the Slums." He was also nominated for the Nobel Peace career at a young age, starring in
known for developing a unique style of Prize in 1952. In addition to his political zarzuelas and sarsuelas and becoming
transparent cubism, overlaying delicate tones, career, he was an accomplished author famous for her rendition of "Nabasag na
shapes, and patterns. His significant influence and received numerous honors, awards, Banga." Atang played a crucial role in
extended to fellow Filipino neo-realists. His and honorary degrees throughout his promoting the kundiman and sarsuela
artworks are held in public collections lifetime. Romulo passed away in 1985 during the American occupation of the
worldwide, and Holy Angel University has and was remembered as a significant Philippines, using these art forms to
dedicated "The Vicente Manansala Collection" address contemporary Filipino issues.
 She contributed significantly to the Philippines for his outstanding contributions to contributions to Philippine music. Raised
success of original Filipino sarsuelasthe country's music. Buenaventura passed away in a family with a strong musical
and dramas, and she was also a in 1996 at the age of 91, leaving a lasting background, Kasilag's early exposure to
theatrical producer, writer, and talentlegacy in Filipino music. music led her to pursue a career in the
manager. Atang believed in making art Lucrecia Faustino Reyes-Urtula (1929- arts. She excelled academically,
accessible to everyone, performing in 1999) was a highly influential figure in graduating valedictorian and later cum
various venues and introducing Filipino the world of dance and culture in the laude with degrees in English and
culture to indigenous peoples and Philippines. She was the founder of the Music. During World War II, she
foreign audiences. In 1987, she was Bayanihan Philippine National Folk ventured into composition and later
proclaimed a National Artist of the Dance Company and was honored as the traveled to the United States for
Philippines for Theater and Music by National Artist of the Philippines for advanced music studies. Despite a
President Corazon C. Aquino in dance in 1988. Reyes dedicated her congenital hand condition that ended her
recognition of her devotion to original career to bridging the gap between performing career, Kasilag made
Filipino theater, outstanding artistry as a traditional Filipino folk dance and substantial cultural contributions. She
singer and actress, and her efforts to theater, adapting indigenous dance founded the Bayanihan Folk Arts Center,
share her art with different sectors of traditions for the modern stage. Her worked closely with the Bayanihan
society. Atang de la Rama passed away innovative choreography and stage Philippine Dance Company, and held
in 1991 and was married to National adaptations of tribal dances gained leadership positions in various arts and
Artist for Literature, Amado V. international recognition and enriched music organizations. Over her lifetime,
Hernandez. the cultural heritage of the Philippines. she composed more than 350 musical
Reyes was passionate about works, ranging from folk songs to
Antonino Buenaventura (1904-1996) was a documenting and preserving tribal and operas, leaving an indelible mark on
Filipino composer, conductor, and teacher who ethnic dances, believing they held Philippine music. Kasilag passed away
made significant contributions to the country's immense cultural value. She traveled in 2008, leaving a lasting legacy as a
musical heritage. Born into a family of extensively, studying dance and culture National Artist of the Philippines. Her
musicians, Buenaventura studied under in places like San Francisco, Los notable works include operas,
renowned composer Nicanor Abelardo at the Angeles, and Japan. Her works, such as concertos, choral music, orchestral
University of the Philippines Diliman "Singkil," "Vinta," and "Salidsid," compositions, and chamber music, which
Conservatory of Music. He graduated in 1932 showcased the diversity of Philippine showcased her diverse creative talents.
and later became an assistant instructor at the culture and were celebrated globally She received numerous awards and
Conservatory. His post-graduate studies in through the Bayanihan Dance honors recognizing her remarkable
composition were under Jenő Takács. Company's performances. Reyes was contributions to the arts and culture in
Buenaventura's compositions were influenced also an author, teacher, and received the Philippines.
by various ethnic Philippine folksongs, and he numerous awards and honors for her
conducted research on Filipino folksongs and contributions to Filipino culture and the Francisco "Franz" Arcellana (1916-
dances with Francisca Reyes-Aquino. His music preservation of traditional dance. Her 2002) was a highly influential Filipino
often incorporated ethnic melodies and legacy lives on in the world of Filipino writer and National Artist of the
instruments. He served as the conductor of the dance and culture. Philippines in Literature. He played a
Philippine Constabulary Band, and later became pivotal role in shaping modern Filipino
the music director of the UST Conservatory of Lucrecia Roces Kasilag (1918-2008) short stories in English, giving them a
Music and the UE School of Music and Arts. In was a renowned Filipino composer and lyrical and poetic dimension. Arcellana
1988, he was honored as a National Artist of the pianist known for her pioneering won numerous awards, including
 recognition from the Don Carlos Palanca artist, and interior designer who gained World War II Philippines and showcasing
Memorial Awards and the Unyon ng mga recognition for his innovative the country's natural beauty with vibrant
Manunulat sa Pilipino (UMPIL). His architectural designs marked by the use colors. He is noted for pioneering a
contributions to literature were of concrete, floating volumes, and unique abstract style inspired by
celebrated with a doctorate in humane minimalist aesthetics. He was honored Philippine flora and fauna, capturing
letters from the University of the as a National Artist of the Philippines for elements like sunshine and rain, while
Philippines, and he was proclaimed a Architecture in 1990. After an early his works conveyed a sense of
National Artist of the Philippines in education that included stints in music movement and mutation. His literary
1990. His writing legacy continues to be and law, Locsin shifted to architecture contributions and international art
studied and revered in the Philippines, and developed a successful career. He exhibitions further underscore his
with his books such as "Selected designed numerous noteworthy significant impact on Filipino culture.
