HERMOSA: A COMMERCIAL COMPLEX IN BORACAY

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of

College of Architecture, Fine Arts and Design

Batangas State University

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of

Architectural Design 5: Space Planning 2

For the Degree in Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Submitted by:

Xaira Alexa Mari L. Castro

20-00618

Submitted to:

Ar. Aldwin A. Cueto

Instructor

2022
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENT PAGE
ABSTRACT i
CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………... 2
1.2 Background of the Study ………………………………........... 4
1.3 Theoretical Framework ………………………………….......... 6
1.4 Conceptual Framework ………………………………………... 7
1.5 Statement of the Problem ……………………………………... 8
1.6 Significance of the Study ………………………………........... 9
1.7 Objectives of the Study ………………………………………... 10
1.8 Scope and Limitation of the Study ……………………........... 11
1.9 Definition of Terms ……………………………………………... 12
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Foreign Study …………………………………………….......... 16
2.2 Local Study ……………………………………………………… 22
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design ………………………………………………. 29
3.2 Data Presentation, Interpretation, and Analysis ……………. 31
CHAPTER 4: ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
4.1 Spatial Organization ……………………………………........... 45
4.2 Graphical and Spatial Programming …………………………. 67
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
 ABSTRACT

Shopping centers and other clusters of businesses have a long history that

dates to the Middle Eastern covered markets as well as the early days of civilization.

These commercial buildings host businesses, stores, and eye-catching elements that

lure people inside. The number of shopping malls and centers increase from one

location to another has a significant impact on the country's social, economic, and

financial stability. Manila is home to some of the biggest malls in the world, but

insufficient consideration has been given to the surroundings. It is important to

embrace Filipino architecture not only as an aesthetic movement but also to build a

structure that represents Filipino culture. To provide a recommended commercial

complex that would demonstrate an effective structure and preserve Filipino culture

through architecture in Boracay, the researcher studies the proposal thoroughly.

The Philippines' Western Visayas region includes the tourist island of Boracay,

which is situated 0.8 kilometers (0.50 mi) off Panay's northwest coast. It is in Malay,

Aklan, and covers a total land area of 25.32 square kilometers (9.78 square miles).

The main tourist beach, White Beach, is four kilometers (2.5 miles) long and is

surrounded by hotels, resorts, guesthouses, dining establishments, and other tourism-

related enterprises. Tourism now accounts for the majority of Boracay's economic

activity, but the island was first developed as an agricultural area in 1949. It had

access to aquatic resources coming from the Sibuyan and Sulu seas, and it still does.

On the island, pollution developed into a significant problem, in part because

there was no effective sewage infrastructure. Some beaches had levels of fecal

i
coliform (e. coli) that were forty-seven times higher than what was considered

tolerable. This created major health hazards for both residents and visitors.

The main design idea for this project will center on how these aspects - namely,

function, form, site elements, user needs, and user profile, including age, gender, and

disability, among others - would link to one another to create a structure that is

accessible to individuals. Given that this project will highlight the island's structural

architecture, it will benefit the Philippines' tourism and economy. Creating different

representations of traditional cultures, architecture, and history to consider when

creating the concept. The plan would include efficiency and energy saving to create a

user-friendly and comfortable design.

The manner of collecting the necessary data by their categories and

consideration for a precise analysis of the information for the proposed project. The

purpose of this data collection method, as well as other relevant factors, will be crucial

in the project's planning. The architectural programming and space analysis was done

logically to inform the researcher for proper distribution of spaces and flow of traffic

throughout the building.

ii
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

The number of shopping malls and centers increase from one location to another

has a significant impact on the country's social, economic, and financial stability.

These commercial enterprises offer its occupants more than just a location to shop;

they also serve as a center of entertainment because they hold a variety of activities

that allow them to spend time and have fun. These commercial buildings host

businesses, stores, and eye-catching elements that lure people inside.

Shopping centers and other clusters of businesses have a long history that dates

to the Middle Eastern covered markets as well as the early days of civilization. The

concept of these shopping centers originates from the aggregation of businesses in a

specific location and develops into several sorts relying on their sizes and what they

provide.

Whereas the initial purpose of these shopping centers was to bridge the gap

between the demands of people's accessibility and the efficient delivery of goods to a

rapidly expanding population, it has evolved into a center that provides a wide range

of options for its consumers. It varies from the displays of goods for their aesthetic

necessities, electronic components, & souvenirs. Furthermore, it develops from

modest to vast shopping complexes with a wide range of stores, cinemas, restaurants,

and parks. The shopping center has changed and now has an impact on the local

economy. Originally constructed as a focal community center where people could

gather to shop and connect socially.

2
 A prime example of a country that benefits from such commercial businesses and

from the fact that it is home to several of the biggest malls in the world is the

Philippines. Through time the Philippine real estate market evolved from the basic

enclosed structure with stores lining its hallways to open lifestyle-focused or open

shops inside a single complex. The Filipino people view the construction of large

commercial buildings, such as shopping malls, as a sign of their development in the

cities in which they live.

Manila, the capital of the country, has additionally served as the center of

Philippine commerce and industry. Expectedly, most of the largest and most opulent

shopping centers are situated here. We could say that these facilities, such as malls,

shopping centers, and establishments frequently seen in the commercial area, are

already a part of Filipino culture because the Filipino people express their affection for

and patronize these institutions. Despite these enormous spaces, they seem to never

run out of energy or money to spend on these commercial establishments.

Regardless of the positive influence that these businesses have on a community's

development, the environment and its residents suffer because of pollution, traffic

problems, overcrowded, and unfriendly architectural designs. Some of the effects are

indicators of the society’s health and, if left unattended, can result in issues that have

a significant negative impact on all variables, including economic growth. Also keep in

mind that, even though our nation is home to some of the biggest malls in the world,

one drawback of these buildings is that insufficient consideration has been given to

the surroundings and the comfort of others.

3
 Moreover, the location and design of these facilities ought to be reflected in our

culture. It is important to embrace Filipino architecture not only as an aesthetic

movement but also to build a structure that represents Filipino culture.

To provide a recommended commercial complex that would demonstrate an

effective structure and preserve Filipino culture through architecture in the island of

Boracay, the proponents study the proposal thoroughly. This idea aims to strengthen

the relationship between nature and architecture as well as the comfort of the

complex's consumers and users.

1.2 Background of the Study

The Philippines' Western Visayas region includes the tourist island of Boracay,

which is situated 0.8 kilometers (0.50 mi) off Panay's northwest coast. It is in Malay,

Aklan, and covers a total land area of 25.32 square kilometers (9.78 square miles).

The Ati people, who were the island's Indigenous inhabitants, were included in the

32,267 individuals who called Boracay home in 2015. However, over time, commercial

development has severely marginalized them.

Boracay is well known for being one of the world's top vacation spots in addition

to its white sand beaches. It was becoming one of the top locations for serenity and

nightlife as of 2013. The main tourist beach, White Beach, is four kilometers (2.5 miles)

long and is surrounded by hotels, resorts, guesthouses, dining establishments, and

other tourism-related enterprises. The Beachfront Path, a footpath that runs down the

beachfront for about two kilometers in the middle, divides the beach from the

businesses that line it. Beachfront businesses are located directly on the beach to the

north and south of the Beachfront Path. The Beachfront Path is connected to

4
Boracay's Main Route, a vehicle road that traverses the length of the island, by several

roads and trails.

The island's economy has not always been primarily fueled by tourism. There used

to be several fishing-dependent settlements before the growing economy. The wet

markets in the area would buy the fish. The salaries these employees received were,

at best, low. The quantity of fish they could capture and sell determined everything.

Naturally, they were also influenced by the weather. Although tourism now accounts

for the majority of Boracay's economic activity, the island was first developed as an

agricultural area in 1949. It makes sense that the locals choose agriculture and fishing

as their primary sources of income. It had access to aquatic resources coming from

the Sibuyan and Sulu seas, and it still does.

Negative socioeconomic effects on the Indigenous population, coupled with the

growth of tourism activities and shoddy environmental infrastructure planning, made

Boracay both unmanageable and unsustainable. On the island, pollution developed

into a significant problem, in part because there was no effective sewage

infrastructure. For instance, the water at some beaches had levels of fecal coliform (e.

coli) that were forty-seven times higher than what was considered tolerable. For both

residents and visitors, this created major health hazards. For the residents of the

island, who primarily rely on tourism, the abrupt decision to close the island to visitors

in February 2018 was exceedingly difficult. The main motivation for the choice was to

utilize the break to update the sewage treatment systems in hotels, clean up the

environment, and create a tourism plan that would ensure the island's sustainability in

5
the future. So, on October 26, 2018, Boracay reopened with a new policy that aims to

limit industry to make it more sustainable.

1.3 Theoretical Framework

Several dimensional typologies can be used to create a model of attraction factors

of a shopping center (North and Kotze, 2004). Among these factors, the offer,

accessibility, service, and environment variables are always present.

According to Munuera and Cuestas (2006), most international studies have

focused on commercial establishments and their individual features; however, these

studies have not considered the shopping center as a unit of analysis. Micu (2013)

found that various attraction factors of the shopping center are oriented toward the

geographical and cultural features of the study.

There is no consensus regarding numerous attraction factors because the

variables that constitute them are multiple and may refer to tangible and intangible

aspects, which also depend on the subjective assessment of each (North and Kotze,

2004). However, the attraction factor analysis of shopping centers and establishments

is conceived as a strategy of competitive distribution to draw more clients to the

shopping facilities and improve their experience (Bigné and Andreu, 2004). From this

perspective, assessing the attractiveness of the shopping centers is important for the

following reasons: to improve its own management due to its relation with the intention

to visit (Michon et al., 2005), and to provide information about the relation between

attraction factors and consumer profiles, i.e., to give knowledge on the segmentation

and specialization of shopping centers based on the understanding of the style of

clients’ purchasing decisions (Alavi et al., 2016).

6
1.4 Conceptual Framework

Problems Encountered: Considerations:

Major Problems: 1. The Site
1. Design Approach 2. Systematical Spaces
2. Space Planning 3. Innovation
3. Design Solution 4. Energy and Water
Minor Problems: Efficiency
1. Difference of the Project 5. Future Development
to the Existing Projects
2. Circulation
3. Needed Facilities and
Amenities Design Solution and Concept:
4. Sustainable Design Structural Architecture with
5. Existing Problems of the Tropical Modernism
Site
PROCESS

INPUT

Hermosa: A Commercial
Complex in Boracay

OUTPUT
Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm

Given that these project will highlight the island's structural architecture, it will

benefit the Philippines' tourism and economy. Its objective is to design a structure that

integrates both modern and tropical design. Creating different representations of

traditional cultures, architecture, and history to take into account when creating the

7
concept. The plan would include efficiency and energy saving in order to create a

user-friendly and comfortable design.

The main design idea for this project will center on how these aspects - namely,

function, form, site elements, user needs, and user profile, including age, gender, and

disability, among others - would link to one another to create a structure that is

accessible to individuals.

1.5 Statement of the Problem

The problems for this study included major problems and minor problems which

were structured to further offer insights to the major problem.

1.5.1 Major Problems

1.5.1.1. What is the most effective approach and suitable architectural

design to acquire a convenient and pleasant commercial complex?

1.5.1.2. What are the possible space requirements needed to ensure that

the proposed project would benefit the users, environment, and the

economy??

1.5.1.3. What design solution should be applied regarding both passive

and active practices with a proper utilization of the site?

1.5.2 Minor Problems

1.5.1.1. How can the project be designed to attract the public's attention

and contribute to fulfilling the community's expanding needs?

1.5.1.2. What is the suitable concept, layout, and proper zoning to be

applied to attain an effective and functional design?

8
 1.5.1.3. What potential facilities and amenities would make a successful

recreational activity stand out from other commercial complexes?

1.5.1.4. What design for sustainability may be utilized in the project's

development, considering the availability of materials and climate of the

site?

1.5.1.5. What are the existing problems on the site?

1.6 Significance of the Study

The study will determine the best approach for designing a commercial complex

that can meet the needs and offer necessary services to the Island of Boracay. A

design concept that will address the issues and use all available design methods to

improve the design's efficiency and impact on users and employers. By giving the

highest priority to every factor that will contribute to the attainment of community's

goals, user needs, and environmental responsibility.

