NARAYANA SCHOOL, HALDIA Wy Academic Year: 2023-24 ¥ THE NARAYANA GROUP rt aon ven . . No Biology Project i TOPIC- Alcohol abuse Name- Purbesh Mondal Class- XII Roll no.- FRYACKNOWLEDGEMENT Tam overwhelmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge my depth to all those who have helped me to put these ideas, well above the level of simplicity and into something concrete. I would like to express my special thanks giving gratitude to our Biology teacher Mrs. Jagriti Ghosh, who helped me out in various ways in making this project as well as our Principal ma'am Mrs. Saheli Ghosh Basu who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project, which also helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to know about so many new things. Any attempt at any level can’t be satisfactorily completed without the support and guidance of my parents and friends. I would like to thank them for helping me a lot in gathering different information, collecting data, and guiding me from time to time in making this project, despite their busy schedules.OVERVIEW Through the columns of this project, 1 would like to explore the topic Alcohol abuse. This study will include Signs of alcohol abuse, Effects of alcohol abuse, Aim of advocacy, Activities, Treating alcohol abuse, Prevention, etc.INDEX slno. Topic Page no. 1. Introduction 1 2. Alcohol abuse 2 3 Signs of Alcohol abuse 3 4. Effects of Alcohol abuse 5 5. Aim of Advocacy 6 6 Activities 8 9 ‘Treating Alcohol abuse 9 8. Prevention 11 Conclusion 12INTRODUCTION Alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl function group (OF) is hound to a saturated carbon atom. It is originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), the predominant, alcohol in alcoholic beverages (Reece, J.B.2011) Drug is a chemical substance that has known biological effects on humans or other animals (Emmet, 1986). The primary breakdown product of alcohol, acetaldehyde, rather than the alcohol itself (i.c., ethanol), may have a key role in brain changes produced by chronic alcohol consumption. Alcohol is a drug it self, used by many people with different reasons which vary from:- «Avoiding pain (physical and emotional) © Forgetting problems «And sometimes just for fun.ALCOHOL ABUSE Alcohol is classed as a depressant which slows vital functions resulting in slurred speech, unsteady movements, disturbed perceptions and inability to react quickly. As a drug, its use activates the dopamine pathway of the brain's reward system, that an intake of a certain drug will bring pleasurable effects. When an individual's drinking causes distress or harm, that’s called an alcohol use disorder. An estimated 10% of adult men and 5% of adult women have an alcohol use disorder. Their use of alcohol leads to health problems or troubles at home, at work, at school, or with the law. Many of them have lost control of their drinking; they are unable to stop or cut down despite serious negative health consequences and the loss of valued activities or relationships. Why some people abuse alcohol and others don't is not fully understood, but a family history of addiction to alcohol places a person at higher risk. Children of parents who have trouble with alcohol have a fourfold increased risk of the disorder. Heavy drinking can seriously damage the liver, stomach, heart, brain, and nervous system. It also increases the risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx (voice box), and oesophagus. Women who drink heavily are at higher risk of developing breast cancer and osteoporosis. In addition, people who drink heavily may not eat adequately, so they may develop vitamin and mineral deficiencies.SIGNS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE «An alcohol abuse disorder is a serious and progressive condition. But it is treatable. If you think you or someone you care about has a problem with alcohol, learn more about the disease and ask your doctor for help. ALCOHOLISM SYMPTOMS: ® t seamen PUT rac eae Early symptoms of an alcohol abuse disorder include drinking more than planned, continuing to drink alcohol despite the concerns of others, and frequent attempts to cut down or quit drinking. As alcohol abuse progresses, the individual develops a tolerance to alcohol. He or she must drink more alcohol to get the desired good feeling or to get intoxicated. © When a person becomes dependent on alcohol, and can’t get a drink, he or she develops withdrawal symptoms such as headache, nausea and vomiting, anxiety, and fatigue. ‘As alcohol abuse worsens, the person becomes preoccupied with alcohol and can lose control. He or she may have blackouts, which are episodes in which a person completely forgets what occurred when he or she was \ drunk even though he or she was conscious at the time. erFinally, personality changes occur. Someone suffering from alcohol abuse can become more aggressive and his or her ability to function (hold a job or maintain relationships with friends and family) can seriously deteriorate. Heavy drinkers may experience tremors, panic attacks, confusion, hallucinations, and seizures. People with alcohol problems often drink alone and say they use alcohol to help them sleep or deal with stress. People who drink excessively may also engage in risky sexual behaviour or drive when they should not. They are also at higher risk for dependency on other drugs. PROBLEM DRINKING ese eens ALCOHOL ADDICTIONEFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE Ethanol within this substance inhibits the release of the signalling molecule (Le neurotransmitter) which is Acetylcholine from the cortex. © More neurotransmitters are inhibited from moving through the synaptic cleft of the neurons. This takes place when large quantities of alcohol are consumed in a short period of time. © Alcohol has the ability to move upstream through the blood to the brain and interfere with the neural system. Individual will then start to experience slow functioning of the body to react to any provoking situation. © Activities like thinking, ability to make choices, Coordination and balance are affected. Further dependence on the mixture of drugs, without intervention lead to social problems like school dropout which: © Gives chance to engage individuals in crime to support hard dependency of substance use. Brain damage if under influence of substance NST Alcohol Damages the CerebellumAIM OF ADVOCACY Advocacy in this regard aims to alienate this alcohol abuse among teenagers in school and out of school. Teaching about alcohol and drug abuse in schools Launch educational programs to teach community members about alcohol and its effect on children. Inform individuals lacking knowledge about the effects on society. SUPPORT BY STAKEHOLDERS 10 BE INVOLVED Funding Proposal to the National Institute on Drug Abuse to support launching of programs Usage of community halls, resources like chairs and speakers, food parcels for the audience. Speakers invited to the event