MATHEy 184 : a eco we se (0 renee ee nig? tet tat aes" wyatt ae Te ic Ce 3 "x 2 i wers of *: This is the expansion of spin ascending PO wi) eer meant ae eg ee +102 natal, me. OHS it cx pau tecpennntp ae ee (vii) Putting x=1and @ inthe expansion of #9 ase : a-x" = ty Teta? 3% RereniG 2+. CU Ge Te a ay Gs! r= tea) secon o(r +n tein te xpaTion +2x)"is"C,. a+a"s"G- sent of 2” in the expansion of npmovremonmercr et} gt detest e+} ay" (x a)"}both have the same number oftrs (x —a)"} has (+) terms ad &) (reas (ea = 2 and, (xt a"-(@-0" = af vor pis than (x + a" + 2-9) a+ equal to (=) heres ifn is even, then (+0)" +( tee n n {e+ (x atm Type] DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF TERMS z of SaPRERions F TERMS IN THE EXPANSIONS OF BINOMIAL AND 2 RINOMAL EXAMP! me ee een -3y As) A (145 y2x)°+(1-5 22)” ii) (Je + Jy)" + We - 9)” a a ) (3x4 9)® Bx -y)*] (vi) me re x SOLUTION (i) The! i eat expansion of (x + a)"has(n + 1) terms. $0, the expansion of(2«-3#1 (i) Ifnis odd, then . : ; the expansion of x + a)" +(x — a)" contains( +2 2 contains 1 rms So, theexpa™ of (1 +5 J2x)? +(1-5 3x) has| 2*2 21) -stemsPage: Doro a THEOREM 18.5 nis ever” then the expansion of {ex + a+ (x -a"} nas(# + 1) terms. (f+ YO? +E — J)" has 6 terms. y We have, (2x+ 3¥ — 42)" -{2 + @y-42)} 27 (22)" (By — 42)" + "Cy (23)""* (By — 42)" + "Co (aut? (By 40)" + F f # 3 (23)} (By —42)" 2 + "Gn (39 — 2) . gives two terms, third she first term in the above expansion gi Oa eae anisolon) pansion gives one term, second term 0, total number of terms = 142434...¢n+(n+1) = (n+ 1) (n+ 2) 2 (n Hinis even, then {cx + a)"= (2 -0"} has % terms, So, (ax +y)® -(3x-9)" has 4 terms. (vi) Wehave, 20 +2x4%7) = {a+} =(1+2)” in the expansion of (1 + 2x + xr? - p, there are 41 terms INOMIAL THEOREM Type EXPANDING A GIVEN EXPRESSION USING THE 5! 4 Expand (x? + 2a)° by binomial theorem. | SOWTON Using binomial theorem, (es 29? = Co (27)° (20)° + °C (2) (20! + 5Cp (27)? (2a) : 4505 (22)? (202 +2C4 (2) (20)* + °Cr (x)° (2a)® = x! 45 (x5) (2a) +10 (x®) (4a) +10 (x4) (829) +5 (27) (16 at) +320" ets es Expand (2x — 3y)* by binomial theorem. | SOUMON Using binomial theorem, we obtain ! @r-3yt =(2x+(-3y)l* = key ant (3p? + $c (20° 39) #16344 4 (8x2) (— 3y) + 6 (422) (997) + 4029) (27 yy+ery! = 16:4 —9623y + 216x7y? ~ 21629" + siy* binomial theorem, expand: cy (2x) (- 39)? + 4c (22)! (-3y)? + Cy (- 3y)* yt By using @) Q+x+x7) (i) Let y=x+x?. Then, Q4x+x2)?= ty)? = Cot cease ate arte) : 14 3(e4 22) +3G7 +2 +xt)+{2o x9 (x7) + 8, x9 72x)? ofa-x+x) [NCERT EXEMPLAR] 5c, y+ 8Ca y+ Cy? = 2 yt Coy + Cay = 14+ 3y+ 3y’ +y> 3 Es + 3Cq x97? (x2)? + 8c x? «>I18.6 Wy = 143 (4x2) 4 3 (x2 4209 4 xt) e (x + xt + 32° + 2°) 8, = 3°43 4 624 4799 4 6x2 4 3x41 Gi) Let y=—x+x?, Then, Gax+x7)4 = yt a tey 4 tc, y 4 Scoy? + 'Cay? + cy y4 = 14 4y + 6y? 4 4y9 4 y4 = AURORE AL +3 0. 2, | = 1-42 (1—2) + 6x? (1-2)? - 4x9 1-29 + 4-0! =1-4x (1~3) +6271 -2x-4.22) -429(8C9 3 Cy x49 Cy x? 3. x3) fll Sn 7 * Seri oy = 1-4x4 4x? + 6x7 (1- ate -4x3 ae 3x + 3x7 —x5)4 x4 Ce ~4x + 6x? 4): a = 1 4x4 4x? + 6x? - 1973 + 6x4 — 4x9 + 12x4 - 129° + 4x6 4 x A 45 4 646 <12is 1-4x + 10x? —16x9 +1924 - 162 + 102° — 4x7 + x8 4 wyhathe Using binomial theorem, expand (0 +2 =) /x#0. SOLUTION We have, (NCERT}THEOREM gion 16.7 b eae a 3 P38) a pee Xe lO, 2-5 4x4 +4 8 209 S363 ae f Find the expansion of(3x2 — Beg) Uy pal he of 3x" — 2ax + 3a7)3 using binomial theorem. {NCERT] (at -208 + 3a’)? 3 : fo? =2ax) + 30? EZ 53751210 43, 2 2 9Cy(3x" - 20x)" (34°) + “Cy (3x* ~ 2a)? (307) + 9C, (3x? — 20x)! (32)? : 8 ty ; + 9C3 (3x2 - 20x) (3a)? 2 (3x7 —2ax)° + 9a” (3x” — 2ax)? + 2704 (3x? — 2ax) + 2708 3 23 0,3 De +| Cy (3x")° (-2ax)” +” Cy (3x)? (-2ax)" +3 Cy (3x2) (-2ax)? +[Link] (3x7)? (-2ax°} : + 9a" (9x* -120x3 + 4a? x) + 2704 (3x7 -2ax) + 270° i. (7x -54 2° a+ 36x* a? — 8x9 a9) + (81x* a? —108x9 a? + 36x” a4) : + (81x? a* —54x0) + 270° | = 17x® -54xPa + 117x° a® -116x? a? +117x" a4 —54x0° + 270° 11 “parlp/ Using binomial theorem, espana + :) . y _ SOLUTION We have, 11 0 2 3; (+3) = "cy (2) Me, 2° (z}+ "ee 2 (3) + Meg 38 (2) 4 5 6. 7 8 ree (t] seat} teee(f) ee orl q 9 ne fi 11 Mg, x22) 4% os lg. (:] + x + Cio x + 9 (:] 10 (?] 