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CHP 4 Water

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CHP 4 Water

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dey.madhurima
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Water Learning Outcomes Students will be able to + define ‘solute’, ‘solvent’ and ‘solution’. ete Rand Se A Le Steet a ca Cena cs eee re ead eco cs Purification of Water ace a cg Smead ceo a) Mccall Geeeeu De cy infer that solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent. + discuss different examples of solutions, + state reasons for pollution of water resources and suggest ways to conserve water. Warm Up Activity ies for which you use water during a day. Water is an important natural resource required by all living beings. It is essential for life for humans, animals and plants alike. Water is essential for sustenance of life on the earth. It is the second loss basic requirement we have after air. Water is found on the earth’s surface, above it as well as below it. OCCURRENCE OF WATER Water covers about 70 per cent of the earth's surface. It occurs in both free and Fig. 4.4: Water Combined states. the earth’s surface is covered with yay, a nt 0 4 + Water on the surface ofthe earth: About 70 percent © y Solution = (liquid) liquic smaller quantity larger quantity (i for example, when we add some sugar to a glass of water and mix it well, then we get a uniform mixture known as sugar solution. Here, sugar is the solute and water is the solvent. - = some more examples to identify solute and solvent in a solution are given below. « Asolution of common salt and water in which common salt is solute and water is solvent. + A solution of sodium carbonate and water in which sodium carbonate in solute and water is solvent. + Asolution of copper sulphate and water in which copper sulphate is solute and water is solvent. It is noticeable that water always acts as a solvent and often termed as universal solvent. substances like salt and sugar dissolve readily in water and are said to be soluble in water. Substances like sand and wood that do not dissolve in water are said to be insoluble in water. Only soluble substances can form a solution. However, there are certain conditions on which the formation ofa solution depends. They are as follows. «Stirring: Stirring the solution increases the solubility of the solute in the solvent. «Particle size of the solute: If the particle size ofthe solute is ee small, the rate of formation of a solution is faster. However, if |The ability of a solute to Ssolve: the solute has large particles, then the formation of solution “ino osolent sealed oly. takes time. * Temperature: Mostly the solubility of solids and liquids in water increases with increase in temperature. But solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature. Let's perform some activities to understand the conditions affecting the formation of a solution. —— ~——:Ss Aim: To observe the effect of stirring on the formation of 2 solution Materials required: 2 beakers, some water, some sugar, @ spoon Procedure: + Take two beakers and label them a Be a B. Pour equal amount of water in each beaker. Add cad aan of sugar each in both the beakers. Do not stir the contents of beaker A: Stir the contents of beaker B. Observation: You will observe that the sugar settles down at the bottom of beaker A while it dissolves jn water in beaker B, Conclusion: This shows that on stirring the solution, solubility of the solute increases. | Activity 4.8] Aim: To observe the effect of size of solute particles on the formation of a solution Materials required: 2 beakers, some water, a lump of common salt, some free-flowing common salt, 3 spoon Procedure + Take two beakers and label them as A and B. + Pour equal amount of water in each beaker. Now put a lump of common salt in beaker A and a teaspoon of free-flowing common salt in beaker B. You can also use sugar cubes and powdered sugar. + Now stir both the solutions one by one and notice the time taken by each of the solutes to dissolve, Observation: You will observe that the salt in beaker A takes a longer time to dissolve as compared to the salt in beaker B, Conclusion: This proves that smaller the particle size of solute, faster the solution will be formed, as : To observe the effect of increase in temperature on the formation of a solution Materials required: Beaker, sugar, spoon, burner Procedure + Take beaker 8 from the previous activity. + Now add some sugar to it and stir the solution. + Continue adding the sugar till no more of it can be dissolved in the solution. + Now heat this beaker. + Again add a teaspoon of sugar to it. Observation: You will observe that more sugar can be dissolved in the beaker on heating the solution. Conclusion: This shows that the solubility of a solute increases on increasing the temperature. Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions In Activity 4.9, we have observed that if we continue adding sugar to the solution, a stage is soon reached when no more of it can be added. However, if we increase the temperature of the solution, more solute can be added to it. Thus, on the basis of the ability of solutions to dissolve more solute we can divide them into three types—saturated solution, unsaturated solution and Siac arc supersaturated solution. solution is said to be saturated when it cannot dissolve any more of the solute at a particular temperature. ‘solution is said to be unsaturated when it can dissolve more of the solute at a particular temperature. solution is said to be supersaturated when it contains more solute than can be dissolved in the solvent under normal conditions. Let’s perform Activity 4.10 to prepare a saturated solution of salt and water. Fenioealy Aim: To prepare a saturated solution of salt and water Materials required: A beaker, some water, a spoon, some salt Procedure «Take some water in a beaker. + Add a teaspoon of salt to it and stir it. + Continue adding salt till no more salt can be dissolved in it. Observation: After a point salt stops dissolving in water. Conclusion: The solution, so obtained, in which no more salt can be dissolved at this particular temperature isa saturated salt solution. The formation of a solution is a physical change. Molecules of the solute and the solvent remain the same ina solution. It is easy to get back the solute and the solvent in their original form from the solution. Let’s perform Activity 4.11 to observe how salt can be separated from a salt solution. Aim: To separate salt from salt solution by evaporating till the water dries Materials required: A beaker, some water, a spoon, some salt, an evaporating dish, a burner Procedure + Take some water in a beaker and add two teaspoons of salt to it. + Stir the contents of the beaker. You will get a salt solution. + Transfer this salt solution to an evaporating dish. + Now heat the dish over the flame of a burner. + Observe what happens after 15-20 minutes. Observation: You will observe that [Link]-time water starts boiling and turning into water vapour ifthe vapour coming out of the solution are allowed to condense, then we can obtain the solvent. After some more time, a stage will come when no more water is left in the evaporating dish and only salt is Present at the bottom of the beaker. 4 Conclusion: This way, salt (solute) can be separated from salt solution. From Activity 4.11, we can conclude that a solvent can be obtained from a solution by the process of distillation, while a solute can be obtained by ‘evaporating the solution till it drie a POTABLE WATER Water that is fit for consumption is called potable water. It should have the following characteristics, * Itshould be colourless, odourless and transparent. * Itshould have sufficient amount of dissolved salts and oxygen in it. * Itshould be free from harmful chemicals and microorganisms. Generally, freshwater and groundwater are fit for drinking. But with ‘Waterborne DSEe the growth in population and industrialization, most of the freshwater Infectious diseases which spread resources have become contaminated with pollutants. Consumption | primarily through contaminated of polluted water can have adverse effects on our health and we may water are called waterborne become susceptible to waterborne diseases. diseases. Diseases Caused by Contaminated Water or Waterborne Diseases Water present in rivers, lakes, etc. should not be used for consumption directly as it may be contaminated with industrial and agricultural wastes, and human and animal faeces which contain pathogens, Consumption of contaminated water may lead to various waterborne diseases such as typhoid, jaundice, dysentery, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis and cholera. Typhoid is a waterborne disease caused by bacteria. It affects the intestine leading to high fever which lasts for a few days. Jaundice is caused by the Hepatitis A virus. It affects the liver of a person. The patients also suffer from nausea, stomach pain and weight loss thus resulting in liver disorders. Dysentery is caused by amoeba or bacteria, There is secretion of mucus during the bowel movement as these organisms infect the wall of the intestine. The patients suffer from stomach pain. Anal bleeding may also occur in severe cases. Diarrhoea refers to a state of frequent, loose or liquid stools. During diarrhoea, water and large amount of essential salts and nutrients are lost from the body. This makes a person suffering from diarrhoea very weak and tired. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, involving both the stomach and the small intestine. Certain viruses, bacteria, their toxins or parasites can cause the infection. It results in acute diarrhoea along with vomiting. Cholera is an infection in the small intestine caused by a bacterium. The main symptoms are excessive, watery diarrhoea and vomiting. The availability of fresh and clean drinking water is necessary to reduce the spread of waterborne diseases Water can be purified by killing germs and removing other impurities. PURIFICATION OF WATER : y Purification of water involves removal of impurities such as harmful bacteria, dissolved and pee solid substances like particles of mud, sand, grit and dead organisms. In other words, water puriica the transformation of dirty, harmful water into clean and safe water. it lied to our hot water treatment plants before it is supp! ly used methods to purify water are discussed here- uses. However Ona large scale, water is purified i we can also purify water at home. Some common! Sedimentation and Decantation tation is a proce: i aS are oe which heavier insoluble particles of a solution settle down. Itis the first sept Ba eee su Plants. Water from rivers or lakes is allowed to flow into basins, ace fanks and stand for some time, Here suspended solids settle at the bottom and clear water is obtained at the top. The clear water i a 5 at the top is decanted. Thi i the liquid without disturbing the sediment is known as decantation an Loading The pieces used to. pees the rate of sedimentation by addition of chemicals is called loading. Potash alum is added to water in the loading tank and is allowed to stand for some time. This speeds up the rate of sedimentation thus making the suspended particles heavier which eventually settle down at the bottom of the tank. Filtration Filtration is the process of separating a solid from a liquid by passing the mixture through a filter bed or a filter paper. During the process of filtration at a small scale, the impure water is passed through a filter paper. The pore size of filter paper is smaller than the size of mud particles. In this way, particulate impurities remain on the filter paper and only water passes through it. The liquid that passes through the filter paper is called filtrate while the particulate impurities which remain on the filter paper are called residue. Inwater treatment plants, water from the sedimentation tank is filtered by passing it through filter bed. Afilter bed consists of different layers of sand, gravel and charcoal. Chlorination : The process of adding chlorine to water is called chlorination. Filtered water is disinfected by adding chlorine to kill any remaining harmful bacteria. In water supply units of municipal corporation, the filtered water is sterilised by adding chlorine to kill harmful organisms. Chlorinated water is stored in a tank for further supply. Thinking Fountain Find out why swimming pools contain chlorinated water. eee filtration tank chlorination tank sediment Fig. 4.8: Purification of water n a water treatment plant Boiling Boiling is the easiest and the most recommended purification technique. Boiling water for 5~10 minutes kills most types of disease-causing microorganisms. This method is feasible only at a small scale and can be used in our homes. Boiling can also be used as a stage prior to other methods for extra precaution, Aeration Aeration helps to kill harmful microorganisms present in water. In this method, air under pressure is blown into filtered water to purify the water. Ozonisation These days ozone is used to sterilize water and this process is called ozonisation. Water Purifiers and RO System The water purifiers used nowadays for purifying water at home provide three stage purification. In the first stage, water is filtered through a candle filter. In the second stage, the filtered water is passed through activated charcoal which absorbs impurities. In the third and final stage, water's irradiated with ultraviolet radiation which Kills the germs present in it Reverse osmosis is a method of water purification in which water is forced out of the waste through a semipermeable membrane by applying pressure. A lot of impure water is left during the process which can be used for other activities. Bottled drinking water is prepared using this technique. Distillation Distilled water is tasteless as it does not contain any dissolved salts and minerals. task Distilled water is obtained by evaporation of water followed by condensation of vapour. This process of obtaining pure water is known as distillation. Distilled wateris used for preparing solutions for medicinal purposes and in laboratories. It is also used in batteries of inverters and cars. et fitration activated ultraviolet through charcoal a candle am > => I Iii a tap