A random sample of size 36 is taken from a normal population with a known variancea’ = 25. If the mean of sample is X = 42.6. Test the null hypothesis 1 = 45 against the altemative 4 <[Link] = 0.05. (9, 1UB07) = 42.6, H,; w=45, Hy; 4 <45,a=0.05. n=36, 0° =25, O) Hy; w=45 Hy: “45 (i) Level of significancea = 0.05. f Test statistic is Z 7 (iii) aida Necessary calculations e 24 é Me 09333 788 () Critical region Zcateuinea <—Zq Zcatcuaea <~Zoos 2 coteatated <—1.645 (vi) Result: Reject Ho, Since Zesrvaueg <—1.645. Suppose that mean y of a random variable X is unknown but the variance for X is known to be 144. Should we reject the null hypothesis H,; #=15 in favor of the alternative H,; #15 ata =0.05. If a random sample of 64 observations yields a mean ¥ =12.5. 5, BZU 95] some o? =144, H,; w=15, H,; w4l5, n=64, X =12'5, a= 0.05. () Hs M=1S(i) ‘(i w v) w Hypothesis Testing 259 Hy meals Level of significance a = 0.05. X-n oldn” Necessary calculations zal25-I5 _ -2.5 Test statistic is Z = = =i =-1.67 1 1S Wea Critical region Zcoiaae > Za of — Zcaealaed <~ Za z 2 Zeateuaed > Zoos Of — ZCateulated <~ Zoos rT 2 Zeacuaus> Zoms 0 — Zcaleaiaed <~Zooas Zectedaetd 1:96 of Zcateuiared <—1-96 Result: Accept Ho, Since Zegieuiaed falls in the acceptance region, The marks of students in Statistics are normally distributed with mean 70 and variance 25. A sample of size 15 of new class year gave the average of 76. Test the hypothesis that this year’s class is typical against the alternative that they are not typical. SE H=10, 07 =25, n=15, X=76. @ (ii) (iiy (iv) A,; w=70 Hy; w#70 Let level of significance a = 0.05. X-u olvn Necessary calculations ze 76-70 6 37 1.2909 irc Test statistic is Z = . =4.65260 Hypothesis Testing w) Criteal region Zo swe > Ze Or A Cetcutond - atcutao or Zcatcutand < —Zo 05 Zo. Or Zeateutated < —Zo ngs Zan or utored < 1.96 (v) Result Reject Ho, Since 2. ovises > 1-96 and conclude that class Is not typical In other words it is better : Eo A process ts in control when the average amount of instant Coffee that is packed in a jar is 6 oz the standard deviation is 0.2 oz. A sample of 100 jars is selected at random and the sample average is found to be 6 1 oz Is the process out of control? (7, Pu cg SSE ; u=6, 0 £02, n= 100, wo Hy, w=6 Hy, w>6 Ww Let level of significance a = 0.05. (iil) Test statistic is Z = ——# oivn (iv) Necessary calculations 61-6 SP eee — 0.02 100 (v) Critical region Zesicutaed > Za | Z carcasses > Zoos | Zo ‘alculated > 1.645 (vi) Result: Reject Ho, Since Z vine > 1-645 and conclude that process is out of control. EE =e Oe ee eeOperating temperature claimed to be 19, 10° F and standard deviation 8° F Can 001, level of significance rating temperature that the mean operating than claimed if s. 195° F? ample mean of twanty values 5 19 #=190, 0=8, @=001, n=20, ¥ =195 (i) H.. w=190 Ay. >190 (ii) Level of significancea = 0.01 (iii) olvn (iv) Necessary calculations 2-19-1905 1.7888 20 (v) Critical region Zi siuney > Za 2 catcuaes > Zo01 a3 Zeatentaned >2.33 Result: Reject Ho, Since Z, Test statistic is z=“ =2.79 (vi) sieuined 2 2-33 and conclude that mean operating temperature is higher than claimed. Suppose that X is N(z, 100) and a random sample 16, 18, 23, 26, 19, 24, 25, 23, 21, 22, 20, 19, 26, 21, 18, 26 has been drawn from this population. Test the null hypothesis /,; 4:=20 against each of the following alternative hypotheses