11 y fe 2 6 10 9 8 My 11 2 55% +165 25 + 930% + 4627, + 462 ew y y ¥ y 4 3 2 330x* 165x~ 55x" ix 1 + tt ata Eee ¥ Supt pag abs z "cy <8" [NCERT] oe umn We have, G+ x" = "Cy 4 "Cy x +"Co x7 ee Cae Gey" fF % F ad o$i) We have, 18.8 Mat, MEMATICg Putting x = 3 on both sides, we get , (1+3)" = z "Cy 3! fon, dim BC, 3” re r=0 Type IIT ON APPLICATIONS OF BINOMIAL THEOREM _eySurngs aan approximation of(0.99)° using the first three terms of its expansion, SOLUTION We have, 5 P = A-00nia liek (o99P = (1 0.01)? = (0 } 2 3 4 5 mECyeccr iw + °C) (a) ake, (&) + 5c, (zs) =O, (i) tO. lO enol nee 10000 "1000000 * (19) (200 = 0.05 + 0.001 IN [Neglecting fourth and other terms] DASPLe 10 _ Using binomial theorem, compute the following: @ (99 i) (1026 yey (104) SOLUTION (i) We have, (99° = (100 -1)° = °Co x (100)° —5c, (1004 + °Cq x (100)? ~5c x (100)? + = (100)° -5 x (100)* + 10 (100)? - 10 x (100)? +5 x 100 -1 = 10 -5x 10° +107 -10° +5x 102-1 = (10 +107 +5x 10) -(6x108 (ii) We have, (102)® = (100+ 2)6 = %q x (100) + $C, x (100)8 x 2+ 8Co x (100)4 x 2? + C5 x (100)9 x 234 8, x (100)? x 24 4 = (100)° + 6x (100)° x 2-415 x (100)4 x 2? °C4 x (100) -5¢, x (100)? +10°+ 1) = 10010000500 - 500100001 = 9509900499, $C x (100)! x 23 + 8 x (100)° x 24 +20 x (100)? x 23 + 15 x (100)? x2 +6 (100)! x 25 +2) = 10"? +1210" + 6109 +16 107 +24 10° +192 x 107 + 64 = 1126162419264, (101)° = (10+01)° = Co x (10) x (01) + 5c, x (10)* x (01) + 5c, x (10) x (01) + 55 x (10)? x (oa)? +74 « (10) x (0:1)8 + 5cy x (10) x (0d = (10)° +5 10* x 01 +10% 103 x (01)? 4.10% (10)? « (01)3 +5 x 10 x (02)4 +(04)° = 10° +5% 10° +10? +1 +5. 0,001 + 0.00001 = 100000 + 5000 + 100 +1 + 0.005 + 0.00001 = 105101,00501.EOREM 18.9 1 : ae an gisdiistle by OA where n isa positive integer, [NCERT] _ ont n+), ne Teose , 5 b BC Cp Cy ior ani en ieee OMe f 228 we a1, piyttt 2 n+], 3 1 fps. co 1 (8) #"* 26908)? + ™* 10508) 4.4" IC, 1 (8)"*? 8) £ qth a Le (tI) x B+" IC. (8) 4"* 105 (8) +. IG, 18" 2 1, git} 81-9 =(8) iF Cy +"* C5 (8) +"* 10, 4...404 ‘G10 git} 81-9 = 64x an integer 41 _ 87-9 is divisible by 64. fis Using binomial theorem, prove that 6" —5n always leaves the remainder 1 when divided [NCERT] ON We have, gi -5n = (1 +5)" —5n Peon {"o Cy x (8) + "Cy x (5)? + "Cg x (5)? 4... + "Cy or} -5n 6h Bn = 14.50 + "Co x5 + "C3 x5° +... + "Cy x 5" —5n 2 (6-5-1 = "Cy x52 4 "Cy x59 4... + "Cx" BG) 5n—1 = 5818p 4 "Cg x54 7Cg x5? ++ Ey x57} > 6"-5n-1 = 25x an integer > 6"-5n = 25x an integer +1 > 6"—5nleaves the remainder 1 when divided by 25. | LEVEL-2 Type IVAN Exe. SION OF A BINOMIAL BY USING BINOMIAL THEOREM fx 13_Alsing binomial theorem, expand {ee +yP +(e -w} and hence find the value of {asap +(y2 -0'}. XUTION We have, (r+yP +(x-y)> = 2 {co 45, x9 y+ Cy x" y‘} =2(# +10x7y? +5xj*) Ming x= /2 and y =1, we get WP. pen? 2{«/3)° +10(/2)° +5 V3} =2( 42 +202 +52)=58 2 Ri If O be the sum of odd terms and E that of even terms in the expansion of (x + a)", prove 0? 52 642 _ 2" (i) 4OE=(x +." —(-0)" S 2(0? +E) =(x+a)" +(x-a)"MATHEY, Mc, " 18.10 SOLUTION We have, 3 (xtay" = "Cox" ae tCye Saye => (x+a" = {tot "Ca? es pa tCg Pa tent yaa Nahe "= O+E - i) oT ea Bg? 2M, x1? 09 +... Ney at teat hal "Cat 0 1 eye e se can, = freytstente tea fare 7s} and, (x-a)" = = (x-a" es (x-@)" =O-E Multiplying (i) and (ii), we get (x+a)"(x-a" = (0+HO-A x (0? 0)" = o2-E Gi) We have, 40E = (0+B?-(0-E) =) ore {o + al’ e { (x -a"}" [Using (j) and (i > 40E = (x+a)"-(x-a)™" (iii) Squaring (i) and (ii) and then adding, we get (x+0)"+4(x-a)" = (0+B? +(0-B? = 20° +E”). Type V ONAI -ATIONS OF BINOMIAL THEOREM wi is larger(1.01) 1° or, 10,000? INCERT] SCLUTION We have, (1.01)1 _ 10000 = (1+0.01) 1 _ 10000 = 1000000 1000000, (0,01) + 199°C, (0,01)2 + n+ 2% Cr ogggng x (0.01) — 20000 = (1 + 1000000 x 0.01 + other positive terms) - 10000 = (1 + 10000 + other positive terms) - 10000 + other positive terms > 0 2.0110 5 10000 baget te and b are distinct integers, prove that " —b" is divisible by (a —b), whenever n €N [NCERT SOLUTION We have, a” = ((a-b) +)" = a ="Cq(a-by"+"Cy (a8) "84" Cy (q—py2 52 fat at Balaban ptr 1p) mS = a —B" =(a—-b)" + "Cy (a-b)" bY + "Cp (q—b)" 224 4, 1(a-0)b" |tar careao {a a6 Oy ety be Ry ase ote a ; ¢, RS ig divisible by (a=). Hence, 2” ~b" is divisible by (@ - 5) ao ae omaha prove that (11)"" +100 4 99. [NCERT EXEMPLAR] lgufon Letx = 101 and y = 100% + 99”! Then, gy = 101 ~100° - 99 x-y = 101% - 99 - 100% 2 x-y = (10041) ~(100 -1)™ -100° Bye? {cy 1008 + *C3 «10087 +... + Cy « 100} ~100 5 oy = 100% + 2% C3 x 1007 +... + 2% Cy x 100-100 erry = 2x C3 x 1007 +... 