like social workers, teachers, police, parents and NGOs working against drug and alcohol abuse. MEDIA Young people (especially high school learners) through the media are exposed from an early age to a plethora of advertising which associates stress relief with the use of drugs. These platforms have the ability to reach the masses with information that can build their lives in the same way that it reaches them about the negatives. FAMILY Such risks would include family disruption, ineffective supervision, criminality and drug use in the family. Risk is involved if a young person (especially high school learners) is homeless or does not have a secure family environment.PEER NETWORKS; PARADIGM SHIFT The most important reference group for a young person in the community is often his or her peer Because the peer group is seen as such a vitally important support mechanism for the adolescent, he or she may go to great lengths to maintain acceptance and status in it, this means resorting to taking drugs to impress friends if they too are taking drugs as well. ‘THE INDIVIDUAL: YOUTH LEARNER Individual factors include low self-esteem, poor self-control, inadequate social coping skills, sensation seeking, depression, anxiety and stressful life events When one is young, one is constantly struggling to define and affirm identity. The cause of this process is that young people often start experimenting as part of their search for an identity. ‘THE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MILIEU:AVAILABILITY OF DRUGS. Having a few or no opportunities for education or demonstrating poor school attendance have been shown to contribute to a higher risk of using drugs Availability of drugs: Another risk factor would include the widespread availability of drugs where laws and regulations intended to discourage or prevent illicit drug use are not stringent or not enforced. This involves underage youth to buy alcohol and cigarettes in bar lodges, and the shopkeepers allowing that.ACTIVITIES. We will use media to engage learners and help them according to their different needs: Website:- this is where the learners can interact with other people having the same challenge as themselves, because there are links to certain organisations dealing with drug abuse. There is also information about drug abuse, motivational writings and referral to rehab organisations. Launch a Page on Facebook:- this is another platform to help interact with the learners having pressing issues regarding drug abuse. Media (website, Facebook, radio stations, Television); for communicating with the drug abuse victims, learners. Police; to help with inspection at the schools for any drug smuggling.TREATING ALCOHOL ABUSE «A person who needs help for alcohol addiction may be the last to realise he or she has a problem. Even if the addicted person refuses treatment, family members can get help and support from an organisation like Al Anon. * Many similar drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs offer counselling to family members, so that they can learn how to help the addicted person get the right kind of support and help. An important part of these programs is to make the drinker responsible for his or her behaviour, and to help the family stop shielding the drinker from the consequences of drinking. © Treating alcohol abuse begins by helping the drinker understand that he or she has a problem and needs help. Once a drinker wants to stop, treatment can take place in an outpatient setting (such as regular appointments with a counsellor) or in a hospital inpatient program (where the treatment is much more intensive). ¢ Almost all treatment programs view alcohol dependence as a chronic, progressive disease, and most programs insist on complete abstinence from alcohol and other drugs. Inpatient treatment usually begins with detoxification—supervised withdrawal from alcohol—usually with the help of medicine to ease the dangerous effects of withdrawal, including restlessness, agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and seizures. In its most severe form, alcohol withdrawal can be life-threatening. ¢ Treatment for alcoholism also addresses the medical and psychological consequences of alcohol addiction. Health professionals counsel the person and family about the nature of addiction and help the person find positive alternatives to using alcohol. Health professionals also help the individual cope with any related problems, such as depression, job stress, legal consequences of drinking, or troubled personal relationships © Maintaining sobriety—often called recovery—is a long-term process that can take many forms. Fellowship groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous are often very helpful ‘* Ongoing counselling and treatment with medicines can also play a role. Disulfiram (Antabuse) may be an option for people who want to try a drug to help prevent them from drinking. Disulfiram disrupts the breakdown of alcohol in the liver, making a person feel ill if he or she drinks alcohol.«Another drug, called naltrexone (Revia, Vivitrob), takes away the pleasant feeling that comes with drinking alcohol, so there is less interest in drinking. A third drug, acamprosate (Campral), reduces the unpleasant feeling that alcoholics experience when they don't drink. Coir 10PREVENTION Prevention is a powerful medicine than cure, individuals need to be taught information that is familiar to their situations. Skills to survive are of particular importance to be included in the educational curriculum. Keeping learners busy with skills that is ought to benefit them socially and financially won't give them an opportunity to think about stealing and time to participate in drugs BASIC GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE PREVENTION (COALITION): Involve young people in the programme design and implementation Involve parents and guardians Build life skills among the youth The importance of schools in prevention work CAMPAIGN: © The life skills approach (peer counselling) ‘* Media: Facebook, radio stations, Television Education on drugs.CONCLUSION Alcohol addiction and its increased usage causes a lot of diseases and disabilities in the world, Recent advances in neuroscience may help to improve policies to reduce the harm of tobacco, alcohol and other psychoactive drugs imposed on society. Spreading awareness and being self aware are the least we can do. It's a request to all, please be mindful of your actions, this may have a bad impact on you as well as your surroundings. Taking help is never a bad thing. If you are regretting your drinking habits and still can't get over it consult doctors. Some people don't even try to change their bad habits knowingly. So, take this step for your personal wellbeing. 2BIBLIOGRAPHY Links used: nding-alcohol-use-disorder ¢ hups:/[Link] orgiwiki/Alcohol abuse © https: ;[Link] Books used: CERT Biology Textbook for class 12 Comprehensive Biology class XII