Stories" and "Poetry and Politics" structures, including the Church of the Ocampo's remarkable achievements
leaving a lasting mark on Philippine Holy Sacrifice, which was the first culminated in various awards, and he
literature. circular church with a thin-shell concrete passed away in Caloocan at the age of
dome in the Philippines. He also created 67.
Cesar Torrente Legaspi (1917-1994) was a iconic buildings such as the Theater of
renowned Filipino National Artist in painting Performing Arts (Tanghalang Pambansa) Lucio Diestro San Pedro, Sr. (1913-
known for his works that depicted the anguish at the Cultural Center of the Philippines, 2002) was a distinguished Filipino
and dehumanization of beggars and laborers in Folk Arts Theater, and the Philippine composer and music educator who was
the city, particularly during the 1940s to 1960s. International Convention Center. designated a National Artist of the
His art was characterized by a social Additionally, he left his mark on various Philippines for Music in 1991. He is
expressionism that reconstituted the unfeeling hotels, commercial buildings, and renowned for his significant
geometric forms of cubism into emotionally interior designs. Locsin's distinctive contributions to Filipino regional band
charged and rhythmic compositions. Born in architectural style incorporated music and his compositions, which
Tondo, Manila, he initially studied painting at cantilevered structures and floating include the famous Filipino lullaby "Sa
the University of the Philippines before forms. His legacy endures through his Ugoy ng Duyan" and the symphonic
transitioning to commercial art. Legaspi contributions to the country's poem "Lahing Kayumanggi." San Pedro
continued to refine his skills through various architectural landscape and cultural hailed from a musically inclined family
studies in Madrid and Paris. He had an heritage. and began his career early as a church
extensive career that included international organist and composer. He received
exhibitions and was a prominent figure in the Hernando Ruiz Ocampo (1911-1978) , a training in advanced composition,
Neo-Realist movement. His major works Filipino National Artist in the visual arts harmony, and orchestration, further
included "Man and Woman" (1945) and and a versatile creative talent in honing his musical expertise. Apart from
"Gadgets" (1947). Legaspi passed away in 1994 literature and television, was a his musical pursuits, he was a dedicated
due to prostate cancer and left a lasting legacy prominent figure in the radical modernist educator, teaching at various music
in the world of Philippine art. He is portrayed by art movement in the Philippines. His conservatories and the University of the
Ian Veneracion in an episode of the anthology association with groups like the Philippines, Diliman. President Corazon
series "Maalaala Mo Kaya" titled "Portrait" Saturday Group and the Thirteen C. Aquino conferred upon him the title of
(2018). Moderns, founded by Victorio C. National Artist in 1991 for his
Edades, marked his legacy. Ocampo's outstanding contributions to music in the
Leandro Valencia Locsin (1928-1994) artworks struck a balance between Philippines. San Pedro's philosophy of
was a prominent Filipino architect, depicting the harsh realities of post- "creative nationalism" in his
 compositions aimed to capture the Japanese occupation, and he received pursued an M.F.A. degree in Creative
essence of Filipino identity and uplift the numerous accolades during his career, Writing: Poetry from the University of
virtues and aspirations of the masses. culminating in his recognition as a National Iowa. He made notable contributions to
He passed away in 2002 at the age of Artist of the Philippines in 1997. both English and Tagalog poetry and
89, leaving behind a legacy of theater. He helped modernize Filipino
remarkable musical works and Wilfrido María Guerrero (1910-1995) , a literature, translating Western classics
pedagogical influence. prominent Filipino playwright, director, into Tagalog and advocating for the
and theater artist, made significant Filipino language. Tinio's work included
Lino Brocka (1939-1991) was a highly contributions to Philippine theater. Born translating works of Sophocles,
influential Filipino film director known for his in 1910, he wrote over 100 plays, many Shakespeare, Ibsen, Chekhov, Puccini,
impactful contributions to Philippine cinema. He of which were published in various and Verdi into Tagalog. He received
co-founded the Concerned Artists of the anthologies. Guerrero's work focused on multiple awards for his contributions to
Philippines (CAP) and the Free the Artist Filipino identity and culture, and he the arts and was made a National Artist
Movement and was part of the Coalition for the influenced several notable figures in of the Philippines for Theater and
Restoration of Democracy. His notable films Philippine performing arts. He started Literature in 1997. His legacy continues
include "Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang" (1974), his career as a writer and later became to influence Filipino literature and
"Maynila sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag" (1975), the director of the Dramatic Club at the theater, and he played a significant role
"Insiang" (1976), "Bayan Ko: Kapit sa Patalim" University of the Philippines. Guerrero's in promoting and advancing the Filipino
(1984), and "Orapronobis" (1989). Despite his plays have been performed not only in language in the arts. Tragically, he
tragic death in a car accident in 1991, he was the Philippines but also abroad, marking passed away in 1997 due to a heart
posthumously honored as the National Artist of his international recognition. He was attack, leaving behind a rich body of
the Philippines for Film. He was also recognized honored with multiple awards during his work.