42x PCy x 100 = t-y = 4 positive integer = «t-y>0 > 3>y = 101 >100% +99 EXERCISE 18.1 &. Dg binomial theorem, write down the expansion ofthe following @er+sy ~~ — )2x-3y gin (x-2) @w) 0-327 1 oo (uxt) iC vi) (E- Ev (ri PYz- 2 Yay? wilt) 0422-37) (x+1-1) A @) 0-224 32°)? / 2 eee woe oh FA+ =) +( rt -/F=1) JAF) + x-e Fay ha+2 Jz) +a -2J5° Gh (V2 +8 +2 -D® 243+ /2)° -(3 - V2)" vt) (2+ V3)" +(2-V3" SATB + 1° -(/3 -1)" (yisi) (0.99) + 1.01)" JB 3 + J2)° -(J3 - J2° INCERT} 4 whos [Fa i} +(e -{? =a} (NCERT, NCERT EXEMPLAR] 4 _\ “Find (a + by —(a —b) 4 Hence, evaluate( /3 + 12) -(3 F 8) 5 INCERT] Fy : Find(x +1)6 + (x -1)°. Hence, or otherwise evaluate(/2 + no + V2-n*. INCERTIMATHEMATIOS 18.12 x Using binom: (i (96)° [NCERT] \ pf Using binomial theorem, uw Using binomial theorem, (if n is a positive integer, P J s 10000 oP Ising binomial theorem, indicate which is larger’ (1.1) m determine which number is smal e following: (i) ao1)* {NCERT] Gv) (98)° INCERT, = 1 is divisible by 49, where €N. visible by 64,1 €N. ble by 676. te each of th [NCERT] 3" 7H 2n+ 2 _ gn -9 is di jal theorem evalual ii) 102)” prove that 2 prove that 3 rove tat 3°" — 260-1 is divisi or 1000? INCERT] iter (1.2) or 800? ( Using binomial theore! aces of decimal. 10 (= 0.01)” correct to 7 p! {NCERT EXEMPLAR] He Find the value of (1.01) it+4_15n-16, where n € Nis divisible by 225. Show that _______ ANSWERS 1. @ 322 +240 x4y +720 x°y? + 1080 x?y? +610 xy* + 243 ¥ (i) 16 x4 -96 xy + 216 Py? -216 xy? + 81 y* i) x° -6x4 +15? -20+ 8 Sigh x xt x? (iv) 1 -21x +1892? - 94529 + 28952" 51032? +5103x° — 2187" (0) ax — 6 Pxth +15 ax?” ~20 a5? +15 aot oad? , of : ibe x x i e a eae te een pa ames 0415-6 tS (vii) x2 62/3 gQl3 4/3 2/3 " a3 415 x4/3 a2/3 — 20 ax +15 x2/3 aM/3 6 x3 F/3 4 a? (viii) 1+ 10x + 252” - 40x3 -190x* + 922° 6 .: eg +570x° — 360x” - 675x® + 810x? 10 (x) 843x754 5-4 eee x x (x) 1-6 —44x3 2 1 pe 442° + 63x4 —54x° + 272° . (i) 16x(4x°-3) ii) 6 64x —96x4 (iv) 198 x fe Sexiest 2 (iii) 2(1 + 40x + 80x ei 82 (vi) 10084 ; Ha iii) 2.020001 (ix) 396 (6 Rios : (vii) 152 x 3. 8(a°b +ab*), 40/6 4. 2(x° + 15x4 : Sepa ee SADE Aet + 2 5. (i) 884736 Pn x" + 15x" +1), 198 (040808032 (iii) 104060401 r (iv) 9039207968 9, (1.4)! 5 1000 10. 800 11. 2,0090042 a ee ey 7 HINTS Ti ‘O NCERT & SELECTED PROBLEMS oe AL (ix) We know that (x + a)"—(x—a)" <9 fn { Cy Tac, 3 43, }" g, ry ape + Rh termisgivenby "C, x"~" d Thus, if T; , denotes the (r +1)" term, then Ber eG is pou. general term, because by giving different values to r we can determine all terms of ie ae since (x9) " -{x + (-a)}”. So, the general term in the binomial expansion of (x — a)" is given by Tera 2a =I "Gd inthe pinomial expansion of (1 + x)", the general term is given by Daly = "C, x jn the binomial expansion of (1 — x)", the general term is given by Gar =i "CG ¥ york; Inthe binomial expansion of(x + a)", the term from the end is((n + 1) —r +1)=(n-1 + 2)th term from the beginning. 18.4.1 MIDDLE TERMS IN A BINOMIAL EXPANSION The binomial expansion of (x + a)" contains (n + 1) terms. Therefore, th (i) Ifnis even, then (5 + 1) term is the middle term. n+3 th th (i) If nis odd, then (4) and ( } terms are the two middle terms. gE : ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Type] ON FINDING THE GENERAL TERM OR AN INDICATED TERM IN THE BINOMIAL EXPANSION OF SOME GIVEN EXPRESSION EXAMPLE1 Write the general term in the expansion of (x? - y)® INCERT] SOLUTION We have, (x7 -y) s-{2? +(- v} The general term in the expansion of the above binomial is given by Tei 8, (x7)8-" (-y" Fie nenaee a | Seer “2 7 2,1 AMPLE 2 Find the 1th term in the binomial expansion of (2 - =) ‘18.16 MATHEN Gy SOLUTION We know that the (7 + 1)th term in the expansion of (x + a)" ig given ic n Faas Ge of V2 