To the community, the proposed project lies in its ability to serve its needs, offer

recreational activities, and foster strong ties between its residents and the island's

environment, culture, values, and beliefs.

To the future users, the proposed projects offer services and a serene

environment for them to relish. Additionally, it will allow them to meet their personal

needs and communicate with others in different activities.

To the future investors, the proposed project will captivate entrepreneurs since it

provides a design strategy that will aid in their comprehension of how commercial

complexes operate. Their business will further be established, and they will have

effective business strategy.

9
 To the environment, the proposed project considers the environment in the

implementation of sustainable and passive design principles by decreasing the energy

consumption by making use of natural resources found nearby and harnessing natural

light and ventilation.

To the economy, it will benefit on the proposed project including the provision of

more opportunities for the island's residents, the promotion of local products and

services, and an overall improvement in the island's economy.

1.7 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this study are divided into two categories, such as the

project objectives and the design goals. This idea is presented so that readers can

understand why the study is being done.

1.7.1 Project Objectives

• To provide the facilities that a commercial complex composed of retails,

offices, and leisure areas to deliver products and services to the public.

• To produce more job opportunities for the local residences that will soon

uplift the economic status and quality of living.

• To cope up with the business industry demands through providing an

eminent business accommodation that will help the country‘s economic

development.

1.7.2 Design Objectives

• To develop the best possible plan of the structures that will be suitable for

both structure and site.

10
 • To create a functional at the same time aesthetically pleasing design to the

community.

• To design a building that will maintain the good ambiance of the place

through utilizing the given scenery, natural resources, and landscape in the

design proper.

1.8 Scope and Limitation of the Study

1.8.1 Scope

To develop a unique design for a commercial complex, coverage of the project

will include an analysis of the site, zone planning, design concept and architectural

considerations.

The project covers the following:

• Site Analysis and Zoning.

• Architectural Planning and Design.

• Feasibility Study and Economic Enhancement.

• Site development and Innovative design.

• Further research and future expansion.

The design covers the following:

• Commercial Complex

• Shopping Center

• Movie Theater

• Restaurants

• Services, Utilities and Amenities

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 • Administrative Office

• Security and Safety Offices

• Open Spaces and Parking

• Road Networks

The things to consider:

• Circulation

• Accessibility

• Efficiency

• Security

• Services

• Comfort

• Sustainability

1.8.2 Limitation

The study concentrates on the feasibility and idea that would further the project and

focuses on the architectural design and planning for a proposed commercial complex.

The project's architectural plans, design concept, and site analysis are the only

aspects covered in the proposal.

1.9 Definition of Terms

• Architecture - the art and science of designing buildings and other physical

structures.

• Accessible - capable of being reached or being within reach.

12
• Administration - It is the range of activities connected with organizing and

supervising the way that an organization or institution functions.

• Business - the practice of making one's living by engaging in commerce.

• Circulation - movement to and from or around something, especially that of

fluid in a closed system.

• Commercial - refers to activities of commerce - business operations intended

for an exchange on the market with the goal of earning profits.

• Commercial Establishment - means non-lodging related public and private

facilities which serve the public or selected members of the public.

• Design Approach - design methodology that provides a solution-based

approach to solving problems.

• Economic - is the social science that studies how people interact with things

of value; in particular, the production, distribution, and consumption of

goods and services.

• Facilities - It refers to buildings, pieces of equipment, or services that are

provided for a particular purpose.

• Framework - an essential supporting structure of a building, vehicle, or object.

• Functional - It means relating to the way in which something works or operate

or relating to how useful it is.

• Innovative - It is something that is new and original.

• Local Services - means a business that provides services primarily within the

city or county in which the business is located.

13
• Mall - a large retail complex containing a variety of stores and often restaurants

and other business establishments.

• Modern Architecture - Is characterized by simplification of form and an

absence of applied decoration. It is a term applied to an overarching

movement, with its exact definition and scope varying widely.

• Office - a room, set of rooms, or building used as a place for commercial,

professional, or bureaucratic work.

• Public Space - an area or place that is open and accessible.

• Security - It is the protection against illegal or wrongful intrusion.

• Service - a system supplying a public need such as transport,

communications, or utilities such as electricity and water.

• Sustainable - able to maintain a certain rate or level.

• Sustainable Architecture - is architecture that utilizes environmentally

conscious design techniques.

• Tourism - Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also, the theory and

practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and

entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours.

• Tropical Modernism - is known for its wide, open spaces, increased

ventilation, a focus on local resources, and building materials with cooling

factors.

• Utility - the state of being useful, profitable, or beneficial.

14
• Zone - It is an area that has features or characteristics; if an area of land is

zoned it is formally set aside for a particular purpose.

15
 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1.2 Foreign Study

2.1.1 Istanbul Cehavir

Figure 2. Istanbul Cehavir

The Işli Kültür ve Ticaret Merkezi, commonly known as the Istanbul Cevahir

Shopping and Entertainment Centre, is a contemporary shopping center situated on

Büyükdere Avenue in Istanbul, Turkey's Işli neighborhood. Istanbul Cevahir was

constructed for US$250 million on a 62,475 m2 (672,000 sq ft) land site. Its overall

floor area is 420,000 m2 (4,521,000 sq ft), and its gross leasable area for stores and

restaurants is 110,000 m2 (1,184,000 sq ft). The shopping center's six retail levels

feature 343 stores, including those that sell certain international brands for the first

time in Turkey, thirty-four fast food outlets, and fourteen exclusive eateries. A huge

stage for performances and other events, twelve theaters (including a private theatre

and a children's theater), a bowling alley, a miniature roller coaster, and various other

entertainment facilities are also available. The second-largest clock in the world, with

16
digits three meters (10 feet) high, is mounted atop the building's 2,500 square meters

(26,910 square feet) of glass roof.

2.1.2 Parc Central

Figure 3. Parc Central

Parc Central in Guangzhou, China, is a "Stadium for retail" to the expanding

Pearl River Delta city's economy because it successfully combines low-rise above and

below-ground retail development with a multi-level parkland. Additionally, this

development adds a captivating element to Guangzhou's urban design, which mixes

public realm, transit-oriented, and retail design principles.

With two levels above ground and three below, Parc Central is a remarkable

110,000 m2 retail complex that is a low-rise structure that is 24 m tall and built around

an open atmosphere. Within the city center, the landscape, which forms the hub of the

development, has produced a "Place to Breathe" where people may congregate,

unwind, and mingle. Given that it is lower than the nearby structures, the design was

17
intended to make a striking visual statement that would add to the rhythm of the city's

main axis.

Its goal was to make an economic, social, and spatial contribution to the city.

The goal of Parc Central, which is situated along the "Green Axis" of the city, was to

serve as a focal point and new "Central Park." A large portion of the development has

been buried in order to accomplish this and maintain the ground level environment.

The gardens, planted walkways, and living walls combine to form a green space with

a wavelike motion that mixes with both the development itself and the outside view

from the street. In the end, the design provides the neighborhood with a calming and

rebalanced environment.

The "double fish," a Chinese emblem for good fortune, harmony, and peace,

served as the architectural model for the buildings' steel monocoque roof structure. A

pedestrian bridge connects the two structures at one end as they curve around the

main grounds. In order to extend the building's landscape aspect upward, a series of

gardens are positioned beneath the tree-like columns that support the monocoque

roof canopies.

A rainwater collection system, low-E glass façades, and an EFTE roof are all

part of Parc Central's sustainable design, which improves environmental performance.

The geometry of the architecture has also been introduced by Benoy's Interior

Design Team, with flowing ceiling cove forms and unbroken joinery along the void

margins. The retail route is punctuated by large atriums, which provide light into the

arcades. The mall's natural backdrop is created by a neutral color scheme of white

and reconstituted stone, highlighting its tenants and their products to the fullest.

18
 2.1.2 The Star Vista

Figure 4. The Star Vista

The 5,000-seat performance hall that is a part of the Star Performing Arts

Centre and 260,000 square feet of retail space known as Star Vista. The Marina Bay

Sands and its three spread, 50-story towers rising over a casino and supporting a

flying pool are examples of how retail and spectacle have previously blended in this

culture, so the Star's hybrid program and expressive shape are not particularly

surprising. The building is remarkable for the power of its images, the ease with which

the uses and forms blend, and the quantity of outdoor public space it offers.

The site is part of the larger one-north primary plan at Buona Vista, Singapore,

which was developed to provide a regional hub for a variety of civic and cultural events

as well as to encourage innovation and creativity. It was crucial that the architectural

solution to the client's specification united the practical and technological needs of an

iconic architectural form to maintain one-audacious north's vision.

19
 Large masses are dispersed by faceted glass fissures, which also produce a

dynamic composition of positive and negative spaces as well as a sense of

equilibrium. The south elevation is open, and the outside may see all its facilities. The

structure is an open-to-public biological object. A network of ramps, escalators,

terraces, and public gardens allow access to the complex from all sides, allowing one

to travel through it, traverse it, and climb onto it. All interior circulations, movements,

and forms are supple and sinuous, as though the complex's internal civic activities

have fashioned them.

2.1.3 Westgate Tower

\
Figure 5. Westgate Tower

The integrated retail and office complex, which is part of Jurong Gateway,

consists of a 20-level office tower called Westgate Tower and a 7-level lifestyle and

family shopping mall. Isetan Supermarket was situated at Westgate's Basement 2, the

ground floor, which was shut down on March 8, 2020. On Level 4, there is a theme

20
park named Westgate Wonderland. On Level 5, there is a daycare facility called Kids

Club.

Jurong's native scenery serves as inspiration for Westgate's architecture, while

relating to its future objectives. The property contains lush, manicured areas for the

public to enjoy and was designed as an urban sanctuary. using prominent palms to

make a visual statement and sculptural plantings to improve the landscape. To

enhance the building's visual appeal and sense of greenness, vertical flora has been

included into the design of the facade.

The Jurong East MRT interchange and the mall are directly connected.

interchange, as well as services such the Ng Teng Fong General Hospital. With

numerous well-known brands, it provides a city lifestyle shopping experience.

Additionally, the mall provides a comprehensive shopping experience with special

elements like The Courtyard, which has natural ventilation and offers outdoor dining

options, as well as a children's playground with a theme. Together, Westgate, IMM,

and JCube form a "3-in-1" mega mall that offers experiences for our customers in

lifestyle, value, and entertainment.

21
 2.1.4 Local Study

2.1.4.1 Centrio Mall

Figure 6. Centrio Mall

A shopping center, a hotel, a BPO/office building, and a condominium tower

make up Centrio Mall, an integrated mixed-use complex on the corner of Capt. Vicente

Roa Street and Corrales Avenue. Philippine city of Cagayan de Oro's Claro M. Recto

Avenue. In the city's core business center, Centrio Mall spans 3.7 hectares and is

designed around the idea of "shop, dine, live, work, and play." Along with Limketkai

Mall, it is also a block from SM CDO Downtown Premier and across the street from

Gaisano City Mall. The Ayala Corporation is the owner of Centrio Mall, which is worth

an estimated $5 billion.

The three-level mall has a gross floor area of 4,000 m2 (43,000 sq ft) and a

gross leasable area of 44,000 m2 (470,000 sq ft) (excluding the basement level that

serves as a parking lot). Ayala executives made the choice to keep two old acacia

trees, which are thought to be 60 years old, during the development time. The two

22
enormous trees served as the cornerstone of Centrio Mall Garden, a small park that

was established into the mall's outdoor space. The mall is now the first eco-friendly

and family-friendly shopping destination in the city thanks to the indoor park, which

doubles as a top attraction and a kids' playground.

2.1.4.2 SM Aura Premier

Figure 7. SM Aura Premier

SM Aura Premier is a upscale, premium retail center that is owned by SM Prime

Holdings, the nation's largest mall developer, and is situated near McKinley Parkway

and 26th Street in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Metro Manila, the Philippines. It is

the 47th SM Prime mall in the Philippines and the 13th SM Supermall in Metro Manila.

After SM Lanang Premier, it is the second SM Supermall to bear the moniker

"Premier." The shopping center is located close to Market, a nearby competitor.