at @=0.05. (i) Hy #<20 (i) Hy; #>20 (iil) Hs #20 PU} Comparing X ~ N( 41, 100) with W~N(u, 0?) we get: o? = 100 n=16, H,; = 20, @ =0.05 (i) Hy; 4< 20 (i) Hy: > 20 (ii) Hy; w #20 TL EL ees oy ie cewo Gi) iii) (iv) () wi) Hy; w= 20 Hy 2 <20 (il) Hy; #20 (il) Mis Level of significancea = 0.05. ue 20 Test statistic is Z=*—#. oe olin Necessary calculations a X= 16, 18, 23,26, 19, 24, 25, 23,24, 22, 20, 19,26, 21, 18, 26 = 347 Dd _ 347 X= 7167 21.6875 oa eles 20 _ - = 0675 V : / N16 (i) Critical region for H,; 4 < 20 Zcoleulated < -Z, Zcoeutswd <~Z005 Zcoteulaied < -1.645 (ii) Critical region for H,; “> 20 Zcateulaied > Z, Zcatculared > Zo 0S Zcoleutared > 1-645 (iii) Critical region for H,; #20 Zateutaed > Za or — Zcateutared <~ Ze 2 Zeatewared > Zo0s of — Zcoteutarea <—Zoos 2 2 Zcatewared > Zoers Ff — Zcateutared <—Zoors Zeoteutaed 21-96 of — Zcatertarea < — 1-96 Results: (i) Accept Ho, Since Zeztuiaed > —1-645 . aHypothesis Testing 263 (i) Accept Ho, Since Zcgeuies <1-645 (i) Accept Ho, Since Zcyrulaea lies between -1.96 and 1.95 Ten dry cells were taken from store and the voltage tests gave the following results. 1.52, 1.53, 1.49, 1.48, 1.47, 1.49, 1.51, 150, 1.47, 1.48 volts. The mean voltage of the cells when stored was 1.51 volts Assuming that standard deviation o to remain unchanged at 0.02 volts. Is there reason to believe that the cells have deteriorated (get worse) Use 5% level of significance. n=10,X= 1.52, 1.53, 1.49, 1.48, 1.47, 1.49, 1.51, 1.50, 147,148, #=1.51, ¢ = 0.02 @) Ho; #=1.51 Hy; w<151 (ii) Level of significance a = 0.05. aan rsenas X-y4 iif Test statistic is: Z = . (ii) Bia (iv) | Necessary calculations: X= 1.52, 1.53, 1.49, 1.48, 1.47, 1.49, 1.51, 1.50, 1.47, 1.48 = 14.94 SG FHL 454 1 yoy n 10 _ 1494-151 _ sap 0.02/10 — 00063245 ) Critical region Zcoteutated <—~Za € Zcatculaied < —2y 05. Z calataed <— 1.645 (vi) Result: Reject Ho, since Zcaieuimea <— 1-645 and conclude that cells have deteriorated.264 Hypothesis Testing 2 pee — SEL A random sample of 30 values trom a normal population showe, and the sum of squared deviations from this meay, a mean of 42 inches 's equal to 145 inches Show that the assumption of a mean of 43 inches for the population ts not reasonable ne Ved? SQV) srs a= 43 (Hy. ws eee (i) Let level of significance « = 0.05 (ili) Test statistic is Z fe Syn (iv) Necessary calculations Ve Sivn Zee 2198 30 0.40 <-Z, or wheter > Z. (v) Critical region Zz or 2c ntstawt > Z, Z, <—Zors OF Le akuaa > Z, -19 |, <-1.96 OZ ah ant > 1.96Hypothesis Testing 265 —= (vi) Result: Reject Ho, since Zesreuisreg < —!-96 and conclude that assumption of a mean of 43 inches for the population is not reasonable p The average number of marks obtained by students at a large number of colleges was found to be 25. A sample of 36 showed an average number of marks of 27 with standard deviation of 5. Discuss the significance of these results. Solution] H=25,n=36, X =27,5=5. @ A, w= 25 Hy; "#25 (i) Let level of significance @ = 0.05. (ii) Test statistic is z =~ 54. 