Therefore, in the expansion of (23? +3) , the tenth term Ty9 is given by x ) Tho = Tox. = cy (2x)!2-9(1 Here:n=12,7=9, — 10 41 ‘Cy (2x") 3 7=9,x27,2 anda, 12 RvB mahosiade 3{ 1 fy Sy Tho = Cy (2x7)? x = Moyne = | x x 12, 8 12x 11x10 1760 = Tho SC fate oy => 1d 3 10 373 iia x? [: Cy aR x 3 12 XAMPLE3 Find the 9th term in the expansion of (: x3 %) 7 Be SOLUTION We know that the (r + 1)th term in the expansion of (x + a)" is given by er (orci ag a 12-8 8 4 8 Hoan 3a Dey, 3 ‘ > ee = (2) (-3] =! (2) (-3] Sey x 38 xt * x x SS Ty = C4 x7? af 38 a Therefore, in the expansion of| E > =) , the 9th term Ty is given by x 9 EXAMPLE4 Find the 6th term in the expansion of (¢ - Z| ° 2x 9 5 SOLUTION Clearly, (¢- 3) -{¢ -(- = } ce x om 9-5 5 be = aee(efer(gf cgay we epee] 3 }--22 Opec re Be 1 y8 pncextl roupts Find 13th term in the expansion ao» -zR x #0, SOLUTION Clearly, (oa) “fo (s8)"12 HEOREM 1 24g 6 Z atc, o0 *(-s5) = cy. 98" [7 BV 3. 7012+? _ 8C, 9K OX Fra tah 32 x° F 3 4th term from the end in the expansion of [2 eres g6 Find the ansion contains 8 terms. he beginning 4 the given exP )th =5th term from d Clearly, =(8-4+1 ‘om the end 7-4 3 x red term= J = Ta+1 ~ "ca(] (-=] 4 Eis ee eee ose 32 )(x2) = 322° [~ 7c, =7Ca| ze a “e = et 76 7m po 48 Bx 2x1\ x 6 25 oul es fr Requil x 6 1) Find the 1th term from the end in the expansion of | 2% — 3) the given expansion contains 26 terms. (26-11 + 1)th term from the beginning i.e. 16th term from the pxaMr’ Clearly, soLumio! $0, 11th term from the end = e 15, ry 1 Required term = Tie = Tend = Cys (2x) ee) c 5] x 10 25, 10) 10 Cie ps) = Cis x 200% x ag = C15 * 35 x x Dott n, if the ratio of the fifth term. from the beginning to the fifth term from the end in 1 (NCERT] theexpansion of (# a a] aed " SOLUTION Clearly, = (n+1-5+1)™ term from the beginning Fifth term from the end = = (n— 3)" term from the beginning n-4 Now, =T1s 1="Ca {82 a a, - and n- : a S148 } Itis given that _& v6 Tes18.18 MATHEMAT os fess See al) "CyigX 2x3 4 n54 n-4 " -1 -1 > 234. x aiteeee? li oo n-8 n-8 => 24 x3 4 26"? Ree) ze n-8 1 > (2x3) 4 Seigetcean 4 = 60? wp Be ad > 1-8-2 n= 10 , : 50 EXAMPLE9 Finda, if 17th and 18th terms in the expansion of(2 + a)” are equal. SOLUTION Wehave, _ a oe Ty =Tho4 1 = Cag (2) 16 al? = Cg x 2 xa - 17 _ 50, 33, 17 and, Tag =Tyz 4. 1 = PC yy (2977 a! = Cy x 2 x a It is given that 17" and 18" terms are equal. INCERT, ie = Ty =Tg Z > ay, x24 x gle =*%Cy7 x2 x ql? 50 17 a7! = Cie pane _50! x 2! 33117! 17 5G, 6 > a= Baler cor 2= 2s 1 Type IT ON FINDING THE MIDDLE TERM(S) 20 10 Find the middle term in the expansion of (3 x Jal . x th, SOLUTION Here n = 20, which is an even number. so,{ +1] term ie. 11th term is the middle term. 20-10 10 Hence, the middle term =Tj3 =Tiq 1 =Cyp G 2] (- 2) Bina 3 EXAMPLE 11 Find the middle terms in the expansion of | 3x -2_| . 6 Heren =7, which is an odd number. 7 3 SOLUTION The given oon +( 3x- al 741 teed (ay ana(754-1) ie. 4th and 5th terms are two middle terms. Now, = 7 7-3 . I 37, A i 10x"? 1 =C = x Th =T34.1=7Cs (3a) Z =(-1) eat] ee2-107 by | ‘= 33 sk ginOMIAL THEOREM “ Te =T41=7Cq (3x97 -4{ x3 4 _ ONSET ay caigd| ae) Sasa 6 48 Hence, the middle terms are — 108 x19 43528 8 EXAMPLE QA Show that the middle term in cheat al Se x)" is 1:3-5... (Qn=1) ER my INCERT] TION The exponent Pa ponent ah signee entree 2n th 241) ie. : wo(F+?) ie. (n +1)” term is the middle term in the binomial expansion of (1+ x)™". Now, Thar "Cy (1) 2" as Mc, a eye 2) 8 @n=m ini = 1: [Link]-6..0n= 9) Qn=2) (20-9) nin! 1.3:5...2n~3) nn} {2-4-6... (2n=2) 2) Tal a aint 1-3-5... (2n—3) (2n—1)} 1.2.3... 2-1) ()}2" nin! 1-3-5...(2n-3) (2n-1)} nt-2". 2" 1.3-5...(20=1) a eee om nln! 2n g 1 zxameylis Show that the middle term in the expansion 2-2) is ae ec ae [NCERT EXEMPLAR] 3 nl on th SOLUTION The exponent in (3) is an even natural number. So, es = 1) ie. (ney x term is the middle term and is given by Sa - ~ meen c™"(-4) See eS ee OM gr be 1:2. 3-4-5-6...(20-1)(2) yh a nin!18.20 MATHE an Tle, * The i1= a 3.5...