9. Force & Laws of Motion QR Code: Learning Objective: Content area/ Concepts Learning Objectives Prerequisite Balanced and Interpret data to identify uniform and non-uniform motion of an object. Examine forces acting on a body in order to determine change in body's motion as a consequence of resultant force Unbalanced forces Determine the impact of frictional force on the motion of an object. First Law of Motion ‘Second Law of Motion Identify examples and situations that illustrate the use of Newton's first Law of motion and Inertia. Calculate the momentum of objects when two bodies collide. ‘Apply Newton's Second Law of Motion and calculate rate of change of momentum in objects. Interpret SI unit of force and use formulas to calculate mass of an object. Ilustrate Newton's Third Law of Motion, Third Law of Motion Conservation of Momentum Identify situations that demonstrate the application of Newton's third Law of Motion. Calculate momentum of bodies before and after a collision (when Ino external force is applied), and thus apply and derive law of [conservation of momentum nd Leary ns Learning O1 ctives Learning Outcomes Interpret data to iden object. tify uniform | Differentiates materials / objects / organisms / phenomena and non-uniform motion of an processes, based on such as prokaryote and eukaryote, plant cell and animal cell, diffusion and osmosis, simple and. 106Examine forces acting on a body in order to determine change in body's motion as a consequence of resultant force ‘complex tissues, distance and displacement, speed and velocity, balanced and unbalanced forces, element, compound and mixture, solution, suspension and colli isobars and isotopes, etc. Determine the impact of frictional force on the motion of an object. Identify examples and situations that illustrate the use of Newton's first Law of motion and Inertia. Ilustrate Newton's Third Law of Motion. Explains processes and phenomena, such as function of different organelles, spread of diseases and theit prevention, effect of force on the state of motion of objects, action and reaction, revolution of planets and satellites, conservation laws, principle of separation of different gases from air, melting / boiling / freezing, how bats use ultrasound to catch prey, ete. Calculate the momentum of objects when two bodies collide. Calculate momentum of bodies before and after a collision (when no external force is applied), and thus apply and derive law of conservation of momentum Calculates using the data given, such as distance, velocity, speed, frequency, work done, number of moles in a given mass of substance, concentration of solution in terms of mass by mass percentage of substances, conversion of Celsius scale to kelvin scale and vice versa, number of neutrons in an atom from atomic number and mass number, speed of sound, kinetic and potential energies of an object, boiling points of liquids to predict the order of their separation from the mixture, etc. Calculate the momentum of objects when two bodies collide. ‘Analyses and interprets graphs / figures ete., such as distance-time and velocity-time graphs, computing distance / speed / acceleration of objects in motion, properties of components of a mixture to identify the appropriate method of separation, crop yield after application of fertilizers, ete. Interpret SI unit of force and use formulas to calculate mass of an object. Uses scientific conventions /symbols / equations to represent various quantities / elements /units, such as SI units, symbols of elements, formulae of simple compounds, chemical equations, etc. Apply Newton's Second Law of Motion and calculate rate of change of momentum in objects. Identify situations that demonstrate the application of Newton's third Law of Motion. Applies scientific concepts in daily life and solving problems, such as separation of mixtures, uses safety belts in automobiles, covers walls of large rooms with sound absorbent materials, follows intercropping and crop rotation, takes preventive measures to control disease causing agents, etc Interpret SI unit of force and use formulas to calculate mass of an object. Derives formulae / equations /Taws, such as mathematical expression for second law of motion, law of conservation of momentum, expression for 107Calculate momentum of bodies __| force of gravity, equations of motion from velocity- before and after a collision (when | time graphs, ete. no external force is applied), and thus apply and derive law of conservation of momentum ata) Be rm motion of an rm and non-uni LOB: Interpr antify unil 1) The image shows a distance time graph of a train's journey. 