as a human rights victim during the Martial Law lifetime and had a theater named after
era. Brocka's work, both in filmmaking and him at the University of the Philippines, Levi Celerio (1910-2002) , a celebrated
activism, left a profound impact on Philippine the Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero Theater. Filipino composer and lyricist, became a
society and culture. Guerrero's writing career began in his National Artist for Music and Literature
youth, and his favorite aunt played a in 1997 for his immense contribution to
Felipe Padilla de León (1912-1992) was a pivotal role in nurturing his talent. Filipino music and culture. Born in 1910,
distinguished Filipino classical music composer Throughout his life, he received several his early life was influenced by his
known for his influential role in promoting national awards and made a lasting mother's musical talents, and he
Filipino nationalism through his compositions. impact on the Philippines' theatrical developed a remarkable aptitude for the
Despite a challenging early life marked by landscape. violin before transitioning to songwriting.
various odd jobs to support his family, he Over his illustrious career, he penned
pursued a career in music, studying both in the Rolando Santos Tinio (1937-1997) was over 4,000 songs, notably Christmas
Philippines and at the Juilliard School in New a renowned Filipino poet, dramatist, classics like "Ang Pasko ay Sumapit,"
York. De León's music was integral to the director, actor, critic, essayist, and leaving an indelible mark on Filipino
"Filipinism" cultural movement during the educator, honored as a Philippine music. Celerio's unique ability to play
Commonwealth period, where he and other National Artist for Theater and music with a leaf earned him recognition
artists aimed to foster Filipino identity by Literature. Born in 1937 in Manila, Tinio in the Guinness Book of World Records
incorporating folk elements into their had a diverse career spanning writing, and saved him from harm during World
compositions. His works reflected the acting, directing, and designing. He War II. He also dabbled in acting and
Philippines' historical context, including the graduated with honors in Philosophy and made guest appearances on
 international TV shows. Hisart galleries. He passed away on May 26, 2021, from the University of Wisconsin at
contributions continue to be celebrated, at the age of 94. Madison. Notably, he authored an early
making him an iconic figure in Filipino biography of Jose Rizal titled "The Great
cultural history. Malayan" in 1940, along with works on
Philippine history, President Manuel
Néstor Vicente Madali González (1915-1999) , José Montserrat Maceda (1917-2004) , Quezon, and painter Damian Domingo.
a renowned Filipino novelist, short story writer, a distinguished Filipino During World War II, Quirino served in
essayist, and poet, was named the National ethnomusicologist and composer, was the Philippine Army, surviving the
Artist of the Philippines for Literature in 1997. named a National Artist of the Bataan Death March and joining the
Born in 1915, he was raised in Mansalay, Philippines for Music in 1998. He began underground resistance. He later
Oriental Mindoro, and showed early promise as his musical journey by studying piano, became the director of the National
a musician, playing the violin and even crafting composition, and musical analysis in Library under President Diosdado
his own guitars. Although he attended the France and later pursued musicology Macapagal and was the first director of
National University in Manila, he did not and anthropology at universities in the the Ayala Museum in 1970. In 1997, he
complete his undergraduate degree. González United States. Maceda conducted was honored as a National Artist of the
wrote for several publications and became a extensive fieldwork on the ethnic music Philippines for Historical Literature.
prominent figure in the Philippine writing of the Philippines and was also involved Carlos Quirino passed away on May 20,
community. His contributions to literature in musique concrète. He earned a 1999, at the age of 89. Known for his
include novels like "The Winds of April" and "A doctorate in ethnomusicology from UCLA liberal writing style, Quirino's
Season of Grace," numerous short stories, in 1963. His compositions encompassed biographies featured storytelling and a
essays, and poetry collections. González a wide range of works, from pieces for conversational approach, as seen in his
passed away in 1999, leaving a lasting legacy Southeast Asian instruments to biography of Jose Rizal, "The Great
as a literary icon and recipient of various compositions for Western orchestra and Malayan." His notable works include
awards and honors, including the title of piano. Notably, he collected audio "Man of Destiny," "Philippine
National Artist. recordings of traditional music from Cartography," "History of the Philippine
various populations in the Philippines, Sugar Industry," and more.
