SUSPENSI
• SEDIAAN CAIR YANG MEMILIKI SISTEM HETEROGEN, TERDIRI DARI DUA
FASE YAITU FASE PENDISPERSI DAN TERDISPERSI YANG BERUPA
PADATAN TERBAGI HALUS DAN TIDAK TERLARUT SERTA TERDISTRIBUSI
SECARA MERATA KE DALAM FASE PENDISPERSI.
• SUSPENSI→ PENYIMPANAN → TERPISAH FASE
HAL YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN PADA
PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN
• PARTIKEL PADAT HALUS→ TERDISPERSI MERATA DALAM PENDISPERSI
• MEMINIMALKAN PENGENDAPAN DARI FASE TERDISPERSI (WAKTU
PENGENDAPAN)
• JIKA MENGENDAP → TIDAK CAKING (REDISPERSI)
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI
Pembasahan → + wetting agent
Laju sedimentasi
FORMULASI
• ZAT AKTIF
• SUSPENDING AGENT ( GUM ALAM, DERIVAT SELULOSA)
• WETTING AGENT (SURFAKTAN)
• PENGAWET
• PEMBAWA
METODE PEMBUATAN
Metode Flokulasi
Metode Deflokulasi
Metode Kombinasi
KONTROL
KUALITAS
EMULSI
DEFINISI
• SISTEM DUA FASE YANG MENGANDUNG DUA CAIRAN TIDAK BERCAMPUR,
SALAH SATU TERDISPERSI DALAM (FASE TERDISPERSI) BERBENTUK GLOBUL
KECIL YANG SERAGAM PADA FASE LAINNYA (FASE KONTINU).
• DIPERLUKAN BAHAN PENSTABIL EMULSI (EMULSIFIER ATAU EMULGATOR)
UNTUK MENSTABILKAN SISTEM
• EMULGATOR MENSTABILKAN SISTEM DENGAN MEMBENTUK LAPISAN TIPIS
DISEKITAR FASE TERDISPERSI.
• UKURAN GLOBUL FASE TERDISPESI BERKISARAN 0.1 HINGGA 100 ΜM.
• M/A
TIPE EMULSI
THEY ARE NON GREASY AND ARE EASILY REMOVABLE FROM THE SKIN SURFACE AND THEY
ARE USED EXTERNALLY TO PROVIDE COOLING EFFECT AND INTERNALLY TO ALSO MASK THE
BITTER TASTE OF OIL. WATER SOLUBLE DRUGS ARE MORE QUICKLY RELEASED FROM O/W
EMULSION. O/W EMULSION GIVE A POSITIVE CONDUCTIVITY TEST AS WATER, THE
EXTERNAL PHASE IS A GOOD CONDUCTOR OF ELECTRICITY
• A/M
A SYSTEM IN WHICH THE WATER IS DISPERSED AS GLOBULES IN THE OIL
CONTINUOUS PHASE IS TERMED WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION (W/O). WATER-IN-
OIL EMULSIONS WILL HAVE AN OCCLUSIVE EFFECT BY HYDRATING THE
STRATUM CORNEUM
W/O EMULSION IS ALSO USEFUL FOR CLEANSING THE SKIN OF OIL SOLUBLE
DIRT, ALTHOUGH ITS GREASY TEXTURE IS NOT ALWAYS COSMETICALLY
ACCEPTABLE. THEY ARE GREASY AND NOT WATER WASHABLE AND ARE USED
EXTERNALLY TO PREVENT EVAPORATION OF THE MOISTURE FROM THE
SURFACE OF SKIN E.G. COLD CREAM.
OIL SOLUBLE DRUGS ARE MORE QUICKLY RELEASED FROM W/O EMULSION.