(20-3) n i, Ten ee ee a nt middle term in the rare of (1+ xn Bens a 2n- sion f+ 2) (NCEE the middle term in the expansion of(1 , * Eys(PLE 14 Prove that the coefficient of the sum of the coefficients of middle terms inthe expa? SOLUTION As discussed in the previous example, is given by Tyy1= "Cn" it an f the smile term inthe expansion of( +x)" is So, the coefficient } zat index (2n-1) is odd. Now, consider the expansion of (1 + xy". Here, the index ( ) | th So, (ey aed (oa é 1} ie. nt" and (n+ 1)" terms are middle tern, | Ae 2 2 pe (2n=1)-(n- 1) ad m-Ic gl Now, Tn=Tn- ye n-1 0) * n-1 an-1 2n- mt = es Gt 2n-1 So, the coefficients of two middle terms in the expansion of (1 + Pt are °C, and m-Ie. * Sum of these coefficients a teen EC. a 2 (0-14 IC, fe "G2" mH . =G, \ Fi i a+)” = Coefficient of middle term in the expansion of ( Type I ONIDING THE COEFFICIENT FOR A GIVEN INDEX (EXPONENT) OF pe VARIABLE 1 0. exampul 15 Find the coefficient of 19 in the binomial expansion of? - 3), when x# 11 3 SOLUTION Suppose (+ 1)th term contains x” in the binomial expansion oi e 3) : ll) a Teac ann(-3) (1 Ms, after) gf ® IFT, x contains 27°, then 2-3r=10 > r=4. $0,(4+1)thie, 5th term contains", * Putting r =4 in (i), we get ene, 2 4x gtx x! = Noy x” x 34x x" Coefficient of x1° = Ney x2” x 34 Now,y sou gal Suppose (r + 1)th term i 32, 15 quo involves x°* in the expansion o( of +) x THE! REM 18.21 6 Find the coefficients of x®2 and 4-17 j uy ofx™” and x7"” in the expansion of| (* - 4) ‘ x } Bo (ty 15- y = Be, 7 |e oe this term to contain x™,we must have 60-77 =32 > r=4. 32 gq (4 DIRE ae ct 5 pees AO Be (- 14 3660-28) 2 Bo, 82, - Be cei inf 2 BC, be 1066: 15 (5 +1)th term in the binomial expansion a(s - + contains x wy x Bc, oy (-3] 2 aye 0-78 (ii) suppose Now, Toi = this term contains x “17 we must have 60-75 = -17 > s=il $o,(11 +1)th ie. 12th term contains xe Putting s =11 in w re Bet Ty = eau RC; an wtehge i = - 1365. 3 in mi expansion of (x + ay)’. f the expansion of (x + 2). -17 72 Boye eC ="C yar] Coefficient of x” BAMPLE17 Find the oe of xy pose x° y 3 occurs in(r +1)" term o! {NCERT] SOLUTION Sup Now, Bee ths 9, xa xP xy This will contain 2° yi 9-r=6 and ne =>rs3 9x 8x7x6l §=672 Coefficient of x° y° = 5cyx 2? #5164 Bix 61 18 Find the coefficient of 40 in the expansion of (i+ 2x +* 227, SOLUTION We have, ” densest” {asa} a(1+%) Seppove x49 Reamer e term in the expans Now, en G ion of (1 + oeMATH Men Tey 18,22 For this term to contain x®, we must have r = 40- So, coefficient of x4? = *4Cyo. aie ALITER We know that the coefficient of x” in (t + ar is"G- 1 +x) is Co. Coefficient of x*” in ( x in the expansion of ax? 3 4 EXAMPLE19 Prove that there is no term involving ® ~3| there *0 11 th in the expansion of 2x7 -3 S geod in oi) ae le y yer af y22- Erle meena! * Now op ec ‘(-3] = Mc, (-0) For this term to contain x", we must have 22-3r=6 > re, which is a fraction. But, ris tural number. Hence, E 20 Find the coeficient of in the SOLUTION We have, (1+2%)8(1-2)" = fi + SOLUTION Suppose x or ae. 6 there is no term containing * 6 E expansion of the product (1+2x)° (1 -2)). INCERT 6 > 6¢, (22) + Ca (28) + 6, (2x9 + “Ce (2x8 + %z (22) + %Cg (anf 7c, x+ "Cy 2 -"C3 x2 +7Cy ca 370s ° real 2 (1 +12x+ 60x" + 16023 + 24024 + 192% +-..) (17a + 21x? - 352° + 35x - 212 +..) -7+192x1 xq1- 60 x (-35) +160 21 + 240x 3360 - 1680 + 192 = 171 10 EXAMPLE? Find the term independent of xin the expansion of (= 3 3] f 2x SOLUTION Let(r +1)th term be independent of x in the given expression. mt) 7 Ry che, a(-3] = s-r(-2) nm <4. 2 This term will be independent of x, if 20-5r=0 > 1r=4 So, (4 + 1)th i.e. 5th term is mependent of x. Putting r = 4 in (i), we get = *u3*(-4] _ 10x9x8x7 729 _ 76545 o Coetfiient of x°in the product =1x(-21) +12x 35+ = 214 420-2100 + Type IV ONFINDING THE ‘TERM INDEPENDENT OF THE VARIABLE 2) 4x3x2x1 16 8 76545 8 Hence, required term =LE 7 gsi tteoneM 19.23 Find the term independent of x in the expansion of pb 12 go ) A e a x Oz, wo 0) For: v a term . ‘independent ofr in the given expression. L 7 en oe le = Boca ete i) 1m to be independent of x, we must ha pat or =0 > r=6 RS 6 gythie. 7th om is pea of x. Putting r = 6 in (i), we get BF ="cg(-1P = “Ce “ required term = mney @ Let(r+ 4)th term be independent of in the given expression. 