water v puted water Fig. 4.9: Water purification in a purifier thermometer pure water (distitate) Fig. 4.10: Distillation Take a Break! ‘answer in one word/a few words a7 eens The liquid that dissolves a solute Substances that do not dissolve in water Asolution which cannot dissolve any more of the solute Water which is fit for consumption Astate of frequent, loose or liquid stools The particulate impurities left behind on a filter paper during filtration IMPORTANCE OF WATER FOR SUSTENANCE OF LIFE ON EARTH Water is vital for sustenance of life on the earth. It circulates through the land the way it circulates thi h the human body. It is needed for functions such as transporting, dissolving and replenishin Pia organic matter, and carrying away the waste materials. In human body, it plays a major ale in eiiletin the activities of fluids, cells, tissues, blood, lymph and granular secretions. Water is also required i various other human, agricultural and industrial activities. Need to Conserve Water Ora Clete CuLie§ Industrialization, populati a pepuevomeroutheand Rajindra Singh (born in 1959) is a agricultural activities have led to an increase Gai RHORIPORRSE Cahisetvadontt in the demand of water. Excessive use of He is known as the ‘Waterman of water has led to decline in the water level. India’. His NGO helps villagers totake Hence, conservation of water is important. charge over water management. Steps to Conserve Water Water isa precious natural resource. We should follow the given measures to conserve water. Taps should not be left running while brushing teeth, bathing or washing clothes. Farmers should use better methods of irrigation like drip irrigation (in which water is supplied to plants drop by drop) to save water. Dams and reservoirs should be constructet Water in industries should be recycled and reused to the maximum possi Trees should be planted as they help in causing rainfall. Rainwater harvesting should be practised. It is done by allowing rainwater falling on roofs of buildings to flow into a deep trench in the ground. ; We should emphasise on collecting the rainwater in aba drums and buckets also. The water collected is just rich water inlet in salt and not really dirty. So, it can be used for mopping the floor, watering plants and washing clothes. Leaking taps and pipes should be repaired at the earliest. Polluted water should be treated and recycled, and put to use for purposes such as irrigation. .d to collect water and control floods. ible extent. washing garden PUMP machine _toilet_watering Fig. 4.11: Rainwater harvesting and its uses + The use of RO purifier should be minimised. The unused water from the RO purifier should be collected and used for household activities. @ Sprinklers should not be used in the garden as they cause wastage of water. Schools and housing societies should be encouraged for rainwater harvesting. Nature Care ption of water in your house. Now make a list of instances where you think water is being F ways to conserve water in such instances. WATER POLLUTION The contamination of water with unwanted substances that cause harmful effects in living and non-living things is called water pollution. Unwanted substances alter the properties of water and make it unfit for drinking, bathing and agricultural use. ‘Causes of Water Pollution Following are some main causes of water pollution. * Discharge of domestic sewage and dumping of a garbage ___ into water bodies pollutes them. @ Discharge of agricultural waste, which include fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides containing poisonous pollutants such as cyanide and mercury pollute water. = Discharge of industrial waste like plastic, paints, drugs, paper, textile dyes, rubber and leather from various industries into === the nearby water bodies pollute water. Defecation by human beings and animals in or near water bodies also pollutes water. il spill from oil tankers and leakage of oil during drilling and shipping operations pollute water. A layer of ol is formed on the surface of the water which cuts off the supply of oxygen for organisms living in the water body thereby causing their death. Waste from nuclear plants discharged directly into water bodies kill aquatic plants and animals, d disturb the balance of nature. ntion of Water Pollution Fig. 4.12: Water pollution treatment plants should be installed in all industrial areas. agricultural and industrial wastes should be treated properly before being released into let facilities should be provided to people. ironment-friendly household products such as washing powder, toiletries and household gents should be encouraged. of fertilisers and pesticides, jould be promoted. e F underground water like well should be kept clean and covered. fL00DS AND DROUGHTS Flood itrains