Arturo Rogerio Dimayuga Luz (1926-2021) , a Malaysia, and Indonesia, which were
prominent Filipino visual artist, was a significant recognized as a UNESCO Memory of the Jeremias "Jerry" Elizalde Navarro
figure in the modern Neo-realist school of World in 2007. José Maceda passed (1924-1999) was a Filipino artist known
Philippine art. He received the prestigious away on May 5, 2004, in Quezon City, for his passionate and experimental
Philippine National Artist Award in 1997 for his Philippines. approach to various art media, including
contributions to the arts. Luz studied art at oil, acrylic, watercolor, sculpture, and
various institutions, including the University of Carlos Quirino (1910-1990) was a mixed media. He innovatively employed
Santo Tomas in Manila and schools in prominent Filipino biographer and the "incision painting" technique, carving
California, New York, and Paris. His early historian, known for his extensive works patterns into stone materials and
career was marked by numerous awards and on various subjects, including layering paint or plaster on the surface.
recognition for his artwork. He was known for biographies, history, old maps of the Navarro began his artistic journey at the
producing minimalist, geometric abstract pieces Philippines, and the country's culinary University of the Philippines, Manila,
that reflected an aspiration for Asian modernity. heritage. Born on January 14, 1910, in and later transferred to the University of
Additionally, Luz served as the first director of Manila, he was the nephew of Philippine Santo Tomas, where he majored in
the Metropolitan Museum of Manila from 1976 to President Elpidio Quirino. Carlos Quirino painting and graduated with a Bachelor
1986 and played a key role in professionalizing earned his journalism degree in 1931 of Arts in 1951. He also worked as an
 art editor for the university newspaper, and "Abide, Joshua, and Other Stories," Tomas, where he earned a music degree
The Varsitarian. Navarro's wife, Virginia have left a significant mark on Philippine in piano and cello, to a master's degree
Ty-Navarro, was a sculptor. He achieved literature. Together with her husband, from Sta. Isabel College in Manila. He
international recognition through various Edilberto K. Tiempo, she founded and was a cellist with orchestras like the
exhibits and representations, including directed the Silliman National Writers Manila Symphony Orchestra and the
participation in events like the São Workshop, contributing to the Filipino Youth Symphony Orchestra and
Paulo Biennale in Brazil and the development of some of the Philippines' played a pivotal role in the music
Biennale de art Graphiques in finest writers. Her literary contributions, industry. Some of his well-known
Czechoslovakia. In 1980, he became the recognized with numerous awards, have compositions include "Bato sa
first Filipino artist to be represented at solidified her legacy in the world of Buhangin," "Diligin Mo ng Hamog ang
YAYASAN Bali, Indonesia. Jerry English literature in the Philippines. Uhaw na Lupa," and "Pilipinas, Inang
Navarro's contributions to the world of Bayan." Cuenco received numerous
art left a lasting impact. He passed away Daisy Avellana (1917-2013) was a awards for his musical contributions and
on June 10, 1999. renowned Filipino stage actress and also made a mark in the film industry as
theater director, celebrated as a an award-winning film scorer. His legacy
Andrea Ofilada Veneracion (1928-2013) , National Artist of the Philippines for endures through his timeless
known as "Ma'am OA," was a renowned Filipino Theater and Film in 1999. Born as Daisy compositions and dedication to music
choral conductor and the recipient of the 1999 Hontiveros in Capiz, she was a pioneer education, which continued until his
National Artist for Music award. Born in 1928 in in the world of Philippine theater. She passing on June 11, 1988.
Manila, she earned her music degrees with co-founded the Barangay Theater Guild
honors, displaying talents in voice, piano, and (BTG) with her husband, Lamberto Francisco Sionil José (1924-2022) , a
even competitive swimming. Veneracion Avellana, a fellow National Artist, in distinguished Filipino writer and National
founded the internationally acclaimed Philippine 1939. Daisy Avellana was also among Artist for Literature, is renowned for his
Madrigal Singers in 1963, a group known for its the first graduates of the UST Graduate novels and short stories that explore
conductor-less performances. Under her School with a Master of Arts (MA) in class struggles and colonialism in
direction, the Madz achieved global recognition, English. Her contributions to the theater Filipino society, primarily written in
winning multiple awards. Her influence extended and film industry were highly esteemed, English and translated into 28
to nurturing the careers of several notable and her legacy endured until her passing languages. Shaped by his upbringing in
Filipino musicians and composers. Despite at the age of 96 on May 11, 2013. Rosales, Pangasinan, where he
suffering a debilitating stroke in 2005, witnessed the harsh realities of poverty
Veneracion's legacy as a pioneering figure in Ernani Joson Cuenco (1936-1988) was and injustice, José's literary passion
the world of choral music in the Philippines a highly influential Filipino composer, was nurtured by his mother's dedication
remains enduring and celebrated. film scorer, musical director, and music to providing him with books despite
teacher, recognized as a National Artist financial hardships. He became a central
Edith Cutaran Lopez-Tiempo (1919- for Music in 1999. He had a profound figure in the Filipino literary scene, with
2011), a distinguished Filipino poet, impact on the Filipino musical works like "The Pretenders" delving into
fiction writer, teacher, and literary critic landscape, known for his compositions themes of alienation and social
in English, was honored with the that resonated with the Filipino musical disparities. José's career drew
National Artist Award for Literature in sensibility, often incorporating the inspiration from José Rizal's works, and