Market! owned by Ayala Malls, an arm of Ayala Corporation and a real estate division

of Ayala Land.

The Skypark, a multi-level green roof, is a feature of the construction. It contains

outdoor cafés and eateries, sculptures, botanical gardens, Samsung Hall, a concert

venue with 1,000 seats, and the Chapel of San Pedro Calungsod, which seats 250

23
people. The structure, created by Miami-based architectural company Arquitectonica,

will have a simple dumbbell layout due to the site's limited width, with the main

entrance at the north corner and the office tower at the southern end. Taxi stations

are in the first basement and are accessible from the lower, eastern road. The primary

vehicle drop-off is located on the western side.

The shopping center is connected to a 29-story office building with a 40,424

square meter floor area (435,120 sq ft). With elements for sustainable operation and

energy-efficient use, the SM Aura Office Tower was constructed in accordance with

international green standards. One of the biggest serviced offices in the Philippines,

with four hundred seats spread across 20,000 square meters (220,000 square feet),

is in The Office Tower. The tower, which is a part of Bonifacio Civic Center, is also

home to several government institutions, including the Social Security System,

PhilHealth, Pag-IBIG Fund (Home Development Mutual Fund), Philippine Postal

Corporation, and the local government of Taguig City. Corporate headquarters for

companies including Uber, Lixil Philippines, Cisco, Regent Foods Corp., and Ezaki

Glico International are also located in the Aura Tower.

As the first and only mall in the Philippines to receive the Leadership in Energy

and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold certification for its green features in the retail

industry. Institutions that adhere to the stringent guidelines governing green

architecture and construction are given the LEED Certification, an internationally

recognized standard. It is a distinction given by the US Green Building Council to a

select few.

24
 2.1.4.3 The Podium

Figure 8. The Podium

The Podium is a mixed-use building situated along ADB Avenue in

Mandaluyong, Philippines' Ortigas Center, a significant business and commercial hub.

It was created in December 2001, and a Singaporean business, Keppel Land and

BDO Unibank, collaborated on it. It was formally launched in August 2002.

The mixed-use complex consists of two office buildings that have been

constructed on top of the same-named shopping mall. BDO Corporate Center and

The Podium West Tower are the structures, and they were constructed in 2015 and

2019, respectively. On October 27, 2017, a six-level addition (Phase 2) next to the

primary mall went into operation. It will be the podium of the 43-story office building

when it debuts in the following year. After the opening, the main building (Phase 1)

was shuttered for renovations and reopened in December 2018.

25
 The Podium is a contemporary structure with a front made of a living green wall

and elaborate architectural details. Additionally, it has three Director's Club theaters,

all of which debuted on December 15, 2018.

The P12 billion enlargement creates a masterwork of architecture that adorns

the Ortigas CBD skyline. The Podium, which was created by Arquitectonica and Felix

S. Lim & Associates, features a streamlined arrangement of areas, volumes, hues,

and light. With beautiful garden walls encircling the building, the outside radiates visual

lines that are intended to be striking. With more than 6,500 plants, the 2,000 square

meter green wall is the biggest in the nation and helps to cool and purify the

environment of the building.

The mall has received prestigious awards and citations for integrating green

initiatives and sustainability with its contemporary design, including the LEED Gold

Mark (Core & Shell) pre-certification by the US Green Building Council and the Green

Mark Gold Award from the Building and Construction Authority of Singapore.

2.1.4.4 UP Town Center

Figure 9. UP Town Center

26
 The Ayala Malls group manages the U.P. Town Center, sometimes known as

UPTC, a shopping center in Quezon City, Metro Manila, the Philippines, which opened

on September 30, 2013. The University of the Philippines granted Ayala Land a 25-

year leasing agreement to develop the 7.4 hectares (18 acres) of land that is a part of

the university's campus into a shopping mall complex. According to reports, the lot's

existing trees were not felled, and 40% of the space has been set aside for open

space.

There are three phases to the U.P. Town Center. The first phase, which spans

4,700 square meters (51,000 sq ft) and includes a 2-level Timezone arcade, is for

eateries and retail establishments. More dining and retail establishments were

included in the second phase, which had a floor area of 26,000 square meters

(280,000 square feet). The third and final phase would be 37,000 square meters

(400,000 square feet), and it would have four movie theaters, offices, additional shops,

and restaurants, including a two-story H&M store. The U.P.'s architectural layout and

master planning. International architectural company Benoy completed the

construction of Town Center.

The University of the Philippines Diliman, Ateneo de Manila University, and

Miriam College are just a few of the universities and colleges that are primarily

targeted by the U.P. Town Center, which is known as the "first and only university

town center" in the Philippines.

When the complex's first phase first opened, restaurants and other dining

establishments made up most of its tenants. Thirty tenants were present in November

2013, with only two being retail stores and twenty-eight being dining establishments.

27
By this time, Ayala Malls prioritized new dining and restaurant brands above well-

known fast-food chains and eateries because many of these businesses already had

outlets close by.

After the second phase was finished, many retail chains with a focus on

millennials-built stores at the U.P., primarily providing clothing, accessories, sports

equipment, technology, office supplies, and other services. Town Square.

28
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Research Design

3.1.1. Research Paradigm

This pattern serves as a visual representation of the research methodology

used for this project proposal. Obtaining information at various stages to serve as a

foundation of information and concepts for the benefit of the entire design process.

• Data Gathering
• Site Selection
INPUT
• Related Studies
• Project Requirements and Specifications

• Information and Data Analysis

• Evaluation of Goals and Objectives
PROCESS
• Synchronizing Data
• Site Analysis

• Architectural Planning and Design Solution

OUTPUT • Planning ang Design Development

• Conclusion of the Study Recommendation

Figure 10. Research Paradigm

29
 3.1.2. Data Sources

The current state of the country caused by pandemic limits the capacity of

researchers to extract information from various sources. The researchers, therefore,

relied only through the internet information, facts and reliable materials given directly

by professors as a basis for all the necessary information needed for this research.

Most of the information is from a secondhand source.

The detailed breakdown of sources used by the researchers enumerated

below:

Primary Data / Sources

This analytical data gathering is dependable enough and comes from trusted

sources, which would strengthen the study's underlying assumptions. Data collected

from the local area, interviews, images of the locales, and standard publications

written by well-known authors make up the key sources for this study. These sources

offer the fundamental information needed to begin and advance the study's analyses.

The information from these sources further strengthens the accuracy of the

information in the study. It provides the guidelines required for information analysis,

data validation, and solution recommendations. The fundamental concepts identified

in primary sources serve as the cornerstone for solving complex issues and pave the

path for an effective and thoroughly considered research project.

Secondary Data / Sources

The secondary data gathered in this study serves as supporting information for

the study's development and improvement. The studies, publications, and reports of

other authors make up the sources of these data. To widen the scope of the data

30
offered by the study, the researchers additionally integrate information from corporate

and reputable institutional websites. Thesis books by various writers that were linked

to the study were also employed as a guide and to align the investigation's

advancement with its objective. A wider perspective on the study being conducted

was provided by related material and important concerns that were also addressed.

These secondary data were verified twice to ensure their relevance to the study.

3.2. Data Presentation, Interpretation, and Analysis

The manner of collecting the necessary data by the researcher by their

categories and consideration for a precise analysis of the information for the

proposed project. The purpose of this data collection method, as well as other

relevant factors, will be crucial in the project's planning, according to the researcher.

• The location of the site. The location was already given beforehand; therefore,

the researchers only consider which part of the site to locate our proposed

project.

• Through the observation and analyzing the present educational, economic,

and social status of the site and the demographic information which is crucial

information for the researcher to envision the proposal and the effect of

concept to the different users.

• The architectural programming and space analysis was done logically to

inform the researcher for proper distribution of spaces and flow of traffic

throughout the building.

• Necessary information and facts related for designing commercial complexes

and various strategies for the sake of proposed projects.

31
 3.2.1. Site Data

3.2.1.1. Macro Site

Figure 11. Administrative Boundary Map of Manoc-manoc

Up-and-coming Manoc-Manoc is home to the southern end of White Beach,

known for swimming and sunset views. Backpacker hostels mingle with upscale

boutique villas, and the low-key nightlife scene ranges from hotel bars to long-standing

local hangouts. Open-air beachfront eateries serve Filipino, Asian, and Western fare,

while Cagban Jetty Port connects travelers to the regional airport in nearby Caticlan.

Manoc‑Manoc is a barangay in the municipality of Malay, in the province of

Aklan. It is situated at approximately 11.9488, 121.9395, in the island of Boracay.

Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 21.5 meters or 70.5 feet above mean

sea level.

32
 3.2.1.2. Land Cover

Figure 12. Land Cover Map of Manoc-manoc

Using the status of land classification from the 2020 Philippine Forestry

Statistics of the Forest Management Bureau (FMB) of the Department of Environment

and Natural Resources (DENR), the region of Aklan has a total land area of 181,789

hectares. The 78,990 hectares of the land area is classified as forestland equivalent

to 43.45% of the total land area while 692 hectares of it is still unclassified. The

forestland is classified into two: the established timberland which has a total land area

of 74,428 hectares and the remaining land area are fishpond with 3,870 hectares.

In 2010, The municipality of Malay had 13.2Mha of natural forest, extending

over 62% of its land area. In 2021, it lost 37.7kha of natural forest, equivalent to 22.5Mt

of CO₂ emissions.

33
 3.2.1.3. Road Network Map

Figure 13. Road Network Map of Manoc-manoc

The Boracay Island in Malay, Aklan now boasts an improved road network with

the 8.73-kilometer portion of Boracay Circumferential Road Project. The sections were

concreted, widened, and constructed with drainage system with wider sidewalks as

well as provisions for street lighting, tree planting and road safety markings. The

completed segments of Boracay Circumferential Road Project cover the Phase 1

which spans 4.47 kilometers and has three sections namely: Cagban Port to Hue

Hotel, Hue Hotel to Elizalde, up to Bolabog Dramatic Road and the Phase 2, which

involves the whole 3.36 kilometers and has three (3) sections namely: Elizalde to

Ambassador, Ambassador to City Mall, and from Tambis-an Port to Rotonda.

34
 3.2.1.4. Slope

Figure 14. Slope Map of Manoc-manoc

Majority of the municipality can be classified as having rolled to moderately

steep with 8 to 18% slopes. However, some parts of municipality are classified as

having gently sloping lands with slopes ranging from 3% and below. On the other

hand, some municipality can be found on steep slopes with 50%. However, certain

parts of the municipality can be classified as having steep slopes due to its location or

proximity to water systems.

Based on the NAMRIA topographic maps, the barangay Manoc-manoc has an

elevation of about 21.5 meters above sea level (70.5 feet).

35
 3.2.1.5. Soil Type

Figure 14. Soil Type Map of Manoc-manoc

The soil characteristics of Boracay Island consist of the following types namely,

1) Alimodian Clay Loam, 2) San Miguel Clay Loam, 3) Hydrosol and 4) Sand (DENR

2008). Barangay Manoc-manoc are hilly and are of Alimodian Clay Loam type. Spread

in some parts of the barangay is the Hydrosol type associated with the mangroves,

nipa, wetlands, swamps, and fishpond areas. Sand is dominant along beach bounds

3.2.1.6. Climate

Boracay weather consists of two seasons. The high season namely Amihan

and runs from November to May. It is the cool and dry northeast monsoon wind. During

the dry season, the east coast sees some winds and waves while on the west coast

have flat seas, ideal for swimming and snorkeling. While the low season called

36
Habagat and covers the period from June to October. It is the warm and wet southwest

monsoon wind that brings thunderstorms and heavy rains. The low season in Boracay

is not that wet, though, as downpours are usually short. This period is also the typhoon

season that can bring stormy conditions with intense winds for a few days at a time.