heavih fi when it rains 'Y Or continuously fo. ers overflow. This condition i: a number of da rivers O\ ‘ondition is known a flood. Fl YS, large amount of water gets collected and the + Loss of property, death of animals and hun, loods cause a lot of damage. | « Soil erosion humans, and extensive damage to crops + Rise in the level of water in dams, rivers, et A , rivers, ete, + Spread of diseases and pollution Drought prought is a period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to short Drought leads to the following. : * Lack of food and drinkin 18 water Lower groundwater-level in lakes, rivers, etc. + Soil erosion oF * Loss of plant: + Death of animals 5 ee Health problems due to poor quality of water ge of water. It adversely affects life. Loss of human lives ee Tes 0 KW Groundwater: Rainwater that gets collected under the ground Water table: The level of water under the ground Well water: The pool of water that is obtained by digging the soil till its impervious layer Spring water: The water which comes out with pressure in the form of spring from any opening in the earth Water cycle: The continuous circulation of water from the earth to the atmosphere and back again Solute: A substance that gets dissolved in a liquid The liquid that dissolves a solute Solvent: Solution: ‘A uniform or homogeneous mixture of the solute and solvent Saturated solution: A solution which cannot dissolve any more of the solute at 2 particular temperature ‘solution which can dissolve ‘A solution which contains mot under normal conditions is fit for consumption i the solute at a particular temperature Unsaturated solution: more of : re solute than could be dissolved in the solvent Supersaturated solution: Potable water: Water that i Mate quid that passes through the filter paper via sae ae eapurities which remain onthe iter Paper inte ne ea ae f to increase the rate of sedimentation ‘sadn: The ation of chemicals ess teal Dee as nd harmful substances that cause jon: nwanted 2 on of water by Ul The contaminatio d non-living things Water polluti pollution: at harmful effects to living ele aad * Water is essential for * The major sources of water are rainwater, surface water and groundwater, * Water exists in three states—solid, liquid and gas. These three states of water can be interchanged into each other by changing temperature. * Water isan integral component of all living bodies. It is also needed for various other purposes, * The density of water is maximum at 4°C * Water is known as the universal solvent as it can dissolve a large number of substances in it. * The formation of a solution depends on stirring, particle size of the solute and temperature. * On the basis of the ability of solutions to dissolve the solute, there are three types of solutions— saturated solution, unsaturated solution and supersaturated solution. * Potable water should be colourless, odourless and transparent. It should have sufficient amount of dissolved salts and oxygen in it and should be free from harmful chemicals and microorganisms. * Consumption of water contaminated with industrial and agricultural wastes, and human and animal faeces may lead to various waterborne diseases. * Purification of water involves processes of removing impurities from water such as harmful bacteria, dissolved and undissolved solid substances like particles of mud, sand, grit and dead organisms. * Some commonly used methods to purify water are sedimentation and decantation, loading, filtration, boiling, chlorination, water purifiers and RO system, aeration, ozonization and distillation. Water is a precious natural resource and hence we must conserve it. The major causes of water pollution are discharge of domestic sewage and dumping of garbage, industrial and agricultural wastes, waste from nuclear and thermal power plants, defecation, and oil spill and leakage. * Water pollution can be prevented by installing water treatment plants in industrial areas; by not releasing untreated sewage, agricultural and industrial wastes into water bodies; by using | environment-friendly household products, etc. * Flood is caused when it rains heavily or continuously for a number of days. It leads to conditions such asl loss of property, death of animals and humans, extensive damage to crops, soil erosion, rise in the _ level of water in dams, rivers, etc. and spread of diseases and pollution. ‘Drought is a period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to shortage of water. It leads to conditions “such as lack of food and drinking water, lower groundwater level in lakes, rivers, etc., soil erosion, loss f plants and trees, death of animals, loss of human lives and health problems due to poor quality of BE PROMPT A. Fillin the blanks. 