5 Vn (iv) | Necessary calculations Dace et 2 540 5 ~ 0.8333 16 () Critical region: Zcatcuiaea > Za 3 Zcaeutated > Zo0s 2 zZ Calculated > 2 02s Zz ‘Calculated > 1.96 or or or or Z cacatated <~Z a {10, 1UB 03) 2 Zcateutaed <—Zo0s 2 Zcatesated <—Zoors Z cotesiased < 1-96 (vi) Result: Reject Ho, Since Zcaruiaee > 1-96 and conclude that H, is significant. A manufacturer of detergent claims that the mean weight of a particular box of detergent is 3.25 pounds. A random sample of 64 boxes revealed a sample average of 3.238 pounds with a standard deviation of _———aHypothesis Testing 266 0.117 pounds. Using the 1% level of significance, is there evidence that the average weight of the boxes is different from 3.25 pounds. ¥ =3.238, S=0.117, a=1% Hy, 23.28 fo Level of significance a = 0.01 Hu (i Test statistic is Z = Sivn (wv) Necessary calculations 3.238 ~3.25 __ - 0.012 = SS 0g, 0.117 /V64 0.014625 (v) Critical region Zcaicions <~Zq or — Z¢ateataued > Za 2 2 Z cotcutsea < Zon or Z coteured > Zo01 2 2 2 catentted <~Zo 005 or — Zcotextared > Zo00s Zcesrtuet <~2-575 or Zeateated > 2-575 (vi) Result: Accept Ho, since Zc,:.iae¢ > ~2-575 and conclude that the average weight of the boxes is different from 3.25 pounds. Can you reject a claim that average age of senators is at least 48, if a random sample of 35 senators has mean age 46 with a standard deviation of 3.2 years? Assume ages of all senators are normally distributed. Test at a =0.01 level of significance? H=48, n=35, ¥=46, S=3.2 (Ho; w248 Hy; ww < 48Hypothesia Testing 267 ean neon eaeemeeemmemmmne ad (i) Level of significance a = 0.01 (ii) Test statistic is z = 4 vn (iv) Necessary calculations: aan i. 69F 3.21. 0.54089 (v) Critical region Zs <-Zy 2 catewond <~Zo01 Z ceded < -2-326 (vi) Result: Reject Ho, since Zcaiuins <-2-326 and conclude that the average age of senators is less than 48 years. It is claimed that automobile is driven on the average more than 20,000 kilometers per year. To test this claim, a random sample of 100 automobile owners are asked to keep a record of the kilometers they travel. Would you agree with the claim if the random sample showed an average of 23,500 kilometers «and a standard deviation of 3900 kilometers? Use a = 0.01 level of significance. Pury = 20,000, n=100, ¥ = 23,500, 5 =3900 @) Hos 4 = 20,000 Hi; 4 > 20,000 (i) Level of significance a = 0.01 Test statisticis Z=4># vn (iv) | Necessary calculations: 23500-20000 _ 3500 3900/V100 390 =8.974 F 268 Hypothesis Testing (v) Critical region Zeiss > Za Zcatcstacd > Zoor Zecgetacs > 2.236 Result: Reject Ho, since Z,.,,19 > 2.236and conclude that the average lifetime of tires is more than 20,000 kilometers 2 =A OR H,; m-M,=0 10 Hy; y= Hy (vi) Hy; ha Wheno;&c; are known KE) A random sample of 100 workers in a large farm took an average of 14 minutes to complete the task. A random sample of 150 workers in another large farm took the average time 11 minutes to complete the task. Can it be assumed at 5% level of significance that the average time taken by the workers in two firms is same, if the standard deviation of alj workers of first farm and second farm are 2 minutes and 3 minutes respectively? n, =100, X1 =14 n, =150 ,, ¥2 =11, @=5% 0, =2, 0; =3. (i) Hoi =A, Of Ho; my-wy =0 Hy; #4, Or Hy fy #0 (ii) Level of significance a = 0.05. ee Bea (iii) Test statistic is z - (iv) | Necessary calculations (14-11)-0 3 3 =9.48 z= 100 150 (v) Critical region Zcakutaed <~Za or — Zcatewlared ” 2q 7 2 2Hypothesis Testing 269 2 caeataed <~Zoos or Zcaiateed Zou 2 2 Zcotsioed <—Zoms —-—cakeaaed > Zong Zentutma 196 of Zeaetng > 196 (vi) Result: Reject Ho, since Zeyexiaea > 1-96 and conclude that average time taken by the workers in two farms is different. geese The two samples "A" and “B” detailed below were taken from normal population of standard deviation 0.8. Test whether the difference of sample means is significant. 