With an average year-round temperature of 30°C, and an average humidity of 75%,

Boracay Island has a tropical climate that makes it a pleasant place to stay at almost

any time. 39152.3307

3.2.1.7. Micro Site

Figure 15. Site of the Proposed Project

• Location: Manoc-manoc, Malay, Aklan

• Coordinates: 11°56'27.8"N 121°56'09.7"E

• Land Area: 39152.3307 sqm

• Perimeter: 893.6093 km

• Topography: 3% to 8% slope

• Soil Type: Alimodian Clay Loam

• Roads: Boracay Highway Street

• Power Source: Aklan Electric Cooperative, Inc. (AKELCO)

37
• Water Source: Boracay Island Water Company (BIWC)

• Telecommunication service: Smart Communication Inc., Globe Telecom, and

Panay Telephone Corporation (PANTELCO)

3.2.2. Site Analysis

3.2.2.1. Macro SWOT Analysis

Strength

• A commercial complex for the barangay Manoc-manoc, municipality of

Malay.

• Existence of public transportation from Boracay Jetty Port for the

accessibility to the site.

• The site is along the highway which makes it easy to locate.

• There is a 3% to 8% of slope for the topography which is also effective

for land development.

• Gives of a tropical experience because of its climate.

• Has access to power source supplied by AKELCO, water supply from

BIWC and telecommunication companies providing their services

namely Smart Communication, Globe Telecom, and PANTELCO.

• Ideal for entrepreneurs due to presence of infrastructures, utilities, and

a port within the vicinity.

• Absence of major water bodies within and around the given site.

38
Weakness

• The municipality of Malay is strategically located, thus the expected

increase of population of incoming tourists raises the concern of the local

government to provide a residential area to them.

• With the increasing population, solid waste management is also a

problem.

Opportunities

• The growing expansion of industry and service sectors from Metro

Manila to Aklan which elevates the local economy.

• The proposed project would create job opportunities where the residents

will profit.

• A proposed project that would magnetize more local and foreign

investors.

Threats

• The industrial pollutants contribute to air and noise pollution.

• A threat of traffic congestion if there is no plan.

3.2.2.2. Micro SWOT Analysis

Strength

• The presence of utility systems like electricity, water supply,

telecommunication at the site.

• The slope of the site does not raise any major problem.

• There is accessibility within the site with the existence of Boracay

Highway Street.

39
 • The site location and surroundings correspond to the objectives of the

proposed project.

• The land indicates a good vegetation with the existence of trees within

the site.

Weakness

• There is already a present competition for the proposed project with the

existence of business parks and industrial complexes.

• The non-existence of recreational facilities to improve health.

Opportunities

• The accessibility of the site through road networks could appeal the

attention of investors for the proposed project.

• Some business establishments constructed is a good implication of

suitability of the proposed project on the site.

• The proposed project could increase the economic development of the

municipality.

• The construction of the proposed project could offer more job

opportunities especially in barangay Manoc-manoc.

Threats

• The building establishments already present within the vicinity of the site

might create a competition to the proposed project.

• The urban infrastructure and transportation requirements may hinder the

progress with a public sector involvement in transport and traffic

management.

40
 3.2.3. User Analysis

3.2.3.1. User’s Demography

Demography is a statistical study of human populations conducted especially

with reference to size and density, distribution, and vital statistics. This information

plays a vital role with planning given that this is about the prospective users which will

be the assumed user of a proposed project.

Population by age group

According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in

Manoc-Manoc is 25 to 29, with 1,717 individuals. Conversely, the age group with the

lowest population is eighty and over, with forty-one individuals.

Combining age groups together, those aged fourteen and below, consisting of

the young dependent population which include infants/babies, children, and young

adolescents/teenagers, make up an aggregate of 33.77% (5,001). Those aged fifteen

up to sixty-four the economically active population and actual or potential members of

the work force, constitute a total of 64.55% (9,560). Finally, old dependent population

consisting of the senior citizens, those aged sixty-five and over, total 1.68% (249) in

all.

The computed Age Dependency Ratios mean that among the population of

Manoc‑Manoc, there are fifty-two youth dependents to every one hundred of the

working age population; there are three aged/senior citizens to every one hundred of

the working population; and overall, there are fifty-five dependents (young and old

age) to everyone hundreds of the working population.

41
 The median age of twenty-three indicates that half of the entire population of

Manoc‑Manoc are aged less than 23 and the other half are over the age of twenty-

three.

Age Group Population (2015) Age Group Percentage

Under 1 394 2.66%

1 to 4 1,507 10.18%

5 to 9 1,713 11.57%

10 to 14 1,387 9.37%

15 to 19 1,320 8.91%

20 to 24 1,660 11.21%

25 to 29 1,717 11.59%

30 to 34 1,459 9.85%

35 to 39 1,095 7.39%

40 to 44 746 5.04%

45 to 49 603 4.07%

50 to 54 430 2.90%

55 to 59 323 2.18%

60 to 64 207 1.40%

65 to 69 10 0.69%

70 to 74 59 0.40%

75 to 79 47 0.32%

80 to over 41 0.28%

Total 14,810 100.00%

Table 1. Population by Age Group

42
 Age Dependency Ratio

The age dependency ratio signifies the figures of people who belong to the non-

working people or dependent economically and figures of people who are

economically active or those who belong to the workforce. Data interpretation shows

that there is 52.31% of youth dependency ratio and a total of 2.6% old age

dependency ratio.

Historical Population

The population of Manoc-Manoc grew from 2,794 in 1990 to 20,504 in 2020,

an increase of 17,710 people over the course of 30 years. The latest census figures

in 2020 denote a growth rate of 7.09%, or an increase of 5,694 people, from the

previous population of 14,810 in 2015.

Census Date Population Growth Rate

1990 May 1 2,794 -

1995 Sep 1 4,353 8.66%

2000 May 1 5,656 5.78%

2007 Aug 1 8,426 5.65%

2010 May 1 12,526 15.53%

2012 Aug 1 14,810 3.24%

2020 May 1 20,504 7.09%

Table 2. Population (1990-2020)

43
 3.2.3.2. Organizational Structure

Company
President (CEO)

Vice President Vice President

Finance HR

Operations and Staff

Accounting
Recruitment Development

Billing Merchandising Distribution Manager Public Relations

Product Customer
Purchasing Image
Placement Service

Receiving and
Shipping Store Manager MarketiNg
Inspection

Utility Associates Advertising

Research and
Security
Development

Figure 16. Organizational Chart

44
 CHAPTER 4
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

4.1. Spatial Organization

The focus of spatial identification is to elaborate the spaces more through

identifying its probable users and their roles in the establishments. By means of

knowing the users and their function, allocating spaces with regards to its users can

be at ease.

4.1.1 Space Identification

4.2.2.1 Shopping Center

A. Public Areas

• Parking Area - a location that is designated for parking vehicles, either paved

or unpaved.

• Hallways - the interior passage or corridor in a building or structures.

• Atrium - a large open space located within a building that provides light and

ventilation to the interior.

• Common Toilet usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

• Stairs - a set of steps leading from one floor of a building to another.

• Elevator - a platform or compartment housed in a shaft for raising and lowering

people or things to different floors or levels.

• Escalator - a moving staircase consisting of an endlessly circulating belt of

steps driven by a motor, conveying people between the floors of a public

building.

45
 • Fire Exit - an access or used to escape in the event of a fire or other emergency

that makes the stairwells inside a building inaccessible.

B. Executive Department

The executive department coordinates, oversee and maintain daily operations of

the establishment. It provides effective management of the employees and

communications between other departments.

• General Manager‘s Office - room in which the general manager performs his

or her duties.

• Assistant Manager‘s Office - room which the assistant manager works.

• Conference Room - a room provided for events such as business meetings

and discussions.

• Files and Storage Room - a room where important files, documents and

supplies are stored.

• Staff‘s Lounge - an area which the executives can stay to relax, rest, and wait.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

C. Marketing and Sales Department

The marketing and sales department manages advertising, promotions, public

relations, and sales. It takes the lead in setting strategies and decides what marketing

communications are needed.

• Marketing and Sales Director‘s Office - a room where the sales and

marketing director works. This is where business and advertising strategy is

planned.

46
 • Clerk Area - an area where the clerks perform their clerical duties.

• Files and Storage Room - a room where important files, documents and

supplies are stored.

• Staff‘s Lounge - an area which the executives can stay to relax, rest, and wait.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

D. Human Resource Department

The human resource department is concerned with the issues of managing its

employees in the organization. It is responsible for the effective utilization of human

resources, training needs of the existing staffs, ensuring a positive employee welfare

and relations as well as a safe working environment.

• Human Resource Director‘s Office - a room where the Human Resource

Director works. His or her secretary also has space in this room.

• Training and Recruitment Office - a room where the interviews, meetings and

training sessions for the new employees are held.

• Clerk Area - an area where the clerks perform their clerical duties.

• Payroll Chief Office - a room where the Payroll Chief works. This is where the

salary and benefits are given.

• Files and Storage Room - a room where important files, documents and

supplies are stored.

• Staff‘s Lounge - an area which the executives can stay to relax, rest, and wait.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

47
 E. Accounting and Treasury Department

The accounting and treasury department produces complete and accurate

accounting information which serves as the foundation for the systematic

administration of the financial affairs of the establishment.

• Accounting Director‘s Office - a room where the Accounting Director works.

• Accounting Work Area - an area where accountants provide financial

information to the management by researching and analyzing accounting data.

• Auditing Work Area - an area where financial and risk management audits

and independent statutory financial audits are made.

• Supply and Storeroom - A room where the department‘s supplies are stored.

• Cash and Record Vault - a secured location with proper encryption where

cash, confidential and daily transactions records are stored.

• Staff‘s Lounge - an area which the executives can stay to relax, rest, and wait.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

F. Security and Control Department

The security department is responsible for patrolling and monitoring all areas in the

establishment. It ensures that all visitors, guests, and employees abide by the rules

and regulations imposed as the same time providing a safe and a secure environment.

• Chief Security Office - a room where the Chief Security Officer works.

• Surveillance Room - a room where the surveillance officer observes and

monitors the behavior and activities of people in the premises by electronic

equipment such as CCTV cameras.

48
 • Security Staff Area and Locker Room - a room where the security officers

can leave their personal belongings. It also serves as the Staff‘s Lounge of the

security officers.

• Containment Room - a room where suspected people arrested in the

premises are being held.

• Lost and Found Section - a section dedicated to the temporary storage of lost

items and place where people can claim their valuables.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

G. Engineering and Maintenance Department

The engineering and maintenance department are responsible for the protection

and upkeep of the establishment/owner‘s assets, including Fixture, and equipment.

• Chief Engineer‘s Office - a room where the Chief Engineer works.

• Work Area - an area where staffs under this department perform their duties

and responsibilities.

• Engineering Storeroom - a room where variety of items used in engineering

works are stored.

• Electrical Room - a room dedicated to the electrical equipment.

• Mechanical Room - a room dedicated to the mechanical equipment and its

associated electrical equipment used in support and maintenance of the

establishment.

49
 • Water Treatment Plant - a room dedicated to the storing of air handling unit

which consists of fans, heating and cooling coils, air control dampers, filters,

and silencers.

• Air Handling Unit Room - a room dedicated to the storing of air handling unit

which consists of fans, heating and cooling coils, air control dampers, filters,

and silencers.

• Control Room - a room where computer-based control system installed within

the building which controls and monitors the building‘s mechanical and

electrical equipment is place.

• Security and Safety Office - a room where the security and safety personnel

work who is assigned to maintain the safety in the area. It also serves as the

storage of emergency and safety kits.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

H. Service Area

The service area is a place where deliveries, storing items or things and disposing

garbage are done.

• Delivery Room - a room where deliveries are being checked and secured.

• Loading Docks - a space where delivery trucks can access to ease the loading

of things or items.

• Storage Room - a room where things are stored.

• Disposal Area - an area where garbage or wastes are being temporarily kept.

50
 • Material Recovery or Recycling Facility - a facility that enables authorized

personnel to separate and prepares recyclable materials for sale to end-user

manufacturers.

I. Supermarket

A supermarket is a large form of traditional grocery store, offering a wide variety of

food, household products and different merchandises, organized into aisles.

J. Department Store

A department store is a place where a wide range of consumer goods in different

product categories are sold.

K. Probable Major Tenants

These spaces are dedicated to probable tenants of the shopping center. These

are the probable retail business that will occupy and lease in the establishment.

• Bank

• Bookstore

• Clothing Stores

• Furniture Store

• Pet Store

• Technology Store

• Toy Store

L. Cinema

A cinema theater or movie theater is a venue for viewing films and movies.

