Theory and Concept
Assignment #3
Objective:- To Implement the restrictions on the table.
Data constraints: Besides the cell name, cell length and cell data type there are other parameters
i.e. other data constrains that can be passed to the DBA at check creation time. The constraints
can either be placed at column level or at the table level.
i. Column Level Constraints: If the constraints are defined along with the column
definition, it is called a column level constraint.
ii. Table Level Constraints: If the data constraint attached to a specify cell in a table
reference the contents of another cell in the table then the user will have to use table level
constraints.
Null Value Concepts:- while creating tables if a row locks a data value for particular
column that value is said to be null . Column of any data types may contain null values
unless the column was defined as not null when the table was created
Syntax:
Create table tablename
(columnname data type (size) not null ……)
Primary Key: primary key is one or more columns is a table used to uniquickly identity
each row in the table. Primary key values must not be null and must be uniQuestion
across the column. A multicolumn primary key is called composite primary key.
Syntax: primary key as a column constraint
Create table tablename
(columnname datatype (size) primary key,….)
Primary key as a table constraint
Create table tablename
(columnname datatype (size), columnname datatype( size)…
Primary key (columnname,columnname));
UniQuestion key concept:-A uniQuestion is similar to a primary key except that the
purpose of a uniQuestion key is to ensure that information in the column for each record
is uniQuestion as with telephone or devices license numbers. A table may have many
uniQuestion keys.
Syntax: UniQuestion as a column constraint.
Create table table name
(columnname datatype (size) uniQuestion);
UniQuestion as table constraint:
Create table tablename
(columnname datatype (size),columnname datatype (size)…uniQuestion
(columnname,columnname));
Default value concept: At the line of cell creation a default value can be assigned to it.
When the user is loading a record with values and leaves this cell empty, the DBA wil
automatically load this cell with the default value specified. The data type of the default
value should match the data type of the column
Syntax:
Create table tablename
(columnname datatype (size) default value,….);
Foreign Key Concept : Foreign key represents relationship between tables. A foreign
key is column whose values are derived from the primary key of the same of some other
table . the existence of foreign key implies that the table with foreign key is related to the
primary key table from which the foreign key is derived .A foreign key must have
corresponding primary key value in the primary key table to have meaning.
Foreign key as a column constraint
Syntax :
Create table table name
(columnname datatype (size) references another table name);
Foreign key as a table constraint:
Syntax :
Create table name
(columnname datatype (size)….
primary key (columnname);
foreign key (columnname)references table name);
Check Integrity Constraints: Use the check constraints when you need to enforce
intergrity rules that can be evaluated based on a logical expression following are a few
examples of appropriate check constraints.
A check constraints name column of the coient_master so that the name is entered
in upper case.
A check constraint on the client_no column of the client _master so that no
client_no value starts with ‘c’
Syntax:
Create table tablename
(columnname datatype (size) CONSTRAINT constraintname)
Check (expression));
Question.2 Create the following tables:
i. Sales_master
Columnname Datatype Size Attributes
Salesman_no varchar2 6 Primary key/first letter
must start with ‘s’
Sal_name varchar2 20 Not null
Address varchar2 Not null
City varchar2 20
State varchar2 20
Pincode Number 6
Sal_amt Number 8,2 Not null, cannot be 0
Tgt_to_get Number 6,2 Not null, cannot be 0
Ytd_sales Number 6,2 Not null, cannot be 0
Remarks Varchar2 30
ii. Sales_order
Columnname Datatype Size Attributes
S_order_no varchar2 6 Primary/first letter must be 0
S_order_date Date 6 Primary key reference clientno
of client_master table
Client_no Varchar2 25
Dely_add Varchar2 6
Salesman_no Varchar2 6 Foreign key references
salesman_no of
salesman_master table
Dely_type Char 1 Delivery part(p)/full(f),default f
Billed_yn Char 1
Dely_date Date Can not be lessthan
s_order_date
Order_status Varchar2 10 Values (‘in
process’;’fulfilled’;back
order’;’canceled
I. Sales_order_details
Column Datatype Size Attributes
S_order_no Varchar2 6 Primary key/foreign
key references
s_order_no of
sales_order
Product_no Varchar2 6 Primary key/foreign
key references
product_no of
product_master
Qty_order Number 8
Qty_disp Number 8
Product_rate Number 10,2
Insert the following data into their respective tables using insert statement:
Data for sales_man master table
Salesma Salesman Addre Cit Pin State Salam Tgt_to_g Ytd Remark
n_no name ss y code t et Sales
500001 Kiran A/14 Bo 40000 Mah 3000 100 50 Good
worli mb 2
ay
500002 Manish 65,nari Bo 40000 Mah 3000 200 100 Good
man mb 1
ay
500003 Ravi P-7 Bo 40003 Mah 3000 200 100 Good
Bandra mb 2
ay
500004 Ashish A/5 Bo 40004 Mah 3500 200 150 Good
Juhu mb 4
ay
(ii)
Data for salesorder table:
S_orderno S_orderdate Client no Dely Bill Salesman no Delay Orderstatus
type yn date
019001 12-jan-96 0001 F N 50001 20-jan- Ip
96
019002 25-jan-96 0002 P N 50002 27-jan- C
96
016865 18-feb-96 0003 F Y 500003 20-feb- F
96
019003 03-apr-96 0001 F Y 500001 07-apr- F
96
046866 20-may-96 0004 P N 500002 22- C
may-96
010008 24-may-96 0005 F N 500004 26- Ip
may-96
(iii)
Data for sales_order_details table:
S_order no Product no Qty ordered Qty disp Product_rate
019001 P00001 4 4 525
019001 P07965 2 1 8400
019001 P07885 2 1 5250
019002 P00001 10 0 525
046865 P07868 3 3 3150
046865 P07885 10 10 5250
019003 P00001 4 4 1050
019003 P03453 2 2 1050
046866 P06734 1 1 12000
046866 P07965 1 0 8400
010008 P07975 1 0 1050
010008 P00001 10 5 525