7, 1UB 98) Bw 105 116 127 129 135 136 148 a 13° 124 139 142 147 144 149 156 go _ 20.8, =7: = Hs Mh i) Hy; Mt iE (i Let level of Significancea = 0.05. jy Teststatsticls Z = Qi Xa) Gy ~ay) it : : Necessary calculations Ww) x, [105 | 118 | 127 129 13.5 | 136 | 148 = 89.6 Ay [13 | 24 | 139 [142 [447 | gaa] oo | 56 | = ttt270 Hypothesis Testing (¥) Critical region: Zcaiwoed> Za or Zcakeutued <~ Za 2 2 Zestewaed> Zoos or — Zcateutared < Zoos ze 2 Zeoiewnes> Zoms Of — Zcateutared <—Zoors Zeateutaed 21:96 of — Zcateutared <—1-96 (vi) Result: Reject Ho, Since Zcoruoeg <—1-96 and conclude that difference of sample means is significant. Wheno;&o} are unknown ene A random sample of size 40 from non normal population yielded the ¥:=70.4, S? =31.40 another random sample of size 50 from second non normal population yielded X2 =65.3, S} = 44.82, test the hypothesis that the difference between two means is equal to 2. [10, 1UB 11) = 70.4, S? =31.40, n, =50, ¥2 =65.3, S? = 44.82, 4, — sy =2 Aas fy — Hz =2 Ay; My H, #2 (i) —_ Let level of significance a = 0.05. Test statistic is2= (iv) | Necessary calculations: : z= 204=65:3=(2) _ 3.1 93907 f 31.40 , 44.82 1.2967 40 50 (vy) Critical region: Zeaewsed> Za ot Zcoteutaned <~Za 2 2 2 Se eeHypothesis Testing 271 i Zcatwaus> Zoos of Zcatedoud <~Zo0s La; 7 Zceteviaed 21:96 of © Zcateaicted <~1-96 (vi) Results: Reject Ho, since Zcucwaed > 1-96 and conclude that difference between two means is not equal to 2. A farmer claims that the average yield of com of variety A exceeds the average of variety B by at least 12 bushels per acre. To test this claim 50 acres of each variety are planted and grown under the similar conditions, Variety A yielded on the average 86.7 bushels per acre with standard deviation of 6.28 bushels per acre, while variety B yielded on the average 77.8 bushels per acre with standard deviation of 5.61 bushels per acre. Test the farmer's claim at 5% level of significance. (7, 1UB 93} Se My ~ Hy 212, n, = 50, n, =50, X1 =86.7, S, = 6.28, X2 =77.8,5, =5.61,. @ Aa; MyM, 212 ys ~My <12 (ii) Level of significance (iii) Test statistic is 7-XirX)-U-m) SS ; ny (iv) Necessary calculations z-86.1-778)-12 _-3.1 =i31 26 (628) Gor 1.19 50 50 (vy) Critical region Zoxiuored <-Z, 2 cateuiated < —Zo os Z cateuiated < 1.645272 Hypothesis Testing (vi) Result: Reject Ho, Since Zeuiuaed <—1-645 and conclude that yield of com of variety A does not exceed the average of variety 8 by at least 12 bushels per acre. p An examination was given to two classes of 40 and 50 students respectively. In the first class mean grade was 74 with standard deviation 8, while in the second class mean grade was 78 with a standarg deviation of 7. Is there significant difference between mean grades at 5% and 1% level of significance? n, = 40, n; =50, 1 =74, S, =8, X> = 78,8, =7, @ =5% and 1%, ji) ALy3 My = Mz Ay my Fh, (ii) Level of significance a = 0.05 and 0.01. _ Hi -X2)-4 =) (iii) Test statistic is mm (iv) | Necessary calculations 74-78 4 =-2.49 1.6062 (v) Critical regio! Using a =5%=0.05 Zeatutaed? 