51
 • Theatre Auditorium - part of a public building where an audience sits, as

distinct from the stage, the area on which the performance or other object of

the audience's attention is presented.

• Ticket Booth - the office where tickets of admission are sold.

• Projection Room - a small room in a cinema in which the film projectors are

operated.

• Storage / Utility Room - a room or space for the storing of goods or supplies.

• Staff Area and Locker Room - a room where the security officers can leave

their personal belongings. It also serves as the Staff‘s Lounge of the security

officers.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

M. Entertainment Area

An entertainment area is a place dedicated to providing entertainment and

amusement to the guests and visitors in terms of video games, electronic activities,

and other related activities.

• Recreational Hall - a room used for recreation and social activities.

• Ticket Booth - the office where tickets of admission are sold.

• Storage / Utility Room - a room or space for the storing of goods or supplies.

• Staff Area and Locker Room - a room where the security officers can leave

their personal belongings. It also serves as the Staff‘s Lounge of the security

officers.

52
 • Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

N. Food Hall / Restaurant

A food hall is a public area providing counters of multiple food vendors and an

area for self-serve dining activity.

O. Clinic

It covers the primary health care needs of the guests, visitors, and employees.

4.1.1.2 Hotel

A. Public Spaces

• Parking Area - a location that is designated for parking vehicles, either paved

or unpaved.

• Lobby - a large accessible area inside the waterpark near the entrance

dedicated for customers lounging and waiting place.

• Reception Desks - table with wide surface over which transactions of and

receiving guests are done.

• Social Lounges - an area where guests can stay, relax, and interact with other

people.

• Hallways - the interior passage or corridor in a building or structures.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

• Stairs - a set of steps leading from one floor of a building to another.

• Elevator - a platform or compartment housed in a shaft for raising and lowering

people or things to different floors or levels.

53
 • Escalator - a moving staircase consisting of an endlessly circulating belt of

steps driven by a motor, conveying people between the floors of a public

building.

• Fire Exit - an access or used to escape in the event of a fire or other emergency

that makes the stairwells inside a building inaccessible.

B. Administration Department

The executive department is responsible to keep all departments within the

business operating at maximum capacity. It can provide systematic support in every

area of a business without any interruption in services.

• Executive Director‘s Office - a room where the administrative director works.

• Clerk Area - an area where the clerks perform their clerical duties.

• Conference Room - a room provided for events such as business meetings

and discussions.

• Files and Storage Room - a room where important files, documents and

supplies are stored.

• Staff‘s Lounge - an area which the executives can stay to relax, rest, and wait.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

C. Finance and Human Resource Department

The finance department produces complete and accurate accounting information

which serves as the foundation for the systematic administration of the financial affairs

of the establishment. The human resource department is concerned with the issues

of managing its employees in the organization. It is responsible for the effective

54
utilization of human resources, training needs of the existing staffs, ensuring a positive

employee welfare and relations as well as a safe working environment.

• Finance and Budget Office- an area where accountants provide financial

information to the management by researching and analyzing accounting data.

It is also an area where financial and risk management audits and independent

statutory financial audits are made.

• Cash and Record Vault - a secured location with proper encryption where

cash, confidential and daily transactions records are stored.

• Human Resource Recruitment Office - a room where the interviews,

meetings and training sessions for the new employees are held.

• Clerk Area - an area where the clerks perform their clerical duties.

• Files and Storage Room - a room where important files, documents and

supplies are stored.

• Staff‘s Lounge - an area which the executives can stay to relax, rest, and wait.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

D. Operation and Management Department

The operation and management department are responsible for the whole

operation and activities of the condominiums.

• Operations Manager‘s Office - a room where the Operation Manager

performs his or her duties.

• Work Area - an area where staffs under this department perform their duties

and responsibilities.

55
 • Utility and Storage Room - a room where important files, documents and

supplies are stored.

• Staff‘s Lounge and Locker Room - a room where the staffs can leave their

personal belongings. It also serves as the resting and relaxing place of the

staffs.

• Clinic - it covers the primary health care needs of the guests, visitors, and

employees.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

E. Security and Control Department

The security department is responsible for patrolling and monitoring all areas in the

establishment. It ensures that all visitors, guests, and employees abide by the rules

and regulations imposed as the same time providing a safe and a secure environment.

• Chief Security Office - a room where the Chief Security Officer works.

• Surveillance Room - a room where the surveillance officer observes and

monitors the behavior and activities of people in the premises by electronic

equipment such as CCTV cameras.

• Security Staff Area and Locker Room - a room where the security officers

can leave their personal belongings. It also serves as the Staff‘s Lounge of the

security officers.

• Containment Room - a room where suspected people arrested in the

premises are being held.

56
• Lost and Found Section - a section dedicated to the temporary storage of lost

items and place where people can claim their valuables.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

F. Engineering and Maintenance Department

The operation and building maintenance department is responsible for the

whole operation and activities of the hotel.

• Chief Engineer‘s Office - a room where the Chief Engineer works.

• Work Area - an area where staffs under this department perform their duties

and responsibilities.

• Engineering Storeroom - a room where variety of items used in engineering

works are stored.

• Electrical Room - a room dedicated to the electrical equipment.

• Mechanical Room - a room dedicated to the mechanical equipment and its

associated electrical equipment used in support and maintenance of the

establishment.

• Water Treatment Plant - a room dedicated to the storing of air handling unit

which consists of fans, heating and cooling coils, air control dampers, filters,

and silencers.

• Air Handling Unit Room - a room dedicated to the storing of air handling unit

which consists of fans, heating and cooling coils, air control dampers, filters,

and silencers.

57
 • Control Room - a room where computer-based control system installed within

the building which controls and monitors the building‘s mechanical and

electrical equipment is place.

• Security and Safety Office - a room where the security and safety personnel

work who is assigned to maintain the safety in the area. It also serves as the

storage of emergency and safety kits.

• Common Toilet - usually referred as comfort room is a room where guests and

employees perform their hygienic needs.

G. Unit Rooms and Commercial Spaces

4.1.2 Staffing Definitions

Staffing requirement refers to the study of the users of the facilities and what

roles and activities they cater. The proponent provided different required departments

by function and purpose because it is the most common and simple method of

organizing an establishment.

The following discussion below will explain the users of each department and

their roles in the shopping center and other institution of the same kind.

4.1.2.1 Shopping Center

A. Executive Department

• Commercial Complex Chief Operating Officer - in-charge in overall

operation of the commercial complex. One who oversees and manages the

leasing (long-term and temporary), negotiation of contracts, staff supervision,

smooth running of the commercial facility and the commercial complex, office

management, tenant and public relations, and operational issues.

58
• Secretary - responsible for administrative and clerical duties and assists with

both daily tasks and long-term projects. He/she schedules appointments,

maintains records, and files reports.

B. Marketing and Sales Department

• Marketing and Sales Director - supervises and controls the sales and

marketing records, transactions, and activities. He or she is responsible for

selling products by implementing sales plans. Also, he/she determines annual

unit and gross-profit plans by implementing marketing strategies and analyzing

trends and results.

• Asst. Marketing Director - supports marketing operations by compiling,

formatting, and reporting information and materials.

• Marketing Officer - develops marketing strategy and study the market trend.

C. Human Resources Department

• Human Resource Director - promotes and implements human resource

values by planning and managing human resources program. He/she manages

human resources operations by recruiting, selecting, orienting, training,

coaching, counseling, and disciplining staff.

• Compensation and Benefit Officer - responsible for reviewing,

benchmarking, and optimizing the compensation and benefit‘s strategies and

provides competitive information on reward packages. He/she also administers

employee insurance, pension and savings plans and works with insurance

brokers and plan carriers.

59
• Payroll Chief - pays employees and compiles payroll information by managing

payroll preparation, completing reports, and maintaining records.

• Labor Relations Officer - helps businesses acquire the best workers for a job

and negotiate salary and other benefits with them.

• Training and Staffing Executive - in-charge for the recruitment of fresh staff

recruitment. He/she develops, implements, and generates performance

metrics and annual reviews. They provide coaching and development

opportunities and addresses performance issues in a timely manner as

appropriate.

• Training and Development Officer - responsible for managing the learning

and professional development of an organization‘s workforce.

D. Accounting and Treasury Department

• Finance Head Officer - assigned to overall control of financial transactions of

the commercial complex. An accounting director supports organization‘s

financial objectives by providing financial analysis and recommendations.

He/she ensures that company assets are safeguarded.

• Accounting Staff - reviews a business‘ financial reports and other documents

to ensure they are accurate; reviews the books of accounts and confirms that

records of expenditures and profits of a business are correct.

• Treasury Officer - collects payment and monitors the cash-in flow.

• Secretary - responsible for administrative and clerical duties and assists with

both daily tasks and long-term projects. He or she schedules appointments,

maintains records, and files reports.

60
• Tax Officer - oversees all tax reporting and ensures compliance with

government regulations.

E. Security and Control Department

• Chief Security Officer - responsible for the entire security function, physical

and digital security requirements. He/she institutes appropriate security

programs.

• Asst. Security Officer - assists in planning and establishing security

procedures for the organization to ensure the overall security and safety.

• Facility Security Officers - helps ensure the day-to-day smooth management

and operation of a building‘s infrastructure through administrative support and,

at times, overseeing maintenance tasks.

• Security Guards

F. Engineering and Maintenance Department

• Service and Maintenance Engineer - responsible for maintaining the overall

operation of the maintenance department and the appearance and working

order of the commercial complex.

• Energy Manager Supervisor - monitors the establishment‘s energy usage.

He/she develops and implements practices and procedures designed to reduce

energy consumption and/or improve efficiency usage.

• Administrator Supervisor - responsible for supervising clerical staff and

participates in their recruitment and selection.

• Preventative Maintenance Supervisor - maintains systems and equipment

by completing preventive maintenance schedules. He/she is responsible for

61
 restoring, repairing, rebuilding, or replacing faulty or inoperative components

and parts.

• Building Operation Manager - in-charge in overall management and day- to-

day operation of the building.

• Equipment / Fixture Personnel - responsible for maintaining and ongoing

provision of building‘s equipment. He/she also keep an up-to-date inventory of

the center‘s equipment.

G. Probable Major Tenants

• Tenants - one who has the occupation or temporary possession of lands or

tenements of another.

4.1.2.2 Hotel

A. Administration Department

• General Manager - the head of hotel. He/she Responsible for achieving

optimal guest satisfaction and a good working environment to attain all set

objectives. To achieve this, the Manager should run the hotel in accordance

with the Standard Operating Procedures and Policies as set out by the

company.

• Resident Manager - responsible for the day-to-day operations of a hotel or

lodging facility, including taking care of customer complaints and taking care of

problems, as well as ensuring all the normal daily activities run smoothly.

• Assistant Manager - responsible for keeping a perfect coordination between

all departments and controlling their operation with regards to the company's

62
 standards, revenues and controlling costs and the highest comfort and

satisfaction for guests.

• Clerk Secretariat - responsible for preparing reports for the managerial and

executive staff and serving as liaison between the clients and company

management.

B. Human Resource Department

• Human Resource Manager - responsible for the overall operation of personnel

departments, as it pertains to the employment function, labor relations, welfare

and social administration, policy and procedure, employee incentive programs,

government regulations, training, and employee orientation.

• Recruiting Manager - support the HR department in recruiting, interviewing,

selection, and staffing ensuring a prominent level of guest satisfaction and

service, compliance with prevailing laws and effective inter-hotel

communications.

• Payroll Manager - complies employees‘ payroll information by managing

payroll preparation; completing report; maintaining records.

• Labor Relation Manager - the one who manages employment conditions and

related issues. This officer aims to encourage employees and employer to work

towards effective organizational practices.

• Hotel Nurse - answers patients‘ questions and determines how to assist them

and records patient symptoms, medical information, and changes condition.

63
C. Accounting Department

• Accounting Supervisor - secures financial operations by monitoring and

approving financial processing, reporting, and auditing, supervising staff.

• Hotel Financial Controller - the one who is responsible for the hotel's

accounting and monetary management requirements; provides the general

manager and unit management team with meaningful and timely information

on the status of the hotel's performance.