THEY ARE PREFERRED FOR FORMULATION MEANT FOR EXTERNAL USE LIKE
CREAM W/O EMULSION IS NOT GIVEN A POSITIVE CONDUCTIVITY TESTS,
BECAUSE OIL IS THE EXTERNAL PHASE WHICH IS A POOR CONDUCTOR OF
ELECTRICITY
• EMULSI GANDA
• JUGA DISEBUT EMULSI DALAM EMULSI. EMULSION SYSTEM IN WHICH THE OIL-IN-WATER OR WATER-IN-OIL
EMULSIONS ARE DISPERSED IN ANOTHER LIQUID MEDIUM.
• OIL-IN-WATER-IN-OIL (O/W/O) EMULSION CONSISTS OF VERY SMALL DROPLETS OF OIL DISPERSED IN
THE WATER GLOBULES OF A WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION
• WATER-IN-OIL-IN-WATER (W/O/W) EMULSION CONSISTS OF DROPLETS OF WATER DISPERSED IN THE OIL
PHASE OF AN OIL-INWATER EMULSION.
• APPLICATIONS INCLUDE TASTE MASKING, ADJUVANT VACCINES, AN IMMOBILIZATION OF ENZYMES AND
SORBENT RESERVOIR OF OVERDOSE TREATMENTS, AND SOMETIMES FOR THE AUGMENTATION OF
EXTERNAL SKIN OR DERMAL ABSORPTION.
• MULTIPLE EMULSIONS HAVE BEEN FORMULATED AS COSMETICS, SUCH AS SKIN MOISTURIZER. PROLONGED
RELEASE CAN ALSO BE OBTAINED BY MEANS OF MULTIPLE EMULSIONS.
• THESE SYSTEMS HAVE SOME ADVANTAGES, SUCH AS THE PROTECTION OF THE ENSURED SUBSTANCES
AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF INCORPORATING SEVERAL ACTIVES INGREDIENT IN THE DIFFERENT
COMPARTMENTS.
• MULTIPLE EMULSIONS HAVE LIMITATIONS BECAUSE OF THERMODYNAMIC INSTABILITY AND THEIR COMPLEX
STRUCTURE
MIKROEMULSI
• MICROEMULSIONS ARE SYSTEMS CONSISTING OF WATER, OIL AND SURFACTANT, WHICH
CONSTITUTE A SINGLE OPTICALLY ISOTROPIC AND THERMODYNAMICALLY STABLE LIQUID
SOLUTION.
• TWO TYPES OF MICROEMULSION, ONE IS O/W AND THE SECOND IS W/O
MICROEMULSION.
• PREPARATION
• O/W MICROEMULSION, → USING A LOW HYDROPHYLICLIPOPHYLIC BALANCE (HLB)
NUMBER SURFACTANT .→TO THIS EMULSION → AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF HIGH HLB
NUMBER SURFACTANT → ADDED WHILE STIRRING AT A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF
ADDITION→‛GEL’ PHASE IS PRODUCED AND FURTHER ADDITION OF SURFACTANT SOLUTION,
• W/O MICROEMULSION, → ONE START WITH O/W EMULSION STABILIZED WITH AN IONIC
OR NONIONIC SURFACTANT. →EMULSION IS TITRATED WITH A CO-SURFACTANT AND THE
EMULSION PASSES THROUGH A GEL PHASE, AFTER WHICH FURTHER ADDITION OF CO-
SURFACTANT RESULT IN THE PRODUCTION OF W/O MICROEMULSION.
EKSIPIEN EMULSI
• PENGAWET
• BUFFER
• ANTIOKSIDAN
• EMULGATOR
• PEMBAWA
• HUMEKTAN
• EMOLIEN
METODE PEMBUATAN
• METODE INVERSI FASE
IN THIS METHOD, THE AQUEOUS PHASE IS FIRST ADDED TO THE OIL PHASE SO AS TO FORM A W/O
EMULSION. AT THE INVERSION POINT, THE ADDITION OF MORE WATER RESULTS IN THE INVERSION OF
EMULSION WHICH GIVES RISE TO AN O/W EMULSION
• METODE KONTINENTAL ATAU METODE GOM KERING
EMULSION IS PREPARED BY MIXING THE EMULSIFYING AGENT (USUALLY ACACIA) WITH THE OIL WHICH IS
THEN MIXED WITH THE AQUEOUS PHASE.