2a OF Zcateuiated <~ Za 2 2 Zeatcuared <~Z 0.05 2 Zcateutaed > 2008 OF 2 or — Zeateuaed <~Zo0rs Z cotcataed > 20025 ee <-l: Zcateutaed > 1-96 Using a =1%=0.01 or — ZcaleulaedHypothesis Testing Zcoletaed > Zq OF 2 Zeateried > Zoo, OF 7 Zcatrsaed > Zoo0s OF Z catcutated > 2575, oF (vi) Results: 273 Zonas <2; es Z catcated <~Zo01 2 2 coictaed S~ Zo 05 Zeatateet < 20575 Reject Ho, at 5%a since Zcauioeg <—1-96 and conclude that there significant difference between mean grades, Accept Ho, at 1%a since Zcaiuiced falls in the acceptance region and conclude that there no significant difference between mean. A simple sample of heights of 6400 Englishmen has a mean of 67.85 inches and S.D of 2.56 inches while a simple sample of heights of 1600 Australians has a mean height of 68.55 inches and S.D of 2.52 inches. Do the data indicate that the Australians are on the average taller than the Englishmen? n, = 6400, ¥1 = 67.85, S, = 2.56, n, = 6000, X2 = 68.55,S, = 2.52. Aa Wah Ay npand add 05 if X< np] Necessary calculations: np = 1200.1 =12 Ny: 0.4564 VI20 «11K 0: [05is added since V < np] Critical region Zescsiney<—Z lel zateae 2Pe IE HU Ht eT Z < Zoos or “Calculated > 2. 2257S OF catatnng > 255 Z casciomed Zz ‘okwhated falls in the acceptance ,, (vi) Result Accept Ho, since Zcatvined 0, and conclude that proportion of def BEEIIIED A coin is tossed 400 times and it Discuss whether the coin is unbiased. ective parts is 0.1 tums up head 216 4, tua. OR H,; the coins are unbiased, OR H,; the coins are biased. {In case of biased coin P may be > 0.5 or <0.5 hence Hi two ty (i) Let level of significance a = 0.05. (xX +0.5)- "P [Using continuity correct (ii) Test statistic is Z = "Pq [Subtract 0.5 ifXis > mpand add 0.5 if x< "| 1 1 (iv) Necessary calculations: np = 400% = 200 ze (216 -0.5)- 200 _ 15.5 4 55 rod 10 [0.5 is subtracted since X > np) >Z, or 2 caleataned —Zq 2 ) Critical region: Zcalewiaed a Zeaeutaed > Zo0s Of — Zcatewared <~Zo0s 2 2 Zeucwows? Zoors OF — Zcateuires <~Zoees Zeaiaet? 196 Of — Zcateutses <—1-96 9Hypothesis Testing 277 een ERE (vi) Results: Accept Ho, since Zn, siner falls in the accagtance region and conclude that coins are unbiased In a random sample of 150 units 11 are defective Is this consistent with an average of 5% set as a standard? n=150, X =11, P=0.05, np =150* 0.05 =7.5 (i) H,; P=0.05 Hy, P#0.05 (ii) Let level of significance a = 0.01 iii) Test statistic is Z = (se "P [Using continuity correction] "Pq [Subtract 0.5 if X is > mp and add 05 if X< np] (iv) _ Necessary calculations: -_W-05)-75 2 3 spy V150 x 0.05% 0.95 2.6693 [05is subtracted since > np] (v) Critical region Zcaicstaes <~Za or Zeceniaes > Za 2 2 a 2 cateutued <~Zo01 or Zcaatues > 2301 z 2 Z cateataed <~Zo.0s or Zeacases > Zoos Zcatutated <-2575 of Zcatexiteg > 2-575 (iv) Result: Accept Ho, since Zeaicuisrea falls in the acceptance region and conclude that 5% may be taken as standard. Gia) in a random sample of 1000 houses in a certain city 618 own color TV sets. Is this evidence sufficient to conclude that 34 of the houses in the city have color TV sets? 6. PU CS]278 Hypothesis Testing 1000, V=618. H,; P= (i) Let level of significance a = 0.05 (to. 0.8) Jnpq [Subtract 0.5 if X is > np and add 0.5 if X< "| 2 (iv) Necessary calculations: np = 1000 x5. ~ (618 +0.5) 48.17 ore GG 3 = =-3.23 491 (v) Critical region: Zeaiewaw > Ze or — Zcateutared <~Za 2 2 (i) Test statistic is Z = [Using continuity correction = 666.67 7 [0.5 is added since ¥ < np] Zesrataes > Zo0s oF Zcateatacd <~Zo0s : 2 Zeatcutaea > Zoors OF — Zcatcutarea <~Zoors Zestcutned 71-96 oF — Zeakcutated <—1.96 (vi) Results: Reject