1. About of the fresh water is present in rivers, lakes, springs, ponds, etc. In state, water exists as snow or frost. in gaseous state. 3. Water exists as or 4. The density of water is at 4 degree Celsius. 5, Water regulates the body of plants and and animals. 6. Water acts as a in Powerhouses which generate electrici Se generate electricity. 7. ss he a on increasing the temperature. g, Asolution is said to be Aco when it can dissolve more of the solute at a particular 9, ________is an infection in the small intestine caused by a bacterium. 10, The addition of unwanted and harmful substances to water is called B. ier 4 error in the given statements. Circle the incorrect word and write the correct word in the blank. 1, Surface water is the purest form of water. Water exists as a free-flowing liquid in a gaseous state, Plants lose water continuously through leaves during evaporation Stirring the solution decreases the solubility of the solute in the solvent. The formation of a solution is a chemical change Saline water is fit for consumption Typhoid is caused by Hepatitis A virus. Aeration is the process of sterilizing water using ozone. Pen annewn Osmosis is a method of water purification in which water is forced out of the waste through a semipermeable membrane by applying pressure. 10. Filtered water is used for preparing solutions for medicinal purposes. C. Choose the correct option. 1. Water is essential for (a) digestion of food (b) excretion of waste (c) germination of seed (d) all of these 2. Water is used : (a) in agriculture (b) as a coolant in powerhouses (c) for recreation and sport activities (d) all of these ed by digging the soiltill the impervious layers called (d) rainwater 3. Thepoolof water thats obtain (a) spring water (b) well water (c) groundwater 4. Which of the following substances are insoluble in water? (a) Sand and salt (b) Sugarandwood — (c) Wood and sand —(d)_ Sugar and salt 5. Which of these techniques is the easiest and the most recommended purification technique? (a) Sedimentation and decantation (b) Filtration (c) Chlorination {d) Boiling 6. Which of these is not a cause of water pollution? (a) Discharge of domestic waste (b) Addition of chlorine (c) Leakage of oil during drilling an (4) Discharge of wastes from nuclear plants .d shipping operations D. Match the columns. Column A Column B 1. Solute (a) Caused by amoeba or bacteria 2. Potable water (b) Inflammation of gastrointestinal tract 3. Dysentery (0) Increase the rate of sedimentation 4. Gastroenteritis (d)_ Used in batteries of inverters and cars 5. Loading {e) Substance that gets dissolved in a liquid 6. Distilled water (f) Colourless, odourless and transparent SHORT AND PRECISE A. Show the given text in the form of flowcharts. 1. Sources of water 2. Importance of water 3. Diseases caused by contaminated water 4. Purification of water 5. Conservation of water 6. Water pollution — causes and prevention B. Give reasons for the following statements. 1, Water is an important part of our diet. Water present in oceans and seas is saline. The aquatic animals and plants are able to survive in colder regions of the world. Glass bottles when filled completely with water break when kept in the freezer. Steam causes more severe burns than boiling water. We should drink 3-4 litres water daily. Water is known as the universal solvent. Purification of water is important before consuming it. ees ans en Potash alum is added to water in the loading tank and is allowed to stand for some time. 10, Oil spill from oil tankers causes death of aquatic animals. Answer in short. 1. Why is water essential for plants? 2, Why is the water present in oceans and seas unfit for drinking, washing, irrigation and industrial purposes? 3. Why do we use water as a coolant in car radiators? 4, Name two substances that are soluble and two su 0 Bvt thememnen Of a solution a phy ' Substances that are insoluble in water. 6, What is typhoid? “eet 7. What causes dysentery? What are its symptoms? toms: 8, Why should we not u: ‘Se water present in rivers, lakes, et ete. for consumption directly? aTLENGTH a. Explain the following terms, 1, Groundwater 2. Water table 3. Solute a lut 4. Solution 5, Saturate solution 6, Unsaturated solution 7. Loading 8. Potable wat E a le water 5. Differentiate between the following. ds 2 3, 4. 5, Spring water and well water . Saturated solution and unsaturated solution Filtration and distillation Sedimentation and decantation . Water purifier and RO system ‘Answer in detail. 1, What are the major sources of water? Discuss each 10. 11. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. prewar een Write a note on the states of water. Explain water cycle in detail. Explain anomalous expansion of water. in what ail ways is water important for humans and plants? Mention some other uses of water. conditions on which the formation of a solution depends. \d water? Explain the How will you prepare a saturated solution of salt an With the help of an activity, show that salt can be separated from the salt solution. What is distillation? Write the uses of distilled water. Write the characteristics of potable water- Write about the following diseases: diarrho What is purification of water? Explain some comm ea, gastroenteritis and cholera. only used methods of water purification. How can we conserve water? What is water pollution? What are @ preventing water pollution- Write a note on floods and 4! he major causes of water pollution? Discuss 2 few ways of roughts- OBSERVE AND PERFORM Observe the given image carefully and answer the following questions. Copper sulphate solution 1. Identify the solute and solvent. 2. Write three factors that increases the rate of solubility. APPLY YOUR LEARNING oo A. Aditi is unable to understand why the continuous circulation of water from the earth to the atmosphere and back again important. Help her to understand the importance of water cycle. Why is it that even when the water of lakes, rivers and ponds freezes on the top, the water below the layer of ice in colder regions remains in the liquid state? How does the particle size of a solute affect the rate of formation of a solution? jakshi tried dissolving some sugar to a saturated solution but could not do so. However, when she ‘ated the solution, sugar got dissolved. State the reason. Chetan wants to separate salt from a salt solution. How can he do so? ing we liciously. , environmental aware INTEGRATE YOUR LEARNING integrate with Geography Create a PowerPoint presentation on the topic ‘Water — A Natural and Renewable Resource’. Find the related information, images and videos using the internet integrate with Language sng the Internet collect heihfctMation about floodana aeUER fmMREEcclited in citferent parts of india in the last three years and create a report in MS Word. Format the document as Per your choice. Lids t9 FPN Coan Tha 6, The continuous circulation of water from the earth to the atmosphere and back again 8. The water which comes out with pressure in the form of spring from any opening in the earth 9, The process of adding chlorine to water Down: 1, Asolution which cannot dissolve any more of the solute at a particular temperature 3. Water that is fit for consumption 4. The purest form of water 7. Astate of frequent, loose or liquid stools Conducting a Survey rm groups of five students each and conduct a survey of various water resources used in your “neighbourhood. Prepare a report based on the survey. Performing an Activity Form groups of three students each and perform this activity in the presence of your teacher. * Ask your teacher to provide you with salts of sodium chloride, sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate. * Dissolve these salts in water in three different beakers. | * Check whether the salts dissolve in water or not. Record your observations and discuss it in the class. *reparing a Solution your home. Prepare a table in your notebook and record the approximate ster used in your home for different purposes like drinking, bathing, washing, cleaning, d note the activities where there is excessive consumption of water. Discuss the ways to si list these ways in your notebook. , Water’ to create awareness among children water. Tell them how they can do rainwater Pollution’ to create awareness among sr pollution and the steps that should be Review Your A. Answer in one word. 1. Asource of water that replenishes other sources of water 2. The level of water under the ground 3. Continuous circulation of water from the earth to the atmosphere and back again 4. Electricity generated using water stored in dams 5. Auniform mixture of the solute and the solvent tial B. State whether the given statements are true (T) or false (F). 1. Rainwater gets polluted while falling down. Groundwater contains suspended impurities. Digestion of food in the stomach takes place with the help of water. Typhoid is a waterborne disease caused by virus. Trees should be planted as they help in causing rainfall. Oy Ren Flood causes soil erosion. . Match the columns. Column A Column B 1. Surface water (2) Bacterium 2. Groundwater (b) Purification of water 3. Jaundice (c) Handpumps, tube wells or bore wells 4, Cholera (d) Hepatitis A virus 5. Chlorination {e) Oceans and seas D. Explain the following terms. 1, Wellwater 2. Aeration 3. Distillation 4. Flood 5. Drought _ Answer the following questions. 1. Write a note on the occurrence of water. List the ways in which water is important for humans. a a the topic a ad ui an effects to your presentation. Format it as per your

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