0, 10- 1 D1 * Noor au (2) =(-f Mc, 210-7 10-2 6) term to be independent of x, we must have 40-2r=0 > 7 =5 go, 6+ Dthie. 6th term is independent of x, Putting r =5 in (i), we get 5 10; 10-5 10, 10x 9x 8x7x6 =(-1~ “C5.2 Oc ee SF BOGE Bead nS oF Sxax3xaxl Now, porthis Hence, required term = - 8064 10 aug Find the value of aso that the term independent of xin (# + 4] is 405. 10 TION. Let(r +1)" term in the expansion a(e + 4] be independent of x. x Now, : 5-T-2r 2 : = a 10, Pe Ce (iz) (5) aloe This will be independent of x, H . r ir or e-2r = pee ae =o 5 3 eed) 2 o=>5 2 =r d wali) hitingr = 2in (), we get:T, = 1°Cp a7 lis given thatthe term independent of x is equal to 405. 5 Meg? = 405 = 450° = 405 > f= 9 a= 43 TeV PROBLEMS RELATING TO COEFFICIENTS IN A BINOMIAL EXPANSION Hoang the problems relating the coefficients in the binomial expansion we generally use the “lowing results: () Coefficient of (r + 1)th term in the binomial expansion of (1 + x)" is "C,. A) Coefficient of x” in the binomial expansion of (1 + a is"C,. (8) Cocficient of 2” in the expansion of (1 -3)"is(-1 "C- Coeticient ofr + 1)th term in the expansion of(1-2)"is(-1 "C,.18.24 EXAMPLE 24 J mt, In the binomial expansion of(1 + a) * ", prove that the coefficients of @” init eth SOLUTION Let A and B be the coefficients of a” and a” respectively in the » cs tN a (1+2)"*". Then, A =Coefficient of a in the binomial expansion of (1 + 4) (m+n)! mint m+ B = Coefficient of a” in the binomial expansion of(1+a)y"*" > Be ™N _ (mtn! mint Clearly, A =B ive. the coefficients ofa” an EXAMPLE25 Prove that the coefficients of” in(1 + 2) m+ => Ate 7G fi ii) dain the binomial expansion of(1 + )”*" are ‘es 21 i5 twice the coefficient of x” in (1 + x)-1 ; INCER SOLUTION Let A and B be the coefficients of x” in the binomial expansions of (1 + 1) ang (1 + x)"" | respectively. Then, , (2A)! = (2n) (2n=1)! _ (2-1)! 6) 23 ‘ 2n =n ‘A = Coefficient of x” in (1 + x) ‘Cr = Sasa lat rata ee , (2n-1)! oan ' 2n-1_ n-] mn —1)! . B = Coefficient of x” in (1+ 2)" = Se = Godin li maaan an 1 = 2B ile. Coefficient of x” in (1 + x)" = 2x Coefficient of x” in (1 + x) EXAMPLE 26 In the binomial expansion of(a + b)", the coefficients of the fourth and thirteenth termsare — equal to each other. Find n. SOLUTION The coefficients of the fourth and thirteenth terms in the binomial expansion ot (a +b)" are "C3 and "Cy, respectively. It is given that: Coefficient of 4th term in (a +b)” = Coefficient of 13th term in (a + by)” =. "C3 = "Cy > n=15 fe "Cy="Cy > 84 orxtyetl cag Find a positive value of m for which the coefficient of x? in the expansion of(1 +») CI [NCERT SOLUTION We know that the coefficient of x” in (1 + x)" is "C,. Therefore, coefficient of (+x) isCy. 1s given tat the coefficient of x” int +x)" is 6, m, Cp =6 m(m~1) 2! > mw -meai2 =610.25 ae A= Me HEOREM : 2_-m-12=0 a ence)? [- m+ 340) Be m-47° 2° mot 34 gre equal ‘i _stt th is ion of 0+) are qn Ca nes If the coefficients of (r 5)" and (2r -1) terms in the expansio af pnceRT) 1 ig "C, e roxy We know that the coefficient of ri term in the expansion of ( * Bn sour expansion of(1 +2) Get Co re, rerefor ents of(r _5)t" and (2r — 1)!" terms in the spective itis giver that these coefficients are equal 3) Wc, _g= Cx? [- nenencteeyt = r+s =n 64+2r-2=34 __4, which is not possible] E pagar 2 Ont — 2 gr -8 = 34 fe r- ae Aa 3 Loictit Type VI PROBLEM: IN CONSECUTIVE TERMS oR CONSECUTIVE coeFFicl ive terms OF coefficients of consecutive terms in the exP: we assume that the consecutive terms arer® (r+ 1)" and r+ piel, - L rms, we find ae T, 6=y-2>7 ENTS ansion of (x + a)” are givery Tp 1and Tr +2 T; T-1 case of consecutive te! and Trad _ In n-r+1a Bi ro th my Mca ee +2) coefficient should be noted that ee 1)"" coefficient (+ 2) coefficient Incase of consecutive coefficients, etc. to get equations and solve them. we may use the following results: Incomputing these ratios, n a ac; = (7 n-r+1 aad rid nT "ames of (1 + x)" are in the ratio A i parte af The coefficients of three consecutive terms in the expansion (NCERT] [Link]. Find n. SOLUTION Let the three consecutive terms be rth, (7 +1)th and (r+2)th terms. Their 2 ; IC, and "C, + 1 respectively. Itis given that, coefficients in the expansion of (1 + xt are"C, -1/ 1 mane GC, +1 = [Link]18.26 > m8 +120 ATHENA and, "G7 , "Gy 2 a) = mt Ae a nr 6 5] = n-7r-6 =0 "a i Solving (i) and (ii), we get r=7 and =55. 