24 8 a cy Total Distance (km) os 6 9 2 15 18 Time (min) Which type of motion the train is following? (ajuniform motion (b)non-uniform motion (c)constant retardation (d)constant acceleration Correct Answer: Option (a) 1082) A student practicing for the hurdle race puts 4 hurdles A,B,C and D at equal distance on a straight track as shown in the image. ‘SSS SS ° ‘The student records the time at each hurdle. Path (om) OtoA 4 AtoB 6 Btoc 8 CtoD 10 Based on the table, which option defines the motion of the student? (a)uniform motion because the student is travelling in a same direction from 0 to D (b)non-uniform motion because the student is moving over four hurdles between 0 andD (uniform motion because the time difference between two consecutive paths is equal (d)non-uniform motion because the student covers equal distance at unequal intervals of time Correct Answer: Option (a) LOB : Examine forces acting on a body in order to determine change in body's motion as a consequence of resultant force 1) The image shows the forces acting on a block. The length of the arrow shows the strength of the force and the direction of the arrow shows the direction of application of the force 109| What is the direction of the resultant force? (a)upwards (b)downwards (Otowards left (towards right Correct Answer: Option —_(d) 2) A force of 10 N is acting on a block towards the left, ifthe force of 15 N is acting towards the right. How much net force is acting on the object? (@)5 N towards left (b)5 N towards right (025 N towards left (€)25 N towards right Correct Answer: Option —_(b) LOB : Determine the impact of frictional force on the motion of an object. 1) Ablock is at rest on a table. A girl applies a force towards the right. The applied force is equal to the frictional force between block and the surface. What will happen to the block? (a)it starts rotating (bit does not move (it will start sliding towards left (@it will start sliding towards right 10Correct Answer: Option —_(b) 2) Two boys X and Y push a block in directions shown in the image. Ifthe box starts moving towards the left, what will be the direction of the frictional force acting on the block? (a)downward to the ground (b)upwards towards the block (Clopposite to the force applied by X (Gopposite to the force applied by Y Correct Answer: Option (c) LOB : Identify examples and situations that illustrate the use of Newton's first Law of motion and Inertia, 1) Which of the given example can be illustrated using the Newton's first law of motion? (a)rowing of boat (b)rocket propulsion (c}wearing a seat belt in a car (d)releasing an arrow from bow Correct Answer: Option —_(c) 2) A tennis ball and a bowling ball are kicked with the same force; which option relates the distance travelled by the balls to the inertia of the balls? (a)tennis ball moves farther than bowling ball because it has less inertia (b)tennis ball moves farther than bowling ball because it has high inertia (c)bowling ball moves farther than tennis ball because it has less inertia (a)bowling ball moves farther than tennis ball because it has high inertia M1Correct Answer: Option (a) LOB : Calculate the momentum of objects when two bodies collid 1) A ball of 150 g is hit with a bat; the ball starts travelling with a velocity of 3m/ s. What is the momentum of the ball? (a)0.05 kg m/s (b)0.45 kg m/s (€)50 kg m/s (d)450 kg m/s Correct Answer: Option —_(b) 2) A bullet of mass 0.020 kg is fired; it strikes the wooden block of 0.50kg and sticks in it. ‘The bullet and wooden block move off together with a velocity of 100 m/s. What is the momentum of the bullet with wooden block? (a)2 kg m/s (b)50 kg m/s (€)52 kg m/s (4)70 kg m/s Correct Answer: Option —_(¢) LOB: Apply Newton's Second Law of Motion and calculate rate of change of momentum in objects. 1) A marble of mass “m’ at rest is pushed with force “F”, it starts travelling with velocity “v’ in time “t”. Which option correctly relates the force with change in momentum? (a)F= (mv. t) (b)F= (mv/ 1) (OF= (move)/t (a)F= (move/ t) Correct Answer: Option —_(b) 2) The image shows the forces acting on the car. 500 N 500 N < — 12Which option defines the state of the car? (a) car is at rest (b) car is accelerating (c) car is slowing down (A) car is moving with a constant velocity @ Correct Answer: Op! 1) The SI unit for force does not contain which of the following physical quantitates? (a)Quantity (b)Length (Time (d)Luminosity Correct Answer: Option —_() 1) Earth pulls objects towards it due to gravity. If the force applied by the earth on an apple is 100 Newtons, what is the mass of the apple, given the acceleration that apple undergoes is 10m/ s?? @s (b) 10 (1s (a) 20 Correct Answer: Option (a) LOB justrate Newton's Third Law of Motion. 