Ho, since Zcueuioea < 1-96 and conclude that 34 of the houses in the city have color TV sets? (ENEEZ A gas company claims that two third of the houses in a certain city are heated by natural gas. Do we have reason to doubt this claim if, ina random sample of 100 houses in this city, it is found that 63 are heated by natural gas? Use 0.02 level of significance. (6, PUOT) n=106, ¥ =63, np = 100% = 66.67 @ HA; Pay aeHypothesis Testing 279 Hi P< [eX < np. Hence H+ in less (ii) Level of significance = 0.02 (x 0-5)— MP (Using con vnpq [Subtract 05 if Ks > mp2 (iii) Test statistic is Z (iv) Necessary calculations: (63 +0. {100 ae 3 (v) Critical region: Z- Zz <-Z, Z caleataet <— 2c Zcoteulated <-2.0 “eulated (vi) Results: Accept Ho, since Zesiuiun 2.054 and conclude that two third of the houses are heated by natural gas A manufacturer claimed that at least 96% of the equipments which he supplied to the factory confirmed to specification. An examination of 200 pieces revealed that 18 were faulty. Test his claim at significance level of 8% i.e a =8%. 18, 1U8 03} P =96% =0.96, n=200 Did not confirm to the specification = 18 Confirm to the specification = 200-18 = 182 X= 182 np = 200x 0.96 = 192 () HH; P20.96 Hy; P<0.96 [eX mp and add 0.5 if X< np} (tv) Necessary calculations: [0.5 is added since Y < np} (v) Critical region: Zcgicstorea <~Za Zcatcuioted <~Zoos Zcelextaeg <— 1-405 (vi) Results: Reject Ho, since Zcoruiaea <—1-405 and conclude that manufacturer claim that at least 96% of the equipments confirm to specification is not justified. GEEMGEE A basket ball player has hit on 60% of his shoots from the floor. If on the next 100 shoots he makes 70 baskets. Would you say that shooting has improved? (6, 1UB 07] P = 60% = 0.60, 1 =100, ¥ =70, mp =100x 0.60 = 60 () -H,; P=0.60 Hy; P>0.60 [- X > np, Hence H1 in greater than form) (ii) Let level of significance a = 0.05. LY +0.5)- np (iii) Test statistic is Z = = [Using continuity correction) [Subtract 0.5 if X is > mp and add 0.5 if X< np} (iv) Necessary calculations: oo (70 -0.5)-60___ 9-5 ~Ji00 x 0.60 «0.40 4.8989 [0.5 is subtracted since Y > np} 94 (v) Critical region: Zeuieuiared > Za(vi) Hypothesis Testing 281 Z coteatnes > 1.645 Results: Reject Ho, since Zesiuier > 1-645 and conclude that shooting has improved In order to check the performance of city government a survey was conducted whether or not 60% people are satisfied with the city government. A random sample of 1250 persons was taken and 680 responded in yes. At 10% level of significance, test whether the survey's result was in the favor of the government? (8. Csso7) Z carsioud > Zoos | P = 60% = 0.60, n=1250, X = 680 np = 1250x 0.60 = 750 | @ (il) (iii) (iv) ) (vi) H,; P=0.60 | Hy; P<0.60 fe x np and add 0.5 if X< np] Necessary calculations: Ses (680 + 0.5)- 750 V1250 x 0.60x0.40 17.32 (0.5is added since x’ < np] Critical region: Zesieuiaea <—Za Z cotestaed <~Zo.10 2 cateutated < 1.28 Results: Reject Ho, since Zcuiexineg <—1-28 and conclude that less than 60% favor of the government.(iv) Ww) (vi) In two large popu e on p (ty a. F % and 25% respective, Ny og are 30 ations, there kely to be hidden in a sampie oe difference ! ts this ormal populations? 3 people ectively from two 9 n, ©1200, m, = 900 Hone Level of significance « = 0.05 Test statistic is 7 rf | (ee | Ne af n, : mn; ) Necessary calculations mht Py nom; y+ 9000 25) 2786 P= 1300+ 900 2100 p =00.2786 => 4G. = 0.7214 a 0.30 0.25 aaees 3 \° 2786 \0. 