• Revenue Controller - in-charge for the supervision of the hotel's revenue.

• General Cashier - accounts for all cash collections in accordance with hotel /

corporate policy and procedure.

D. Maintenance and Security Department

• Chief Maintenance Engineer - responsible for maintaining the overall

operation of the maintenance department and the appearance and working

order of the hotel. The engineer must be able to work independently, as well

as, with others. Responsibilities may include maintaining the exterior of the

building, parking lot, and public areas, driving shuttle van as needed,

maintaining all equipment in guest rooms, conducting monthly safety

inspections, and training the staff on safety and emergency procedures, and

collaborating with vendors.

• Assistant Maintenance Engineer - supports the Chief Engineer in maintaining

overall appearance and working order of the hotel.

• Chief Security Officer - manages the overall security of the hotel.

64
E. Food and Beverage Department

• Food and Beverage Director - the one who is responsible for coordinating all

phases of group meeting/banquet functions held in the hotel. He/she coordinate

these activities daily and assist clients in program planning and menu selection.

• Restaurant Manager - oversee the dining area, supervises food and beverage

services staff in accordance with operating policies that he may help establish

and works with food and beverage staff to ensure proper food presentation and

proper food handling procedure.

• Banquet Manager - responsible for co-coordinating the delivery of all food and

beverage for functions held in the hotel and all details pertaining to functions

being held in all banquet and meeting rooms in keeping with the standards

prescribed by management.

• Executive Chef - train and manage kitchen personnel and supervise all related

culinary activities, estimate food consumption and requisition or purchase food;

select and develop recipes, standardize production recipes to ensure

consistent quality, establish presentation technique and quality standards.

He/she plan and price menus and ensure proper equipment

operation/maintenance and ensure proper safety and sanitation in kitchen.

F. Front Office Department

• Front Manager - involved in controlling the availability of rooms and the day-

to-day functions of the Front Office, such as overseeing guest arrival or

departure and information request.

65
• Front Office Cashier - posts revenue center changes to guest accounts,

receives payments from guest accounts at check-out. Coordinates the billing

or credit card and direct-billed guest account with the accounting division.

• Concierge - provides the guest with information on facilities and services,

events and attractions, tours, travel routes, transportation schedules and

special services.

• Guest Service Agent - represents the hotel the guest throughout all stages of

the guest‘s stay. Determines a guest‘s reservation status and identifies how

long the guest will stay.

• Night Auditor - responsible for the front desk operation during the overnight

shift. Primary responsibilities include registering guests, making reservations,

preparing daily reports, balancing transactions, and conducting security walks.

Night Auditors must be able to work independently and with minimal

supervision. He/ she must also be able to problem solve and troubleshoot to

resolve guest issues that may arise and respond to emergency situations.

• Security - encompasses aspects of both the Night Audit and Front Desk

positions as well as overseeing the safety and security of the hotel and guests

throughout the evening hours. Additional responsibilities include conducting

security walks throughout the hotel property and responding to guest requests

and any noise complaints.

• Valet Parking Attendant - ensures parking services for guest‘s automobile.

G. House Keeping Department

66
 • Executive Housekeeper - directs and controls all housekeeping operations

and the staff of the housekeeping department. He/she must coordinate

between housekeeping crews to inspect assigned areas and ensure standards.

• House Person - the one who performs any combination of a task to maintain

guest rooms, working areas, and hotel premises in general in a clean and

orderly manner.

• Room Attendant - performs routine duties in cleaning and servicing of guest

rooms and baths under supervision of housekeeping supervisor.

• Lobby Attendant - keeps all lobbies and public areas facilities such as lobby

restrooms, telephone area, business center, and front desk, and portico, lobby

lounge in neat and clean conditions.

4.2. Graphical and Spatial Programming

4.2.1. Space Programming

The process of programming involves providing the necessary spaces, defining

connections between spaces, and arranging spaces according to their relationships.

It also describes the activities that will be conducted on the site or property. One of

the initial steps in the development process is this. Although the developer may

collaborate with an architect to produce the program, the developer oversees drafting

the program and making sure that the building is planned to achieve the program's

objectives. A successful program helps to establish how the building are positioned

on a site, the onsite automobile and pedestrian circulation, and interfaces to the

outside world in addition to outlining the activities, space allocations, and

interconnections within the structure.

67
 4.2.1.1 Shopping Center

Public Spaces
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Formal,
Hallways Guests - - - - -
Public, Open
Benches,
Formal, Vending
Atrium Guests 250 1.20 m2 30% 390.00 m2
Public, Open Machines,
Landscapes
Formal,
Stairs Guests - - - - -
Public
Formal,
Elevator Guests 8 - 1.20 m2 - 9.60 m2
Public
Semi-
Guests,
Fire Exits - Formal, - - - -
& Staffs
Public
Common Lavatories,
Informal,
Toilets (Male Guests 13 Water closets, & 2.00 m2 30% 33.80 m2
Hygienic
& Female) Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 433.40 m2

Table 3. Public Spaces Space Programming

68
 Executive Department
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Office Desk,
General
Formal, Chair, File
Manager, & 1 18.50 m2
General Private Cabinet, &
Visitors
Manager’s Lounge Set 30% 37.05 m2
Office Office Desks,
Formal,
Secretaries 2 Chairs, & File 5.00 m2
Private
Cabinets
Office Desk,
Asst. Manager, Formal,
1 Chair, & File 16.50 m2
Assistant & Visitor Private
Cabinet
Manager’s 30% 27.95 m2
Office Desk,
Office Formal,
Secretary 1 Chair, & File 5.00 m2
Private
Cabinet
Board of
Directors,
Conference
Conference Department Formal,
15 Table, Chairs, 2.40 m2 30% 46.80 m2
Room Heads, & Private
& Projectors
General
Manager
Files &
Informal,
Storage Staffs 2 File Cabinets 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Private
Room
Semi-
Staff’s Staffs, &
5 Formal, Lounge Set 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Lounge Visitors
Open
Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 5 Water closets, 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Facilities Hygienic
& Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 143.00 m2

Table 4. Executive Department Space Programming

69
 Marketing and Sales Department
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Sales and Office Desk,
Marketing Formal, Chair, File
Sales and 1 9.50 m2
Director, & Private Cabinet, &
Marketing
Visitors Lounge Set 30% 18.20 m2
Director’s
Office Desk,
Office Formal,
Secretary 1 Chairs, & File 4.50 m2
Private
Cabinet

Semi- Office Desks,

Clerk Area Clerks 4 Formal, Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 23.40 m2
Open Cabinet

Files &
Informal,
Storage Staffs 2 File Cabinets 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Private
Room
Semi-
Staff’s Staffs, &
5 Formal, Lounge Set 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Lounge Visitors
Open
Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 3 Water closets, 2.00 m2 30% 7.80 m2
Facilities Hygienic
& Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 67.60 m2

Table 5. Marketing and Sales Department Space Programming

70
 Human Resource Department
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Human Office Desk,
Resource Formal, Chair, File
Human 1 9.50 m2
Director, & Private Cabinet, &
Resource
Visitors Lounge Set 30% 18.20 m2
Director’s
Office Desk,
Office Formal,
Secretary 1 Chairs, & File 4.50 m2
Private
Cabinet
Training
Training, and Office Desks,
Officer, Formal,
Recruitment 20 Chairs, & File 2.00 m2 30% 52.00 m2
Staffs, & Private
Area Cabinets
Trainee
Asst.
Semi- Office Desks,
Director,
Clerk Area 5 Formal, Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 29.25 m2
Clerks, &
Open Cabinets
Staffs
Payroll Office Desk,
Formal,
Chief, & 1 Chairs, & File 8.00 m2
Private
Payroll Chief Staffs Cabinet
30% 16.25 m2
Office Office Desk,
Formal,
Secretary 1 Chairs, & File 4.50 m2
Private
Cabinet
Files &
Informal,
Storage Staffs 2 File Cabinets 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Private
Room
Semi-
Staffs, &
Staff’s Lounge 10 Formal, Lounge Set 2.00 m2 30% 26.00 m2
Visitors
Open
Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 5 Water closets, 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Facilities Hygienic
& Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 159.85 m2

Table 6. Human Resource Department Space Programming

71
 Accounting and Treasury Department
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Office Desk,
Accounting
Formal, Chair, File
Director, & 1 9.50 m2
Accounting Private Cabinet, &
Visitors
Director’s Lounge Set 30% 18.20 m2
Office Office Desk,
Formal,
Secretary 1 Chair, & File 4.50 m2
Private
Cabinet

Semi- Office Desks,

Accounting
Accountants 5 Formal, Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 29.25 m2
Work Area
Open Cabinets

Semi- Office Desks,

Auditing
Staffs 5 Formal, Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 29.25 m2
Work Area
Open Cabinets

Supply and Informal, Storage

Staffs 2 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Storeroom Private Cabinets

Cash and
Informal, File Cabinets,
Record Staffs 2 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Private & Safe Vaults
Vault

Semi-
Staff’s Staffs, &
5 Formal, Lounge Set 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Lounge Visitors
Open

Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 5 Water closets, 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Facilities Hygienic
& Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 113.10 m2

Table 7. Accounting and Treasury Department Space Programming

72
 Security and Control Department
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Office Desk,
Chief
Formal, Chair, File
Security, & 1 9.50 m2
Chief Private Cabinet, &
Visitors
Security’s Lounge Set 30% 18.20 m2
Office Office Desk,
Formal,
Secretary 1 Chair, & File 4.50 m2
Private
Cabinet

Semi- Office Desks,

Surveillance Surveillance
5 Formal, Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 29.25 m2
Room Officer
Private Cabinets

Security Staff Semi- Benches,

Security
Area and 20 Formal, Tables, & 2.00 m2 30% 52.00 m2
Officers
Locker Room Private Lockers

Semi-
Containment Tables, &
Staffs 2 Formal, 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Room Chairs
Private

Lost and Semi-

Tables, Chairs,
Found Staffs 2 Formal, 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
& Cabinets
Section Private

Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 5 Water closets, 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Facilities Hygienic
& Urinals

SUBTOTAL: 122.85 m2

Table 8. Security and Control Department Space Programming

73
 Engineering and Maintenance Department
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Office Desk,
Chief
Formal, Chair, File
Engineer, & 1 9.50 m2
Chief Private Cabinet, &
Visitors
Engineer’s Lounge Set 30% 18.20 m2
Office Office Desk,
Formal,
Secretary 1 Chair, & File 4.50 m2
Private
Cabinet

Supervisor, Semi- Office Desks,

Work Area Engineers, & 10 Formal, Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 58.50 m2
Staffs Open Cabinet

Engineering Informal,
Staffs 2 File Cabinets 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Storeroom Private

Informal, Electrical
Electrical Engineers, &
2 Private, Control 4.50 m2 30% 11.70 m2
Room Staffs
Open Systems

Informal,
Mechanical Engineers, Mechanical
2 Private, 20.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Room Staffs Equipment
Open

Sewage
Sewage Informal,
Engineers, & Treatment
Treatment 2 Private, 60.00 m2 30% 156.00 m2
Staffs Plan
Plant Open
Equipment

Informal,
Air Handling Engineers, & Air Handling
2 Private, 1.50 m2 30% 3.90 m2
Unit Room Staffs Unit
Open

Informal,
Control Engineers, & Control
5 Private, 10.00 m2 30% 65.00 m2
Room Staffs System
Open

Security and Semi-

Office Desks,
Security and Safety Formal,
3 Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 17.55 m2
Safety Office Officers, & Private,
Cabinets
Staffs Open

Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 5 Water closets, 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Facilities Hygienic
& Urinals

SUBTOTAL: 354.25 m2

Table 9. Engineering and Maintenance Department Space Programming

74
 Service Area
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Delivery Staffs, & Informal, Tables, &
5 10.00 m2 30% 65.00 m2
Room Suppliers Open chairs
Loading Staffs, & Informal,
3 Trucks 36.00 m2 30% 140.40 m2
Docks Suppliers Open
Storage Informal, Storage
Staffs 2 7.50 m2 30% 19.5 m2
Room Private Cabinets
Disposal Informal,
- - - 15.00 m2 30% 19.5 m2
Area Open
Material
Maintenance Informal,
Recovery 2 - 7.50 m2 30% 19.5 m2
Staffs Open
Facility
SUBTOTAL: 263.90 m2