1) Acricket ball strikes the wall; which option shows the correct pair of forces acting on the bal 113Hh pb (0) Correct Answer: Option (a) 2) Ablock X of mass “m” strikes another block Y of mass “2m”. Both the blocks collide and at point of collision the block X exerts the force of 10 N to block Y. What will be the size and direction of the force exerted by block Y? (a)10 N, in the same direction of force of block X (b)20 N, in the same direction of force of block X (c)10 N, opposite to the direction of force of block X (4)20 N, opposite to the direction of force of block X Correct Answer: Option —_(c) LOB : Identify situations that demonstrate the applicati Motioi n of Newton's third Law of 1) According to the third law of motion, every object acted upon by an external force applies an equal force in opposite direction. Which of the following phenomenon is best described by this law? 2(a) Recoil when a gun is fired (b) Engine thrust produced by rockets (An apple kept on the desk motionless (a) All of the above Correct Answer: Option (4) 2) A person pushes a rock, R1, to the right while pushing another rock, R2, that is heavier than R1. The total mass of R2 is three times the total mass of R1. If the person is pushing with enough force that the two rocks accelerate to the right, what can be said for sure about the magnitudes of the forces on the rocks? Ra RL (a) The force on R2 exerted by R1 is larger in magnitude than the force on R1 exerted by R2 (b)The force on Cart 2 exerted by Cart 1 is smaller in magnitude than the force on Cart Lexerted by Cart 2. (The force on Cart 2 exerted by Cart 1 is equal in magnitude to the force on Cart 1 exerted by Cart 2 (d)The force on Cart 2 exerted by Cart 1 could be larger or smaller depending on the size of the acceleration, Correct Answer: Option —_(c) LOB 0: Calculate momentum of bodies before and after a collision (when no external1) A Ball A of mass m1 travelling with a velocity u: collides with another Ball B of mass mz at rest. After collision the velocity of Ball A changes to v: and velocity of Ball B changes to v2. If the momentum is conserved, which option correctly relates the momentum before and after the collision? (a)@m,. 4) + Gmy.¥1) = (m2. v2) (b)Gmy.u) = ny. v1) + (ng. v2) (c) Gg. v2) — Gmy-uy) = (my. 74) (Gm. 4) = Om. v) — (omg. v2) Correct Answer: Option —_(b) 2) A boy of mass 40 kg jumps out of a boat of 200 kg on the bank, with a velocity of 2m/ s. If the momentum is conserved. With what velocity the boat will move backwards? (2)0.4 m/s (b)0.8 m/s (05 m/s (@)10 m/s Correct Answer: Option (a) RIT Fey e MR leCrel goy hal ity e@ Acti Objective Explain Newton's First Law of Motion & Inerti: a body will change its state of motion or rest in order to determine if Prerequisite Familiar with the concept of motion and rest. Material 1 Potato, and 1 straw Required Vocabulary Property, Inertia 14Procedure 1, Take a medium stiff straw, press it hard on the potato and write your observation, 2. Now shut the top end with thumb, hit it hard on the potato and again write your observation. Reflection Questions 1, What do you observe in both cases? 2, Inwhich case, does straw pierce into potato? Why? 3. Why couldn’tit pierce into potato in the first case? ‘Text to real 1. One's body movement to the side when a car makes a sharp turn world You fall in the forward direction when a moving bus brakes to a connection stop Beyond the Explainarherenmanfthaloaecmnroat detached from a tree ifwe classroom @ Activity Material required Ball pen refill, small plastic bottle, 4 bottle lid, 1 flexible straw, cycle spoke, pieces of rubber, rubber band, glue and balloon. Procedure 1, Make four holes in a bottle, weave cut cycle spokes through them to make wheel axles 2, Make holes in bottle lids to make wheels. 3. Make two holes in the bottle. one on the base and the other on the top. 4, Attach a balloon to the straw with a rubber band. 5, Inflate the balloon and close the end of the straw with your thumb. 6, When you place it on a smooth floor the car will shoot forwards. 15Reflection question 1. What made the car move forward? 2. Which law of Newton is used? 16