7214) 360 * wn Critica! region or Zeatcutaes > Zq or deutated > Zoes or Zcateuiaret > Zoors or ZCateuicted 21.96 Result: Reject Ho, since Zesicstara > 1.96 rroe OE Ee —~y NYPOINesI9 Tasting poe A manutacturer of house a 283 sent samples of matorials to each of = bal 7 ppelated cette group, he enclosed a white mae ca f cae envelop He received orders trom 109 ay data indicate color of envelop hag of significance lor other group a blue an effect n, 21000, 1, = 1000, # =10% 010, p 1% <013 () Ho AP, Hy P&P, (ii) level of significance « ~ 0.05 (ii) Test statisticis ,_ pgjt.!] yr Hn Sm | (iv) Necessary calculations p= MAL mP: nen p= 1000(0.10) + 1000(0.13 a 1000 + 1000 p=0MS > q, = 08! ae 0.10 -0.13 =0.03 _ 5 103 ! 1 \ 0.01426 (0.115)(0 885), +] 1000 1000 (v) Critical region _cotcstomt <2 Z “aleuloted < —Zo0s Zeatataes <— 1645 (vi) Result: Reject Ho, since Zesieatues < 1-645 and conclude that color of envelop has an effect on the sales. Odse Mypothesis Testing = A machine puts out 484 perfect articles in a sample of 500. After the machine |S overhauled, it puts out 87 perfect articles in a batch of 409 Has the machine been improved? 6. 1U8 07) sa X, = 484, n= SW. X, @ HAH ys 97, n, =100 H R

1.645 and conclude that machine has not been improved. Random samples of 200 bolts manufactured by machine A and 100 bolts manufactured by machine B showed 19 and 5 defective boltsrespectively. Test the hypothesis that machine B is performing better than A. Usea = 0.05 7 vam sm n, () (i) ii) (iv) ) (vi) Hypothesis Teating 285 200, m, =100, X, =19, .¥, =5 Ho: B= Py Hy: > Py Level of significance « pales) Necessary calculations: Test statistic is 7 - m+n . 1945 Pe 3004100 => 4G, =1-0.08=0.92 0.045 _ * 9.03322 — s Critical region Zcatexised > Za Zcsicuined > Zoos Zeanames > 1.645 Result: Accept Ho, since Zeuicuimeu < 1-645 and conclude that performance of both machines is equal.. In a random sample of 500 men from Karachi city, 300 are found to be smokers. In a random sample of 1,000 from Lahore city, 550 are286 Hypothesis Testing smokers. Do the data indicate that the cities are significantly different with respect to the prevalence of smoking among men? (8, IUB 02) 10} (ii) (iii) (iv) (vy) (vi) - 500, V, = 300, », = 1000, Ho P=? Hi Re, Let level of significance a = 0.05. Test statistic is 7___ A? (2 eal fe 4. Necessary calculations: ~ X, 300 R= , n, +n; 300+550 _ 850 mo Fe = 0.5666 500+1000 1500 => g, =1-0.5666 = 0.4334 pit 0.60 - 0.55 a er (0.5666 (0.4334 { ) He Critical region Zcatcutaea <~Za or — Zcateutarea > Za 2 2 Z Cateutared <~Zo os or — Zcatcutared > Zoos 2 2 Zcateulaied <~Zo.02s or — Zeateutared > Zo028 2 catcatarea <—1-96 or Zcuteyiaed > 1-96 Result: Accept Ho,_since Zeuicuaeu falls in the acceptance region conclude that two cities are not significantly different with respect to the prevalence of smoking among men.Hypothesis Testing 287 \ 100 workers were skilled out of a random sample of 200 workers poe from factory A and 80 were skilled out of anather sample of 200 Sorkers selected fiom factory B Test at % level of significance vapartion of skilled workers m factory A 1s greater than proportion of skilled workers In factory B Y, = 100, 0, = 200, V, 80, 1, = 200 ' i) Ho =P Hh Be, (ii) Level of significance « - 0.05 (ii) Test statistic is ih {t ! bleed YP lan (iv) Necessary calculations jp = M1 10 9 sy, =) oso nm 200 200 X, +4, 100+ 80, oe p= 75045 => @ =055 p moony 200+ 200 i ).50- 0.40 i 0.50- 0.40 a [(0.43)10. a \ (200 200/ (v) Critical region Chi 1.645 (v) Result: Reject Ho, since Z,,,,,,,,>!.645and conclude that proportion of skilled workers in factory A is greater than proportion of skilled workers in factory B PMNS 1: p= p and tl: p,=p, SMMMIGEZ! Test the hypothesis that p = 0.7, ifa sample of 50 gave r = 0 65 (6. 