1999. Known for her intricate and classical elements of kundiman into his his writing advocated for social justice
emotionally profound poetry and fiction, works. Cuenco's educational journey and change for the average Filipino
her works, including "A Blade of Fern" took him from the University of Santo family, making him a critically acclaimed
 writer internationally. Despite being women, with a significant part of his work
somewhat underrated in his homeland, focusing on women's stories. He was
he left a lasting legacy in literature and actively involved in activism, protested
intellectual discourse. film censorship, and was a member of José Tanig Joya (1931-1995) was a
Ang Kiukok (1931-2005) was a Filipino painter various artists' organizations advocating prominent Filipino abstract artist and a
of Chinese heritage and a National Artist for for artists' rights. Bernal won numerous National Artist of the Philippines. Joya
Visual Arts. Born in Davao, Philippines, he awards for his work, and he passed away was a versatile artist known for his work
initially learned the art of charcoal portraiture in 1996 in Quezon City, Philippines. in printmaking, painting, and mixed
and was influenced by Chinese artist Qi Baishi. media, and he also served as the dean of
After moving to Manila, he attended the Severino Montano (1915-1980) was a the University of the Philippines' College
University of Santo Tomas, where he studied versatile Filipino playwright, director, of Fine Arts. He played a pioneering role
under Vicente Manansala but had to halt his actor, and theater organizer, known for in introducing abstract expressionism to
education due to financial constraints. Ang's his significant contributions to Philippine the Philippines, and his artworks were
career took off in the 1950s with recognition theater. He received his education at the characterized by their dynamic
from the Art Association of the Philippines, and University of the Philippines and later spontaneity, quick gestures, and bold
his distinctive style fused elements of cubism, pursued advanced studies in playwriting brushwork, reflecting the principles of
surrealism, and expressionism. His artwork at Yale University. He also obtained an action painting. He was recognized for
often depicted violent and intense scenes, such M.A. in Economics and a Ph.D. in his vigorous compositions featuring
as fighting cocks, rabid dogs, and the crucifixion management and public administration heavy impastos, bold brushstrokes, and
of Christ, reflecting the anger and turmoil in during his time in the United States. vibrant tropical colors, often influenced
society. Despite his violent imagery, Ang was Upon returning to the Philippines, by the landscapes of the Philippines.
described as placid and affable. He was Montano founded the Arena Theater, Some of his notable masterpieces include
honored as a National Artist for Visual Arts in which aimed to bring legitimate theater to "jedree," "Granadean Arabesque" (1958),
2001 and passed away in 2005. His work, "Men the masses, particularly to the rural and "Biennial" (1964). Tragically, Joya
at Work," a 1979 mural, is considered an areas of the country. The theater-in-the- passed away in 1995 due to blood loss in
Important Cultural Property and is displayed in round format broke records and became Rizal Avenue, Manila.
the National Museum of the Philippines. instrumental in the development of
Filipino drama. Montano also played a Virgilio Senadren Almario (born March 9,
Ishmael Bernal (1938-1996) was a pivotal role in training and nurturing a 1944), known by his pen name Rio Alma,
prominent Filipino filmmaker, stage and new generation of dramatists, including is a prominent figure in Filipino literature
television director, actor, and notable figures like Rolando S. Tinio and and culture, holding the prestigious title
screenwriter known for his melodramatic Behn Cervantes. He received numerous of National Artist of the Philippines. With
films dealing with feminist and moral awards for his contributions to Philippine a background in political science, he
issues. He directed acclaimed Filipino theater and was posthumously honored embarked on a poetic journey and
films such as "Nunal sa Tubig" (1976), with the title of National Artist. Montano became a key figure in the modernist
"City After Dark" (1980), "Relasyon" passed away in 1980, leaving a legacy of movement in Filipino poetry. Almario was
(1982), "Himala" (1982), and "Hinugot sa groundbreaking theater initiatives. His a prolific writer, focusing on issues
Langit" (1985). Born in Manila, he works include plays like "The Love of related to the national language and
pursued higher education in France and Leonor Rivera," "Sabina," and "Parting at advocating against the use of certain
India, studying literature, philosophy, and Calamba." foreign-derived words. He was also an
film directing. Bernal was a feminist accomplished translator and editor,
director who addressed issues affecting notably translating works of international
 poets and the writings of Jose Rizal. His shifted to making smaller, more personal art films in eventually moved to Baguio, where he co-
contributions extended to academia,Filipino. Eddie Romero passed away in 2013, leaving a founded the Baguio Arts Guild (BAG) and
where he served as a dean and nurtured lasting impact on Philippine cinema. engaged in various artistic and social
emerging talents in Filipino poetry. With Salvador Floro Bernal (1945-2011), an endeavors. BenCab received numerous awards
an impressive body of poetic work, accomplished artist from the Philippines, had a and recognitions, including the Order of
critical essays, and translations, Virgilio prolific career that commenced in 1969, National Artist for Visual Arts in 2006, and he
Almario made a lasting impact on Filipino encompassing over 300 productions in various has published several collections of his works,
literature and culture. artistic domains, including art, film, and music. contributing significantly to the Philippines'
In recognition of his outstanding contributions, artistic legacy.