Table 10. Service Area Space Programming

75
 Supermarket
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Formal, Shelves, &
Groceries Customers - 2850.75 m2 30% 3705.98 m2
Open Freezers
Office Desks,
Administration Formal,
Staffs 2 Chairs, & File 9.50 m2 30% 24.70 m2
Office Private
Cabinets
Staff Semi- Benches,
Area and Staffs 30 Formal, Tables, & 2.00 m2 30% 78.00 m2
Locker Room Open Lockers
Customer Staffs, & Formal, Desks, &
2 9.50 m2 30% 24.70 m2
Service Customers Public Chairs
Formal,
Cashier Staffs 8 Tables 4.50 m2 30% 46.80 m2
Open
Baggage Open,
Staffs - Tables 4.50 m2 30% 5.85 m2
Counter Private
Cart and Open,
- - - 4.50 m2 30% 5.85 m2
Basket rack Public
Staffs, & Formal, Shelves, &
Pharmacy 5 15.75 m2 30% 102.38 m2
Customers Open Counter
Semi-
Food Stalls Tenants - Formal, - 50.75 m2 30% 65.98 m2
Open
124.63 m2
Informal, Storage (3% of
Storage Room Staffs 2 30% 324.04 m2
Open Cabinets the Store
Area)
Open, Tables, &
Dining Area Customers 50 1.25 m2 30% 81.25 m2
Public Chairs
Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 5 Water closets, 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Facilities Hygienic
& Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 4,478.53 m2

Table 11. Supermarket Space Programming

76
 Department Store
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Shelves, Racks,
Formal, Cabinets,
Merchandise Customers - 2970 m2 30% 3861.00 m2
Open Tables, Chairs,
& Mannequins
Office Desks,
Administration Formal,
Staffs 2 Chairs, & File 9.50 m2 30% 24.70 m2
Office Private
Cabinets
Staff Semi- Benches,
Area and Staffs 30 Formal, Tables, & 2.00 m2 30% 78.00 m2
Locker Room Open Lockers
Customer Staffs, & Formal, Desks, &
2 9.50 m2 30% 24.7 m2
Service Customers Public Chairs
Formal,
Cashier Staffs 8 Tables 4.50 m2 30% 46.80 m2
Open
Gift Wrapping Staffs, & Formal,
2 Tables 4.50 m2 30% 11.70 m2
Section Customers Open
121.80 m2
Stock Informal, Storage (3% of
Staffs 2 30% 316.68 m2
Room Open Cabinets the Store
Area)
Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 5 Water closets, & 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Facilities Hygienic
Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 4,376.58 m2

Table 12. Department Store Space Programming

77
 Cinema
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Semi-Formal,
Lobby Guests 20 Lounge Set 2.00 m2 30% 52.00 m2
Open
Semi-
Formal,
Theater Auditorium
Guests 300 Acoustically 1.20 m2 30% 468.00 m2
Auditorium Seats
Convenient,
Open
Desks,
Formal,
Ticket Chairs,
Staffs 8 Open, 1.50 m2 30% 15.60 m2
Booth Computers, &
Private
Cabinets
Desks,
Projection Formal,
Staffs 2 Chairs, & 2.50 m2 30% 6.50 m2
Room Private
Projectors
Staff
Semi- Benches,
Area and
Staffs 20 Formal, Tables, & 2.00 m2 30% 52.00 m2
Locker
Open Lockers
Room
Storage /
Informal, Storage
Utility Staffs 2 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Private Cabinets
Room
Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Guests 13 Water closets, & 2.00 m2 30% 33.80 m2
Facilities Hygienic
Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 633.10 m2

Table 13. Cinema Space Programming

78
 Entertainment Area
Name of No. of Qualitative Furniture, Fixture, Space Circulation Approximate
Users
Space Users Analysis and Equipment Parameters Allowance Area
Semi-
Gaming Hall Guests 50 Formal, Gaming Machines 75.00 m2 30% 4875.00 m2
Open
Bowling Lanes,
Semi-
Recreational Billiard Tables,
Guests 50 Formal, 75.00 m2 30% 4875.00 m2
Hall Dart Boards,
Open
Tables, & Chairs
Semi-
Lobby Guests 20 Formal, Lounge Set 2.00 m2 30% 52.00 m2
Open
Desks,
Formal,
Chairs,
Ticket Booth Staffs 8 Open, 1.50 m2 30% 15.60 m2
Computers, &
Private
Cabinets
Staff
Semi- Benches,
Area and
Staffs 20 Formal, Tables, & 2.00 m2 30% 52.00 m2
Locker
Open Lockers
Room
Storage /
Informal,
Utility Staffs 2 Storage Cabinets 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Private
Room
Toilets Informal, Lavatories, Water
Guests 13 2.00 m2 30% 33.80 m2
Facilities Hygienic closets, & Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 9,908.10 m2

Table 14. Entertainment Area Space Programming

79
 Food Hall / Restaurant
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Food
Stalls w/
Semi- Refrigerator,
Kitchen
Staffs 12 Formal, Range, Kitchen 15.00 m2 30% 234.00 m2
and
Private Sink, & Cabinets
Service
Counter
Open,
Dining Guests,
150 Public, Tables, & Chairs 1.50 m2 30% 292.50 m2
Area & Staffs
Hygienic
Tables, Drinking
Open,
Service Fountain, Vending
Staffs 8 Public, 2.00 m2 30% 260.00 m2
Area Machines, & Trash
Hygienic
Cans
Toilets Informal, Lavatories, Water
Guests 13 2.00 m2 30% 33.80 m2
Facilities Hygienic closets, & Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 820.30 m2

Table 15. Food Hall / Restaurant Space Programming

Clinic
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Reception Guests, Formal,
5 Desks, & Chairs 1.20 m2 30% 7.80 m2
Area & Staffs Private
Formal,
First Aid Guests, Beds, Desks, &
5 Private, 6.00 m2 30% 39.00 m2
Room & Staffs Chairs
Hygienic
Formal,
Lactation
Guests 3 Private, Beds, & Chairs 2.00 m2 30% 7.80 m2
Room
Hygienic
Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 3 Water closets, & 2.00 m2 30% 7.80 m2
Facilities Hygienic
Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 62.40 m2

Table 16. Clinic Space Programming

80
 4.2.1.2 Hotel

Public Spaces
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Formal,
Lobby Guests 150 Open, - 1.20 m2 30% 234.00 m2
Public
Reception
Reception Guests, Formal,
8 Desks, Chairs, 1.50 m2 30% 15.60 m2
Desks & Staffs Open
& Cabinets
Semi-
Guest’s
Guests 20 Formal, Lounge Set 2.00 m2 30% 52.00 m2
Lounge
Open
Formal,
Hallways Guests - - - - -
Public, Open
Formal,
Stairs Guests - - - - -
Public
Formal,
Elevator Guests 8 - 1.20 m2 - 9.60 m2
Public
Semi-
Guests
Fire Exits - Formal, - - - -
& Staffs
Public
Common Lavatories,
Informal,
Toilets (Male Guests 13 Water closets, 2.00 m2 30% 33.80 m2
Hygienic
& Female) & Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 345.00 m2

Table 17. Public Spaces Space Programming

81
 Administration Department
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Office Desk,
Director & Formal, Chair, File
1 9.50 m2
Visitors Private Cabinet, &
Director’s
Lounge Set 30% 18.20 m2
Office
Office Desk,
Formal,
Secretary 1 Chair, & File 4.50 m2
Private
Cabinet
Semi- Office Desks,
Clerk Area Clerks 2 Formal, Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 11.70 m2
Open Cabinet
Board of
Directors,
Conference
Conference Department Formal,
10 Table, Chairs, 2.40 m2 30% 31.20 m2
Room Heads, & Private
& Projectors
General
Manager
Files &
Informal,
Storage Staffs 2 File Cabinets 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Private
Room
Semi-
Staff’s Staffs &
5 Formal, Lounge Set 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Lounge Visitors
Open
Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 5 Water closets, 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Facilities Hygienic
& Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 92.30 m2

Table 18. Administration Department Space Programming

82
 Finance and Human Resource Department
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Semi- Office Desks,
Finance and
Staffs 5 Formal, Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 29.25 m2
Budget Office
Open Cabinets
Cash and Informal, File Cabinets,
Staffs 2 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Record Vault Private & Safe Vaults
Human Training
Office Desks,
Resource Officer, Formal,
5 Chairs, & File 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Recruitment Staffs, Private
Cabinets
Office Trainee
Asst.
Semi- Office Desks,
Director,
Clerk Area 5 Formal, Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 29.25 m2
Clerks,
Open Cabinets
Staffs
Files & Informal,
Staffs 2 File Cabinets 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Storage Room Private
Semi-
Staffs &
Staff’s Lounge 10 Formal, Lounge Set 2.00 m2 30% 26.00 m2
Visitors
Open
Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 5 Water closets, 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Facilities Hygienic
& Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 120.90 m2

Table 19. Finance and Human Resource Department Space Programming

83
 Operations and Management Department
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Office Desk,
Operation
Formal, Chair, File
Manager & 1 9.50 m2
Operation Private Cabinet, &
Visitors
Manager’s Lounge Set 30% 18.20 m2
Office Office Desk,
Formal,
Secretary 1 Chair, & File 4.50 m2
Private
Cabinet

Semi- Office Desks,

Technicians,
Work Area 20 Formal, Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 117.00 m2
& Staffs
Open Cabinet

Files and Informal, Storage

Staffs 2 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Storage Room Private Cabinets

Doctor, Semi-
Beds, Desks,
Clinic Nurse, 10 Formal, 6.00 m2 30% 78.00 m2
& Chairs
Patients Private

Housekeeping Semi- Benches,

Area and Staffs 30 Formal, Tables, & 2.00 m2 30% 78.00 m2
Locker Room Open Lockers

Utility and Informal, Storage

Staffs 2 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Storage Room Private Cabinets

Lavatories,
Toilets Informal, Water
Staffs 5 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Facilities Hygienic closets, &
Urinals
SUBTOTAL: 314.60 m2

Table 20. Operations and Management Department Space Programming

84
 Security and Control Department
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Office Desk,
Chief
Formal, Chair, File
Security & 1 9.50 m2
Chief Private Cabinet, &
Visitors
Security’s Lounge Set 30% 18.20 m2
Office Office Desk,
Formal,
Secretary 1 Chair, & File 4.50 m2
Private
Cabinet

Semi- Office Desks,

Surveillance Surveillance
5 Formal, Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 29.25 m2
Room Officer
Private Cabinets

Security Staff Semi- Benches,

Security
Area and 20 Formal, Tables, & 2.00 m2 30% 52.00 m2
Officers
Locker Room Private Lockers

Semi-
Containment Tables, &
Staffs 2 Formal, 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Room Chairs
Private

Lost and Semi-

Tables, Chairs,
Found Staffs 2 Formal, 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
& Cabinets
Section Private

Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 5 Water closets, 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Facilities Hygienic
& Urinals

SUBTOTAL: 122.85 m2

Table 21. Security and Control Department Space Programming

85
 Engineering and Maintenance Department
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Office Desk,
Chief
Formal, Chair, File
Engineer & 1 9.50 m2
Chief Private Cabinet, &
Visitors
Engineer’s Lounge Set 30% 18.20 m2
Office Office Desk,
Formal,
Secretary 1 Chair, & File 4.50 m2
Private
Cabinet

Supervisors, Semi- Office Desks,

Work Area Engineers, & 10 Formal, Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 58.50 m2
Staffs Open Cabinet

Engineering Informal,
Staffs 2 File Cabinets 2.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Storeroom Private

Informal, Electrical
Electrical Engineers,
2 Private, Control 4.50 m2 30% 11.70 m2
Room Staffs
Open Systems

Informal,
Mechanical Engineers, Mechanical
2 Private, 20.00 m2 30% 5.20 m2
Room Staffs Equipment
Open

Sewage
Sewage Informal,
Engineers, Treatment
Treatment 2 Private, 60.00 m2 30% 156.00 m2
Staffs Plan
Plant Open
Equipment

Informal,
Air Handling Engineers, & Air Handling
2 Private, 1.50 m2 30% 3.90 m2
Unit Room Staffs Unit
Open

