Assignment-04
Name : Manasi bharati
Roll no. : 224085
PRN NO : 22320136
Class : Comp SY-D2
Subject : Computer Architecture and Organization
Title: Write 64-bit ALP to accept the numbers from user and perform addition of 2
numbers and display the result on screen.
1) Description of Instructions used in this code.
2) Code with comments.
3) Screen shot of output
Theory :
1) Description of Instructions used in this code.
1. Section Definitions:
.data: This section is used for declaring data and constants.
.bss: This section is used for declaring uninitialized data.
2. Data Definitions:
db: Declares a byte (8 bits) of data.
resq: Reserves a quadword (64 bits) of memory space.
format: Stores the format string for integer output.
3. Global Declaration:
global _start: Declares the entry point for the program.
4. Labels:
_start: The program's entry point.
5. Instructions:
mov: Moves data from one location to another.
add: Adds two values together.
xor: Performs a bitwise XOR operation.
syscall: Triggers a system call to perform various actions (e.g., input, output, and
program termination).
call: Calls a subroutine or function.
ret: Returns from a subroutine.
6. User Input and Output:
print_string: Outputs a null-terminated string to the console.
print_int: Outputs an integer to the console.
read_int: Reads an integer from the console.
atoi: Converts a null-terminated string to an integer.
7. Loop and Conditionals:
test: Performs a bitwise AND operation for setting flags.
jz: Jumps if the zero flag is set (checks for the null terminator).
jmp: Unconditional jump.
8. System Call Numbers:
rax is used to specify the system call number, with 60 for exit, and 0 for read, and
1 for write.
9. Registers:
Registers like rdi, rsi, rdx, and rax are used for passing arguments and values to
and from system calls.
10. ASCII Operations:
Converting ASCII characters to integers by subtracting the ASCII value of '0'.
This program combines these instructions and concepts to perform the following
tasks:
Prompt the user for two numbers.
Read and convert the user's input to integers.
Add the two numbers together.
Display the result on the screen.
Terminate the program.
The program is structured to be executed on a 64-bit Linux system using x86-64
assembly language and makes use of various subroutines to handle input, output,
and integer conversion.
2) Code with comments.
%macro scall 4
mov rax, %1
mov rdi, %2
mov rsi, %3
mov rdx, %4
syscall
%endmacro
section .data
m1 db "Enter how many numbers you want to add (enter in two digit) :", 10d,13d
l1 equ $-m1
m2 db "Enter a 2 digit number :", 10d,13d
l2 equ $-m2
m3 db "array contents are :",10d,13d
l3 equ $-m3
m4 db "The addition of entered numbers is :", 10d,13d
l4 equ $-m4
m5 db " ", 10d,13d
l5 equ $-m5
section .bss
num resb 20
array resb 200
char_ans resb 16
cnt resb 20
cnt1 resb 20
cnt2 resb 20
section .text
global _start
_start:
;---------accept array size-----------
scall 1,1,m1,l1
scall 0,0,num,3
call accept_proc
mov [cnt],bx
mov [cnt1],bx
mov [cnt2],bx
;-----accept array elements----------
mov rbp,array
up1:
scall 1,1,m2,l2
scall 0,0,num,3
call accept_proc
mov [rbp],bx
add rbp,2
dec byte[cnt]
jnz up1
;------display array elements------
scall 1,1,m3,l3
mov ax,[cnt1]
mov [cnt],ax
mov rbx,array
back1:
mov ax,[rbx]
call display_proc
scall 1,1,char_ans,3
scall 1,1,m5,l5
add rbx,2
dec byte[cnt]
jnz back1
;----------array addition---------
mov ax,[cnt2]
mov [cnt],ax
mov ax,00h
mov rbx,array
back2:
add ax,[rbx]
add rbx,2
dec byte[cnt]
jnz back2
call display_proc
scall 1,1,m4,l4
scall 1,1,char_ans,3
scall 1,1,m5,l5
;--------exit------------
mov rax, 60
mov rdi, 0
syscall
;--------accept procedure----------
accept_proc:
mov rsi,num
mov rax,0
mov rbx,0
mov rcx,2
back:
rol rbx,04
mov al,[rsi]
cmp al,39h
jbe next
sub al,07h
next:
sub al,30h
add bx,ax
inc rsi
dec rcx
jnz back
ret
;------------------Display Procedure-------------------
display_proc:
mov rbp,char_ans
mov rcx,2
up3:
rol al,04
mov dl,al
and dl,0Fh
cmp dl,09h
jbe next1
add dl,07h
next1:
add dl,30h
mov [rbp],dl
inc rbp
dec rcx
JNZ up3
ret
;--------------------------------------