0 In the binomial expansion of (1 + 2)", the coefficients of the fifth, sixth and seventy 5 are in A.P. Find all values of n for which this can happen. 7 SOLUTION The coefficients of fifth, sixth and seventh terms in the binomial expansion of(1 4 yf are "C4, "C5 and "Cg ae We are given that "C4 ,"C5 and "Ce are in AP. 2%Cs5 = "Cy + B pi = 2 ace S “ [Dividing both sidesty'cy GG f ; ; rset 1 t ea Bec. Sere ana 6 ae a og 3s Oe 30 + (n- 4) (n-5) 6(n-4) > 12n - 48 = 30 +n 2 _on+20 => n° -2In+ 98= =0 => (n-14)(n-7) = 0> n=7,14. 1-1 1 af * lin the binomial expansion of (1 + a)" arein A.P. prow a hea 7a f n(4r +1) +47? -2=0. [NCERT SOLUTION The coefficients of a’ 1, a’ and a’** in the binomial expansion of ( +a" ae iC "C, and "c, , respectively. It is given that "G2 y "C, and "C,,,arein AP. 2G, ="G1t"Ge1 'eg = 2-— a aes G Gq = n etl > 2=— eee ae n-r+1. r+1 ae ' (r+1)(n-r+1) e afm-r+n +n} arir+t)+(n-n)(n-r41) => Qnr 2p? + Int Qar? sr gn? —Qore re en—r 2 ry => nt? — dur -n+ 47? -2=0 => 1? -n(4r +1) +47? -2=0EM THEOR 18.27 The coefficients of (r ~1)"", rth and (r + 1)¢# a yg, Find and oo We know that the coefficient of rth term i in the expansion of (x + 1)" is "C, _ terms in the expansion of (x +1)" are in the cients of (r-1), pth th it ON rand (r +1) terms are "C,_5, "C,_1 and ‘e ae yen that eB ic 93"C,-1:"Cr =[Link] ” Beeps ng I=L 8 = G1 ° C2 1 Pete and eaters "Cc, _n-r+1 o> r 3 r-1 dt a r r-1 gn-8r+ 3=0 and n—4r+5=0 3 n=7 and r=3 (LeveL? | Tye VII ON FINDING THE UNKNOWN WHEN THE VALUE OF A TERM IS GIVEN aus -¥ the third term in the expansion a(2 + x!°810 ‘yi is 1000, then find x. gluTION We have, T} = 1000 Tha 1 = 1000 it\tarer ‘a() (x!8*)? = 1000 x 3 10(x!810*)? x x-> = 1000 = 8107, 3 = 100 2 glogiox-3 _ 492 % 2logig x-3 = log, 107 2 * logo x- 3 mae 2-3 = ;, where y = log io * Dey -sy-2 = 0 : Qy+1)(y-2) = Ys2or pase be 2 “2 + 4 ; M810 x=2 or logig® =} > x = 107 = 100 or, x=10 aayMATE MA TE , 4 18.28 6 namaste ’ yerer? Vy? da iaalladeiada it EXAMPL] If the fourth term in the expansion of then find x. - SOLUTION | It is given that | T, = 200 > T341 = 200 ‘a a 6c, [ae (a) = 200 *yyxeere? ae a 20] x®8**? x'/4 = 200 1 is (agin) a” 3f__1 _|,1._"_ as 2[ logy x+1) 4 loeio* ae _ 3,121 | wherey=logio* 20+) 4 ¥ 6+y+1 _1 4ty+) oy y¥ +3y-4=0 (y+4)(y-1) = 0 y=1,-4 fog yo x = 1,-4 x=10 or, x=10% = x=10 EXAMPLE 95 For what value of xis the ninth term in the [onx-1 A \ 25° 7 s x {#4 #7 f- Vorl0g3 5°41 is caual to 180? u Vuuuy expansion of 10 SOLUTION We know that a! = N, ene 10 w + ‘ : { anil? cai ~ {5° vs} 7 +67 1+) Let Ty be the 9th term in the above expansion. Then, , Ty = 180a Lh 18.29 : HEOREM no" 10-8 Bane, +70" +0), = 180 et Begs 7)" 180 , gei+l , x17 —, 2 iil 2 i ote = 4,wherey = 5" + 2 ytl p-4y+3 = 0 2 y-3y-) =9 2 a 3,-1 a B gto} 53 or, 5S) = 1 5* = 15 or, 5* =5 => x = logs 15 or, x = 1. 1 pang 36 If the fourth term in the expansion of (ax + 2) is3, then find the values of a and n. S soLUTION It is given that 5 tT = 2 5 > T+179 i BE C3 cw" *(2) = 25 Cia) mean tes 3 (i) "Clearly, RHS of the above equality is independent of x. o n-6=0 > n=6. “Putting = 6 in (i), we get 6 Bye 2) 6x5x4 3 _5 3 a 1 Chae = — => 55.4 ft slo @ 35 >°4F5 2 3x2x1 2 8 2 Hence, a=3andn=6. Ce, ON MIDDLE TERM (S) IN A BINOMIAL EXPENSION E the middle terms in the expansions of fra! 37 Find the value of «. for which the coefficients of +0x)* and (1 - ax)® are equal, find o.. SOWNON In the expansion of (1 + ox)’. oo ze Be, (eae = 6a2 x? he expansion of (1 - ax)®. yl term =6C (-0x)? =-200° x Biven that: Coefficient of the middle term in (1 + ax)? = Coefficient of the middle term in ( o 1 = ax)® F-200° = a=0,a=-3MATHEMATIOg.» 