Alejandro Reyes Roces (1924-2011), a Filipino author he was honored with the title of National Artist
and National Artist for Literature, made significant for Theater and Design in 2003. Bernal's Abdulmari Asia Imao (1936-2014), a Filipino
contributions to Philippine literature through his notable educational background included earning a painter and sculptor, was named the National
short stories, essays, and books. He attended the philosophy degree in 1966 from the Ateneo de Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts in 2006,
University of Arizona and Arizona State University, Manila University, where he later taught becoming the first Moro to receive this
earning his B.A. in Fine Arts and later attaining his M.A. literature and stage design. He played a recognition. He had a multifaceted career that
from the Far Eastern University in the Philippines. Roces significant role in introducing Philippine theater included painting, sculpting, photography,
served as the Secretary of Education during President design to the global stage and was instrumental ceramics, cultural research, documentary
Diosdado Macapagal's term, and he was involved in in organizing the Philippine Association of filmmaking, writing, and patronage of Philippine
various journalistic roles, including being the President of Theatre Designers and Technicians (Patdat) in Muslim art and culture. Born in Siasi, Sulu, he
the Manila Bulletin. His works include the famous short 1995. A book titled "Salvador F. Bernal: showed an early interest in the arts and
story "My Brother's Peculiar Chicken" and books like "Of Designing the Stage" by Nicanor G. Tiongson developed his skills as a sculptor. Imao pursued
Cocks and Kites," "Fiesta," and "Something to Crow provides a comprehensive review of Bernal's his education at the University of the Philippines
About." He was a highly acclaimed humorist, with "Of work, featuring over 200 full-color photographs and later studied in the United States under
Cocks and Kites" earning him the reputation as the of his sketches, models, costumes, and sets. various scholarships and mentors. He is known
country's best writer of humorous stories. Roces for his use of motifs like okir, sarimanok, and
received numerous awards and honors throughout his Benedicto Reyes Cabrera (born April 10, naga in his artworks, which he popularized in
career, including the title of National Artist of Literature in 1942), widely known as "BenCab," is a Filipino art. Imao's Islamic faith and Arabic
2003. His work had a lasting impact on Philippine renowned Filipino painter who was honored as calligraphy also influenced his work. He passed
literature and culture. the National Artist of the Philippines for Visual away in 2014 at the age of 78, leaving a
Arts (Painting) in 2006. His artistic journey significant legacy in Philippine art and culture.
Eddie Romero (1924-2013) was a prominent Filipino began in 1969, and he is considered one of the
film director, producer, and screenwriter. Born in 1924, best-selling painters among his generation of Bienvenido L. Lumbera (1932-2021) was a
he came from a distinguished family with notable Filipino artists. BenCab's early life was prominent Filipino poet, critic, and academic
connections. Romero is known for his significant influenced by his elder brother Salvador, an known for his influential role in the Filipinization
contributions to Philippine cinema and was awarded the established artist, and he later earned a degree movement in Philippine literature, his dedication
title of National Artist of the Philippines in 2003. His films in Fine Arts from the University of the to nationalist writing, and his activism against
often delved into historical and political themes, with Philippines Diliman in 1963. He initially settled the Martial Law regime of Ferdinand Marcos.
notable works like "Ganito Kami Noon…Paano Kayo in London after marrying British journalist He received numerous awards, including the
Ngayon?" and "Aguila." He co-produced early Filipino Caroline Kennedy in 1969, but he returned to Ramon Magsaysay Award and the title of
horror films and directed various critically acclaimed war the Philippines briefly in 1972 and played a National Artist of the Philippines for literature.
films. Romero's legacy also includes cult classic English- significant role in protest art against the Marcos Lumbera's academic contributions helped
language films. Despite international success, he later dictatorship before returning to London. He establish the field of Philippine Studies, and his
 work encompassed poetry, literary criticism, and Architecture, Santos made significant "Genghis Khan" at the Venice Film Festival in
the writing of librettos for musical theater. His contributions to the field, reshaping landscapes 1952 and the satirical excellence of "Juan
commitment to promoting Filipino culture and across the Philippines and beyond. His notable Tamad Goes to Congress" cemented his legacy
his leadership in various cultural organizations projects included the Cultural Center of the in Filipino cinema. Conde's posthumous
left a lasting legacy in the realms of Philippine Philippines Complex, Makati Commercial recognition through awards and his son's
literature, academia, and the arts. Center (now Ayala Center), Rizal Park, and subsequent contributions further underscore his
various other iconic sites. Santos passed away lasting impact on the industry.