• METODE INGGRIS ATAU METODE GOM BASAH
IN THIS METHOD, THE PROPORTION OF THE CONSTITUENTS IS SAME AS THOSE USED IN THE DRY GUM
METHOD; THE ONLY DIFFERENCE IS THE METHOD OF PREPARATION. HERE, THE MUCILAGE OF THE
EMULSIFYING AGENT (USUALLY ACACIA) IS FORMED. THE OIL IS THEN ADDED TO THE MUCILAGE DROP BY
DROP WITH CONTINUOUS TRITURATION
• METODE BOTOL
UNTUK MINYAK MENGUAP DAN ZAT YANG BERUPA MINYAK DENGAN VISKOSITAS RENDAH. SERBUK GOM
DIMASUKKAN KEDALAM BOTOL → DITAMBAHKAN 2 BAGIAN AIR, BOTOL DITUTUP → KOCOK KUAT. SISA AIR
TAMBAH SEDIKIT DEM SEDIKIT
EVALUASI SEDIAAN EMULSI
• ORGANOLEPTIS
• UKURAN GLOBUL
• PENENTUAN VISKOSITAS
• PENENTUAN TIPE EMULSI
• PH
• KETERPISAHAN FASE
• UJI STABILITAS
TUGAS
• BAGIAN R&D SUDATU PABRIK FARMASI AKAN MENGEMBANGKAN
SEDIAAN LARUTAN UNTUK ZAT AKTIF FISETIN YANG MEMILIKI
BIOAVAIBILITAS YANG SANGAT RENDAH SEKITAR 10% HAL INI KARENA
KELARUTAN DALAM AIR YANG KECIL (0,002 MG/ML), SEBAGAI SEORANG
APOTEKER DI BAGIAN R&D, KEMUKAKAN RANCANGAN DAN DESIGN
YANG DAPAT ANDA TAWARKAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN BENTUK
SEDIAAN UNTUK ZAT AKTIF TERSEBUT?
• JELASKAN KELEBIHAN, BATASAN, RANCANGAN FORMULA SERTA ALASAN
PEMILIHAN METODE YANG DI PILIH.
• TUGAS DI KUMPUL SABTU, 18 MARET 2023 (PRINT OUT)
Kelompok 1 Kelompok 3 Kelompok 5 Kelompok 7
Abdurrazak Sami 1 Siti Heriyani 1 Rafiqa noor afifah 1 Siti Hairiah
1
Eka lestari 2 Ihda syifa 2 Noor Anisa 2 Yuni Rahima Baidatun
2
Nanda Amelia Rahmi 3 Adam ferdian 3 Hairunnisa 3 Ninda Anisa Cahyani
3
Novita Sari 4 Hesty wulandari 4 Defi rias 4 Namira Ramadhana
4
Vina Mariana Ulfah 5 Bella Rosalina 5 Allisa Fanadia 5 Rafiqa Noor Afifah
5
Kelompok 2 Kelompok 4 Kelompok 6 Kelompok 8
Rahmatul Insyirah 1 Nor Maulina 1 Diva Nur Inayah 1 Lulu Damayanti
1
Annisa 2 Norlatrisha Dewi 2 Noor Mahfuzah Febriana 2 Mas Ghadzali Rahman
2
Dina 3 M. Raffi Ikhsan 3 Nurul Rahmi Wulandari 3 Zyrzasha Sofia Nara Aryad
3
Astri ayu agustin 4 Reza Rahendra Perdana 4 Rossajatul Aisy 4 Pitratun Nazroh
4
Khalisa Novitasari 5 Luthfi Nurfuad 5 Rika Aulia Savitri 5 Nabilla Muslimah
5