10 +xsinx) is equal to S find ty 18.30 1 expansion Of| e INCE) f RT EXEMp LAR AMPLE 38 If the middle term in the binomial value of x. th 10 i i fc sxanz) " (2+) i.e. 6th term is the Middle SOLUTION In the binomial expansion of term. It is given that T= 10-5 63 > toes (3) (xsin2)° = 3 101) og, 8 103) — asi“ x= 5 5 ats 7 (sin x) -(3) > sinx= Losint BIG => x =nn+(-1)" ginez Type IX ON cer OF TERMS IN A BINOMIAL EXPANSION m EXAperel 59 The sum of the coefficients of (first three terms in the expansion of t = 3] #0, [NCERT] m being a natural number, is 559. Find the term of the expansion containing x? SOLUTION We have, 3Y" ‘ 3 3y pepe. a m 2 0 ( 3] feoyeatesitsy (-3}* Cae (-3) ee (:3 = x a ate My a 4 (= 3x Cy) 9-9 4 (9x Cp) 2 —F 4 My (- 3x Clearly, the y coefficients of first three terms are: Cy ,-3x C and 9x C2 It is given that the sum of these coefficients is 559. ™Cy-3x "Cy +9x "Cy =559 1~3m+ AOD 559 26m + 9m (m-1) =1118 9m? -15m -1116 =0 3m? ~5m — 372 =0 2 3m" ~ 36m + 31m ~ 372 =0 3m (m - sr) + 31(m~-12) =0 wo 52) Gms 31) « 0 giedl YUYUuUuy y [« meN 3m +pS 207 ya THEOREM 18.31 1° Now m-r({_ 3) omc (3 gtr 212 . pc" @) Bre CuSO ae, (ai) x2 be met] Pienaar 9 her % ot padinkes 1 ¥e Bet 312-9 fe" ve tor 2h =3(-3) * =-5940x? Red! 11 i + 7 «. yl 1 “ ind the coefficient of x” in (« + x) and x~” in [= 3 2] and find the relation x game 40 jehweer 4nd b so that these coefficients are equal. 11 Br =15 > r =5. puitingr = 5in (i), we obtain that 11 Coefficient of x’ in the expansion of{ ax? + x) is Ne. eb. | 1 11 | Suppose x77 occurs in(r + 1% term of the expansion of (« - 2] 2 x r Now, Tai = oe (@-" (-] Z: Mc, aint (1 oo" gil- 3 as) This will contain x7”, if M1-3r = -7 => 3r = 18 > 7 = 6 Putting = 6 in (ii), we obtain that 1 Coefficient of x7” in the expansion of{ - 2) is "C6 Po e(-0® a 0 11 Tithe coefficient of x” in (« + 2) is equal to the coefficient of x” Tin (« - >) , then x ‘ 11, Ne, => ab = 1 [: Nes = Cs] 2n ) , prove that its coefficient is 1 x C5 a8 BS = Nog ab 8 (-1)® = "C5 ab = E41 Ifx? occurs in the expansion of| (? + > (2n)!18.32 ansion ot( <7 + ay". x? occurs in(r +1)" term in the exP: x (ty. me, te Now, Tar = 7)" (3) = %C, # x?, we must have SOLUTION Suppose fl) For this term to contain 4n-P 4n-3r =p>r = ane ina? Coefficient of x” = 2c, where 1 4n-P (2n)! here feciate fficient of 2” w! 3 > Coefficient of = Ge ni ast > Coefficient of x” = P) 3 n exaeifie42 Find the coefficient of 2” i the expansion of (2 +a)(1-%)- SOLUTION Coefficient of 2” in(l+x)(- =x) yting-2" = Coefficient of 2” in (1 ~ — 2)" + Coefficient of = (0 "ut (- ig. 4 = (-1" a- in the expansion of (1 exer +x 3y11 INCERT EXEMELAD 3 Find the coefficient of: xi 3y11 (+x) +2 20+) 24MC, x OC x 4 Ne, P+. at +4 SOLUTION (extx?+x yy ata)” +t =("¢o wey +7¢, x ea cysts 241, (22 aMcg(a + 38 = Meg xtc, +My x "C1 +Meqx"Co = 55+55x11+ 330 =990 2 in the expansion of (1 +x)” ( Coefficient of x* in(l+x+27 +x pxaMPLEead If the coefficients of x and x =x)" are 3 and i respectively. Find the values ofm and n. SOLUTION We have, (+a"(0-2)" Cy + "Cams Pad =" (" 010 Co "Cy -"Co cy) x+(™ Co "Co + "Cy "C2 - Fe, "c) 3" + Gn 3} {"o-" Cyr "Cn x? ss shies xO toe It is given that the coefficients 2 respectively. of x and 2? in the expansion of (1 + 2)” (1 -#)" gad$ ae ——oSrti(M THEORE! 18.33 ny m, a “tla "C4 -"Co Ci) =3 and, "Cy "Cp +"Cq "Cz -C, "C1 =-6 it and m(n=1) +m (m1) ~2mm = -12 ee and (m—n)? —(m+n) = -12 p23 and m+n = 21 2 2 ee = 12 2x one NG THE TERM INDEPENDENT OF THE VARIABLE 2 sont i . Bo Bs ind the coefficient of the fo independent of x in the expansion of x+1 x-1 ee a p28? +1 xx? We have, ution ned x-1 be a 713 yV3 41 xx? 3)3 419 pes x-1 7 Ty3 41 x? (XV? 1) 1/2 1/2 (3 41) (7/9 = x73 +) x +1) x ee ee 8 x 41 V2 (x”?-1) 2 {2n){ 2) 3 4-1-2 V25 x3 V2 10 x+1 x-1 1/3 _,-/2)10 pen att ee ee | = ee eh [pti Sh v3_ v2) lth, be the general term in{ x —x ) Then, 1-4 or 9, (eV 3!9—r ay MY =Cay Mex? Trai = Forthis term to be independent of x, we must have HOSE? 0 => .20=27—3r = 0 ae 3 ous > eer — OT) = mare So,required coefficient = C4 (-1)* = 210. | PAMILESS“Find the greatest walue of the term independent 1 XSi cos pai: e } ,wherea €R. of x in the expansion of ION Let (r + 1)" term be independent of x. : ee) = 1%, x10-2 (in «) x 10-r (cos a)’ bs Pe asain a) ( Vitis . “independent of x, thenr =5. 5 (si: 5 Term independent of x = 10¢, x 27° (sin 2 a) 10! T, = eG (sin acosa)> = 200 -5 ep ene i SR oe ica 2? 61)? sia ¥, itis greatest when 2 a = 2/2 and its greatest value