82U 87] p=0.7, n=50, r=0.65 WH: p=07, Ms p07 (ii) Let level of significance « = 0.05288 Hypothesis Testing Z,-H, (ii) Test statistic to be used is: Z = aie vn 1 WhereZ, =1.1513l0g 17" Mz =1.1513log 72 I-r I-p (iv) Necessary calculations: 140.65 140.7 Z, =1.1513log 7" = 0.7753. yu, = 1.1513 log = 0.8673 °F 0.65 ie nee - 0.8673 — 0.092 0.8673 _ - 0.092 _ _4 yy 0.1458 v50 -3 (v) Critical region Z, <-Z, or Zoacutared > Za Zcateuiwed < Zoos or Zeatcutared > Zous Zo culated —1.96 or Zeateutared > 1.96 (vi) Conclusion: Accept Ho since Z cyicuiaea falls in the acceptance region and correlation co-efficient in the population is 0.7. (EMME A random sample of 28 pairs from bivariate normal population showed correlation co-efficient of 0.7. Is this value consistent with the assumption that correlation co-efficient in population is 0.5? (7, 1UB 98} n=28,r=0.7, p=0.5 (@) HH: p=05 (ji) Let level of significance a = 0.05 Hy; p205 (iii) Test statistic to be used is: Z = WhereZ, =1.1513logl*”, Mz = 1.1513 log t2 s I-r l-p (iv) Necessary calculations: 5 = 1513log 172 5493 7 1-0.7 0.8673, w, =1 Is13togi70Hypothesis Testing 289 — 0 73 = z = 98673 - 0.5493 _ 0.318 _ | gg Y 0.2 28-3 (v) Critical region Zeiames <~Za or Zeatcates ® Ze Z cotesarea <~Zo0s or eatewiues > eu ‘nus 2 Zeateviaca 196 Of Zeteuneg > 1 96 (vi) Conclusion: Accept He since Z¢,juied falls in the acceptance region and conclude that correlation co-efficient in the population is 0.5. Hs P= Py genmees Two independent random samples have 22 and 29 pairs of observations with correlation co-efficients 0.5 and 0.75 respectively Are these values of “r” consistent with the hypothesis that the samples have been drawn from same population? = 0.50, r, =0.75 Ay Pps (ji) Let level of significancea = 0.05. (iii) Test statistic to be used is: Z = a) Len $13log 2 I=), Ir, len, Where Z,, =1. 1513tog (iv) Necessary a Z, 21. 1513logi* 0.9729 y= 25081-0979)290 Hypothesis Testing (v) Critical region Zesisiona <~Za or Zeutewaua > Za sung < 1.96 arena) ‘Calculated > 1.96 (vi) Conclusion: Accept Ho since Zc y-xiana falls in the acceptance ang conclude that samples have been drawn from same population iene H.. S) =S? FOR SUFFICIENTLY LARGE SAMPLE SIZES EMMEEY The following table gives means and standard deviations of marks obtained by the candidates in an examination held at two centers A ang B. Assume the marks follow the normal distribution. _ [Centre| No. ofcandidates | Mean Standard Deviation ] eee eee 1275 | 44.8 8.3 B | 2346 [47.3 Croce Is the difference between standard deviations significant? (9, IUB 13) () Hs a =e, Hy: 0, #0, (ii) Let level of significance a = 0.05 (iii) Test statistic to be used is: Z = (iv) Necessary calculations: Z= ee =9.47 8.3 6.5)" (VY) Critical region Zwei < 2. Spare 2, Zcotcutared < -1.96 Of | Zesrueag > 196 (vi) Conclusion: Reject Ho since Zesicuad falls in the rejection and conclude that difference between standard deviations is significant.