Informal,
Control Engineers, Control
5 Private, 10.00 m2 30% 65.00 m2
Room Staffs System
Open

Security and Semi-

Office Desks,
Security and Safety 3 Formal,
Chairs, & File 4.50 m2 30% 17.55 m2
Safety Office Officers, & Private,
Cabinets
Staffs Open

Lavatories,
Toilets Informal,
Staffs 5 Water closets, 2.00 m2 30% 13.00 m2
Facilities Hygienic
& Urinals

SUBTOTAL: 354.25 m2

Table 22. Engineering and Maintenance Department Space Programming

86
 Unit Type / Commercial Space
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Bed, Sofa, Table,
Deluxe Formal,
Tenants 15 Chairs, Cabinets, 40.00 m2 30% 780.00 m2
Room Private
& Fixture
Bed, Sofa, Table,
Premier Formal,
Tenants 15 Chairs, Cabinets, 40.00 m2 30% 780.00 m2
Room Private
& Fixture
Bed, Sofa, Table,
Grand Formal,
Tenants 15 Chairs, Cabinets, 40.00 m2 30% 780.00 m2
Room Private
& Fixture
Bed, Sofa, Table,
Family Formal,
Tenants 15 Chairs, Cabinets, 71.00 m2 30% 1384.50 m2
Room Private
& Fixture
Bed, Sofa, Table,
Formal,
Junior Suite Tenants 15 Chairs, Cabinets, 50.00 m2 30% 975.00 m2
Private
& Fixture
SUBTOTAL: 4,699.50 m2

Table 23. Unit Type / Commercial Space Programming

87
 Total Gross Floor Area
Name of Space Approx. Area
Public Spaces 433.40 m2
Executive Department 143.00 m2
Marketing and Sales Department 67.60 m2
Human Resource Department 159.85 m2
Accounting and Treasury Department 113.10 m2
Engineering and Maintenance Department 354.25 m2
Security and Control Department 122.85 m2
Service Area 263.90 m2
Supermarket 4,478.53 m2
Department Store 4,376.58 m2
Cinema 633.10 m2
Entertainment Area 9,908.10 m2
Food Hall / Restaurant 820.30 m2
Clinic 62.40 m2
Public Spaces 345.00 m2
Administration Department 92.30 m2
Finance and Human Resource Department 120.90 m2
Operation and Management Department 314.60 m2
Engineering and Maintenance Department 354.25 m2
Security and Control Department 122.85 m2
Unit Type / Commercial Space 4,699.50 m2
TOTAL : 28,257.21 m2
Table 22. Total Gross Floor Area

88
 Parking Space
Furniture,
Name of No. of Qualitative Space Circulation Approximate
Users Fixture, and
Space Users Analysis Parameters Allowance Area
Equipment
Parking
Space Customers, Open,
200 - 15.39 m2 - 3078.00 m2
(Shopping & Staffs Public
Center)
Parking
Tenants, & Open,
Space 50 - 15.39 m2 - 769.50 m2
Staffs Public
(Hotel)
SUBTOTAL: 3,847.50 m2

Table 23. Parking Space Programming

4.2.2. Bubble Diagram

4.2.2.1 Shopping Center

Conference
Room

General Assistant
Manager’s Manager’s
Office Office

Staff’s
Lounge
Files and
Toilet
Storage
Facilities
Room

Figure 17. Executive Department Bubble Diagram

89
 Sales and
Marketing Files and
Clerk Area
Director’s Storage
Office Room

Staff’s Toilet

Lounge Facilities

Figure 18. Sales and Marketing Department Bubble Diagram

Human
Resource
Director’s
Office
Training and Payroll
Recruitment Chief
Area Office

Clerk Area

Files and
Toilet
Storage
Facilities
Room

Staff’s
Lounge

Figure 19. Human Resource Department Bubble Diagram

90
 Cash and Supply
Record and
Vault Accounting Storeroom
Accounting Work Area
Director’s
Office

Auditing
Work Area
Staff’s
Toilet Lounge
Facilities

Figure 20. Accounting and Treasury Department Bubble Diagram

Chief
Security’s
Office

Containment Surveillance

Room Room

Security
Staff
Area and
Locker Lost and
Toilet
Found
Facilities
Section

Figure 21. Security and Control Department Bubble Diagram

91
 Electrical
Engineering Room
Chief Storeroom
Engineer’s Mechanical
Office Room

Control
Room
Work Area
Sewage
Treatment
Plant
Security
and Safety
Toilet
Office
Facilities Air
Handling
Unit Room

Figure 22. Engineering and Maintenance Department Bubble Diagram

Disposal
Area

Storage
Delivery
Room Room
Material
Recovery
Facility

Loading
Docks

Figure 23. Service Area Bubble Diagram

92
 Receiving
Area

Storage Drinks /
Room Beverages
Toilets Staff Section
Facilities Area and
Locker Meat Seafood
Section Section Packaged
Administration Goods
Office
Frozen Dairy Imported
Products Products Goods

Household
Hardware
Produce Personal Cleaning
Section Care Supplies
Supplies
Basket /
Cart Area
Basket /
Cashier
Cart Area

Baggage Counter Customer

Pharmacy
Dining Service
Area

Food
Stalls

Figure 24. Supermarket Bubble Diagram

93
 Receiving
Area

Stock
Electronics
Room
Toilets Section Home
Staff
Facilities Essentials
Area and
Locker Shoes
Toys
Section
Administration Section Kid’s
Office Wear
Customer
Service Cashier
Bag
Gift
Section
Wrapping
Section Cashier Men’s
Wear
Personal
Care
Ladies’ Fitting
Supplies
Wear Room

Fitting
Room

Figure 25. Department Bubble Diagram

94
 Toilet
Facilities

Theatre Auditorium

Toilet Staff Area

Facilities and
Projection Locker Room
Room

Utility and
Ticket
Storage
Booth
Room
Lobby

Figure 26. Cinema Bubble Diagram

Staff Area
and
Utility and
Locker Room
Storage
Toilet
Room
Facilities

Ticket
Booth

Recreational
Hall
Gaming Facility

Lobby

Figure 27. Entertainment Area Bubble Diagram

95
 Delivery
Area

Kitchen

Service
Storage
Area
Room

Toilet
Counter Facilities

Dining
Area

Figure 28. Food Hall / Restaurant Bubble Diagram

Toilets
Facilities

Lactation First Aid

Room Room

Reception
Area

Figure 29. Clinic Bubble Diagram

96
 4.2.2.2 Hotel

Files and
Storage
Room
Conference
Room

General
Clerk
Manager’s
Area
Office

Staff’s
Lounge
Toilet
Facilities

Figure 30. Administration Department Bubble Diagram

Cash and
Record
Vault
Files and
Storage Finance

Room and Budget

Office
Clerk Area

Human
Resource Toilet
Recruitment Facilities
Office
Staff’s
Lounge

Figure 31. Finance and Human Resource Department Bubble Diagram

97
 Operation
Manager’s
Office

Housekeeping Clinic
Area and
Locker Room

Work Area

Utility and
Storage Files and
Toilet
room Storage
Facilities Room

Figure 32. Operations and Management Department Bubble Diagram

Chief
Security’s
Office

Containment Surveillance

Room Room

Security
Staff
Area and
Locker Lost and
Toilet
Found
Facilities
Section

Figure 33. Security and Control Department Bubble Diagram

98
 Electrical
Engineering Room
Chief Storeroom
Engineer’s Mechanical
Office Room

Control
Room
Work Area
Sewage
Treatment
Plant
Security
and Safety
Toilet
Office
Facilities Air
Handling
Unit Room

Figure 34. Engineering and Maintenance Department Bubble Diagram

4.2.3. Matrix Diagram

4.2.3.2 Shopping Center

General Manager’s Office Accessible

Assistant Manager’s Office Semi-accessible

Conference Room
Not Accessible
Files & Storage Room

Staff’s Lounge
Toilets Facilities

Figure 35. Executive Department Matrix Diagram

99
Sales and Marketing Director’s Office Accessible

Clerk Area Semi-accessible

Files & Storage Room
Not Accessible
Staff’s Lounge

Toilets Facilities

Figure 36. Marketing and Sales Department Matrix Diagram

Human Resource Director’s Office Accessible

Training, and Recruitment Area Semi-accessible

Clerk Area
Not Accessible
Payroll Chief Office

Files & Storage Room

Staff’s Lounge

Toilets Facilities

Figure 37. Human Resource Department Matrix Diagram

Accounting Director’s Office Accessible

Accounting Work Area Semi-accessible

Auditing Work Area
Not Accessible
Supply and Storeroom

Cash and Record Vault

Staff’s Lounge

Toilets Facilities

Figure 38. Accounting and Treasury Department Matrix Diagram

100
Chief Security’s Office Accessible

Surveillance Room Semi-accessible

Security Staff Area and Locker Room
Not Accessible
Containment Room

Lost and Found Section

Toilets Facilities

Figure 39. Security and Control Department Matrix Diagram

Chief Engineer’s Office Accessible

Work Area Semi-

Engineering Storeroom accessible
Electrical Room Not
Mechanical Room Accessible
Sewage Treatment Plant

Air Handling Unit Room

Control Room

Security and Safety Office

Toilets Facilities

Figure 40. Engineering and Maintenance Department Matrix Diagram

Delivery Room Accessible

Loading Docks Semi-accessible

Storage Room
Not Accessible
Disposal Area

Material Recovery Facility

Figure 41. Service Area Department Matrix Diagram

101
Administration Office

Staff Area and Locker Room

Storage Room

Receiving Area

Customer Service

Pharmacy

Cashier

Baggage Counter

Cart and Basket rack

Groceries

Food Stalls

Dining Area

Toilets Facilities

Figure 42. Supermarket Matrix Diagram

Administration Office

Staff Area and Locker Room

Stock Room

Receiving Area

Customer Service

Gift Wrapping Section

Cashier

Merchandise

Fitting Room

Toilets Facilities

Figure 43. Department Store Matrix Diagram

102
Lobby Accessible

Theater Auditorium Semi-accessible

Ticket Booth
Not Accessible
Projection Room

Staff Area and Locker Room

Storage / Utility Room

Toilets Facilities

Figure 44. Cinema Matrix Diagram

Lobby Accessible

Gaming Hall Semi-accessible

Recreational Hall
Not Accessible
Ticket Booth

Staff Area and Locker Room

Storage and Utility Room

Toilets Facilities

Figure 45. Entertainment Area Matrix Diagram

Counter Accessible

Kitchen Semi-accessible
Storage Room
Not Accessible
Delivery Area

Dining Area

Service Area

Toilets Facilities

Figure 46. Food Hall / Restaurant Matrix Diagram

103
Reception Area Accessible

First Aid Room Semi-accessible

Lactation Room
Not Accessible
Toilets Facilities

Figure 47. Clinic Matrix Diagram

Director’s Office Accessible

Clerk Area Semi-accessible

Conference Room
Not Accessible
Files & Storage Room

Staff’s Lounge

Toilets Facilities

Figure 48. Administration Department Matrix Diagram

Finance and Budget Office Accessible

Cash and Record Vault Semi-

Human Resource Recruitment Office accessible

Clerk Area Not

Files & Storage Room Accessible

Staff’s Lounge

Toilets Facilities

Figure 49. Finance and Human Resource Department Matrix Diagram

104
Operation Manager’s Office Accessible

Work Area Semi-

Files and Storage Room accessible
Housekeeping Area and Locker Room Not
Utility and Storage Room Accessible
Clinic

Toilets Facilities

Figure 50. Operations and Management Department Matrix Diagram

Chief Security’s Office Accessible

Surveillance Room Semi-accessible

Security Staff Area and Locker Room
Not Accessible
Containment Room

Lost and Found Section

Toilets Facilities

Figure 51. Security and Control Department Matrix Diagram

Chief Engineer’s Office Accessible

Work Area Semi-

Engineering Storeroom accessible
Electrical Room Not
Mechanical Room Accessible
Sewage Treatment Plant

Air Handling Unit Room

Control Room

Security and Safety Office

Toilets Facilities

Figure 52. Engineering and Maintenance Department Matrix Diagram

105