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Understanding Frequency Response

The document discusses frequency response, which is how a system's output relates to its input at different frequencies. It provides an example of calculating the frequency response of an RC circuit by deriving its transfer function and substituting s=jω. Key aspects of frequency response like magnitude, phase, and cutoff frequency are explained using the RC circuit as an example.

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58 views6 pages

Understanding Frequency Response

The document discusses frequency response, which is how a system's output relates to its input at different frequencies. It provides an example of calculating the frequency response of an RC circuit by deriving its transfer function and substituting s=jω. Key aspects of frequency response like magnitude, phase, and cutoff frequency are explained using the RC circuit as an example.

Uploaded by

Ben Tin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Frequency Response

• Prepared by Prof. E. Ambikairajah (Head of


School of Electrical Engineering and
Telecommunications, Australia) and modified
by Prof. T. Thiruvaran

1
Frequency Response

 A system responds differently to different input frequencies


(i.e A system may amplify certain frequencies, and may
attenuate other frequencies)
 The way in which a system output is related to the input for
different frequencies in the Fourier Domain is called the
frequency response of the system.
 In a system shown below, 𝑋(𝑗𝜔) is the input, 𝑌(𝑗𝜔) is the
output, and 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) is the frequency response of the system.
We can define the relationship between these functions as:

𝑌 𝑗𝜔
𝐻 𝑗𝜔 =
𝑋 𝑗𝜔

Prof E Ambikairajah, UNSW, Australia 2


 Since the frequency response, 𝐻(𝑗𝜔), is a complex function,
we can convert 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) to polar form to obtain a magnitude
response |𝐻 𝑗𝜔 | and a phase response ∠𝐻 𝑗𝜔 .

 To compute the frequency Response of a circuit with a transfer


function 𝐻(𝑠), substitute 𝑠 = 𝑗ω.
𝑯 𝒋𝝎 = 𝑯 𝒔 |𝒔=𝒋 ω

A first order Lowpass Filter


 Consider a simple RC circuit. To find the frequency response,
first obtain the transfer function.
R

1
𝑉𝑜 (𝑠) 𝐶𝑠 1
Vin (s) C Vo (s) 𝐻 𝑠 = = 1 =
𝑉𝑖𝑛 (𝑠) 𝑅+𝐶𝑠 1+𝑅𝐶𝑠
Prof E Ambikairajah, UNSW, Australia 3
 To compute the frequency Response, substitute 𝑠 = 𝑗ω.
1
𝐻 𝑗ω = 𝐻 𝑠 |𝑠=𝑗𝜔 =
1 + 𝑗𝑅𝐶𝜔
 The magnitude response |𝐻 𝑗𝜔 | is given by
1
|𝐻 𝑗ω | =
1 + (𝑅𝐶𝜔)2

 The phase response is given by

−1 𝑅𝐶𝜔
∠𝐻 𝑗𝜔 = −𝑡𝑎𝑛 = - 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑅𝐶𝜔)
1

Prof E Ambikairajah, UNSW, Australia 4


|𝐻(𝑗𝜔)|

1
Lowpass filter: Low frequency
1 components (before the cut-
2 off frequency) appear in the
Cut-off
output with a magnitude gain
frequency (wC) that is close to 1, while high-
frequency components (after
the cut-off frequency) have
their magnitude attenuated
w
0
Cut-off frequency:
1
𝜔𝑐 = 𝑅𝐶 rad/sec
∠𝐻(𝑗𝜔)

w
0

Prof E Ambikairajah, UNSW, Australia 5


Referencs
[1] Alexander, C. K., & Sadiku, M.N.O., (2013) “Fundamentals of
Electric Circuits”, 5th edition, McGraw Hill.
[2] Soboda, J & Dorf, R (2014) “Introduction to Electric Circuits”, 9th
edition, Wiley & sons.
[3] Ambikairajah E , (2015), “Circuits and Systems Lecture Notes”,
School of Electrical engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW,
Australia.
[4] Thomas, R. & Rosa, A(1998) “ The Analysis and design of Linear
circuits” , Prentice Hall.

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