Ramon Arevalo Obusan (1938-2006) was a prominent on January 29, 2014, but his legacy as the
Filipino dancer, choreographer, and artistic director "Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture" Lazaro Francisco (1898-1980), a Filipino
known for his significant contributions to promoting endures. novelist, essayist, and playwright, was born in
Philippine traditional dance and culture. He founded the 1898 in Orani, Bataan, and spent his childhood
Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group, received various Ramón Valera (1912-1972), was a pioneering in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija. Despite financial
awards, including the National Artist of the Philippines for Filipino fashion designer. He achieved the challenges, he began writing in 1925, achieving
dance in 2006, and left a notable legacy as an archivist, prestigious distinction of being named a fame with five notable novels. His works often
researcher, and documentary filmmaker dedicated to National Artist of the Philippines in 2006, focused on the plight of small farmers and their
preserving Philippine cultural heritage. His works making him the first Filipino fashion designer to interactions with foreign businessmen in an
included choreographic series, historical presentations, receive this honor. Valera is renowned for his agricultural province. He received various
dance masterpieces, and cultural celebrations. Obusan innovative contributions to Filipino fashion, literary awards throughout his lifetime, including
passed away in 2006, leaving an indelible mark on the introducing the one-piece terno with a back the Commonwealth Literary Contest awards for
preservation and promotion of Filipino cultural traditions. zipper and reimagining the traditional Maria "Singsing na Pangkasal" and "Tatsulok" in 1940
Clara outfit with bell sleeves, which became a and 1946, respectively. In 1958, he established
Fernando Poe Jr. (1939-2004), often referred to as FPJ, popular wedding gown design. His creations the "Kapatiran ng mga Alagad ng Wikang
was a renowned Filipino actor, film director, producer, were adorned by notable Filipina women, Pilipino" (Brotherhood of the Disciples of the
screenwriter, and politician. Known as the "King of including Gloria Romero, Bárbara Pérez, and Filipino Language), advocating for Tagalog as
Philippine Movies," he appeared in around 300 films from Imelda Marcos. In 2017, an exhibit called the national language of the Philippines. Lazaro
1955 to 2003, with notable works portraying him as a "Valera and the Modern" showcased his life and Francisco's notable works include "Binhi at
champion of the poor and oppressed. His accolades work. Additionally, in 2007, he was recognized Bunga," "Cesar," "Singsing na Pangkasal,"
included numerous FAMAS Awards, and he was as a Distinguished Lasallian by the De La Salle "Tatsulok," and many more. In 2009, he was
posthumously declared a National Artist of the Alumni Association, and a postage stamp was posthumously awarded the title of National
Philippines. Poe ran for the Philippine presidency in issued in his honor for his birth centenary in Artist of the Philippines for Literature by
2004, coming very close to victory but ultimately losing to 2012. President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, recognizing
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. His legacy lives on in the his significant contributions to Philippine
Philippine film industry, politics, and popular culture. Manuel Conde (1915-1985), a prominent figure literature.
in the Philippine film industry, had a multifaceted
Ildefonso Paez Santos Jr. (1929-2004), widely career as an actor, director, and producer. He Federico Aguilar Alcuaz (1932-2011), a
known as "IP Santos," was a prominent Filipino gained recognition for his work under various Filipino painter of international acclaim, was
architect and a pioneering figure in Philippine screen names, with notable contributions during recognized as a National Artist for Visual Arts,
landscape architecture. Born on September 5, the 1930s and beyond. Conde's filmography Painting, Sculpture, and Mixed Media in 2009.
1929, he earned accolades as a National Artist includes a wide range of films, with highlights Born in Santa Cruz, Manila, on June 6, 1932,
of the Philippines in Architecture in 2006. A such as the popular "Juan Tamad" series, he was the sixth of 11 children. He studied law
graduate of the University of Santo Tomas and "Genghis Khan," and "Juan Tamad Goes to at Ateneo de Manila and pursued painting at the
the University of Southern California School of Congress." His international acclaim for University of the Philippines (UP) School of Fine
 Arts in 1949–1950. He continued his artistic career was briefly interrupted by World War II, Bayani. His legacy as a distinguished poet,
journey in Madrid and Barcelona, Spain, during which he became a guerrillero. After the writer, and academic continues to influence and
securing a scholarship at the Academia de San war, he produced numerous iconic characters inspire the literary world.
Fernando. He married Ute Schmitz in 1959, and and stories, including "Hagibis," "Pedro
they had three sons. Alcuaz passed away on Penduko," "Bertong Balutan," "Don Cobarde," Francisco Feliciano (1941-2014), a
February 2, 2011, in Manila. His impressive and "Lapu-Lapu." After 39 years in the komiks distinguished Filipino composer and conductor,
career included several awards and exhibitions industry, he retired in 1973, having created 53 was recognized as a National Artist of the
both in the Philippines and internationally, komiks novels in total. Coching's influence Philippines for Music. He embarked on a
showcasing his significant contributions to the extended to many other Filipino illustrators, and remarkable musical journey, earning degrees
art world. his works inspired numerous adaptations in film and diplomas from institutions like the
and other media. He received various awards University of the Philippines, Hochschule der
Alice Garcia Reyes (born October 14, 1942) is a during his lifetime and was posthumously Kuenste in Berlin, and Yale University. His
renowned Filipina dancer, choreographer, teacher, named a National Artist for Visual Arts in 2014. extensive education, paired with mentorship
director, and producer. She is best known for co-founding Francisco V. Coching passed away in 1998 but from renowned figures in the world of music,
Ballet Philippines with Eddie Elejar and is celebrated for left a lasting legacy in the world of Philippine culminated in a prolific career. Feliciano's
her significant contributions to contemporary dance in comics and visual arts. compositions and arrangements, including
the Philippines. Reyes was recognized as a National "Buksan mo ang aming mga labi" and "Mass of
Artist of the Philippines for her outstanding work in the Cirilo F. Bautista (1941-2018), a renowned Saint Andrew," continue to be celebrated and
arts in 2014 by President Benigno Aquino III. Her notable Filipino poet, critic, and writer, was awarded the performed, solidifying his legacy as a significant
productions, nuanced with Filipino culture, gesture, and title of National Artist of the Philippines in 2014. contributor to the world of music. His impact on
grace, include "Bungkos Suite," "Carmen," "Carmina Born on July 9, 1941, in Manila, Bautista spent the Philippine musical landscape remains a
Burana," "Romeo and Juliet," "Rama Hari," "Cinderella," his formative years in Balic-Balic, Sampaloc. He cherished part of the nation's cultural heritage.
"Amada," "Itim-Asu," and "Tales of the Manuvu." Reyes excelled in his academic pursuits, earning
has had a rich educational background in classical ballet, honors throughout his education. He received Ramón Pagayon Santos (born 25 February
modern dance, and jazz, studying both in the Philippines degrees in literature and language, including a 1941), a prominent figure in Filipino classical
and the United States. She was once married to Dick Doctor of Arts in Language and Literature. music, is celebrated as a composer,
Upton, the treasurer of Ballet Philippines, but they Bautista was an accomplished educator, ethnomusicologist, and educator. Renowned for
separated in 1982. After her retirement from Ballet teaching creative writing and literature at his contributions to contemporary Filipino
Philippines in 1985, Reyes later returned as its artistic various universities and serving as an Honorary classical music and his exploration of
director and subsequently left the organization in 2020 Fellow in Creative Writing at the University of indigenous Philippine instruments, Santos was
amid some controversy. Despite the turn of events, her Iowa in 1969, among other academic honored as a National Artist of the Philippines
contributions to the world of dance and the arts remain achievements. He was also a prolific writer, for music in 2014. His ethnomusicological work
significant and celebrated. earning recognition for his poetry, fiction, and involved extensive fieldwork among various
essays. Some of his most notable works include Philippine cultural groups, such as the Ibaloi,
Francisco V. Coching (1919-1998), often "Summer Suns," "Telex Moon," and "Sunlight on Mansaka, Bontoc, Yakan, and Boholano,
hailed as the "King of Komiks" and the "Dean of Broken Stones." Throughout his life, he resulting in compositions that beautifully fuse
Philippine Comics," was a celebrated Filipino garnered numerous awards and honors, such indigenous musical traditions with modern
comic book illustrator and writer who played a as the Makata ng Taon award, the Hall of Fame expressions. Some of his notable works include
pivotal role in the Philippine Komiks Industry. of the Palanca Awards Foundation, and the "Rituwal ng Pasasalamat," "Awit ni Pulau," and
Born in Buting, Pasig, in 1919, he apprenticed Diwa ng Lahi from the City of Manila. Bautista "Kulintang." Santos received international
under Tony Velasquez and created his first passed away on May 6, 2018, and was laid to recognition, including the Chevalier de l'Ordre
comic, "Bing Bigotilyo," in 1934. Coching's rest with a state funeral at the Libingan ng mga des Arts et Lettres in 1987, cementing his status
as a revered figure in the world of music and
culture.

José María Vélez Zaragoza (1912-1994) was a

distinguished Filipino architect who made
significant contributions to the field of
architecture and had a remarkable impact on
religious and structural designs. He received his
education at the University of Santo Tomas and
pursued further studies in Rome and the
Netherlands. Zaragoza's distinctive architectural
style incorporated elements of Spanish colonial
architecture and the International style. He
designed numerous religious buildings,
including the Santo Domingo Church and the
expansion of the Quiapo Church. He was also
involved in the initial planning of Brasília,
Brazil's new capital city. In addition to religious
structures, Zaragoza designed various other
buildings, including the Meralco Building, the
National Library of the Philippines, and the
Bataan Power Plant. His influence on Philippine
residential architecture is evident in the
"Spanish style" often used in mid-20th-century
homes. Zaragoza's architectural legacy left a
significant mark on the Philippines, earning him
the title of National Artist for Architecture in
2014.