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Preparation of Papers for IEEE TRANSACTIONS

and JOURNALS (April 2013)
First A. Author, Fellow, IEEE, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author, Jr., Member, IEEE

top of your Word window (for example, the style at this point
Abstract—These instructions give you guidelines for preparing in the document is “Text”). Highlight a section that you want
papers for IEEE Transactions and Journals. Use this document to designate with a certain style, then select the appropriate
as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. name on the style menu. The style will adjust your fonts and
Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The electronic
file of your paper will be formatted further at IEEE. Paper titles
line spacing. Do not change the font sizes or line spacing to
should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all squeeze more text into a limited number of pages. Use italics
uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the for emphasis; do not underline.
title; short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd– To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the
Fe–B"). Do not write “(Invited)” in the title. Full names of insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or
authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste
Put a space between authors’ initials. Define all symbols used in
the abstract. Do not cite references in the abstract. Do not delete Special | Picture (with “float over text” unchecked).
the blank line immediately above the abstract; it sets the footnote IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your
at the bottom of this column. paper is intended for a conference, please observe the
conference page limits.
Index Terms—Enter key words or phrases in alphabetical
order, separated by commas. For a list of suggested keywords, A. Abbreviations and Acronyms
send a blank e-mail to keywords@[Link] or visit Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
[Link] used in the text, even after they have already been defined in
the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not
have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods
I. INTRODUCTION should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.”

T HIS DOCUMENT is a template for Microsoft Word

versions 6.0 or later. If you are reading a paper or PDF
version of this document, please download the electronic file,
Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are
unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).

[Link], from the IEEE Web site at

B. Other Recommendations
[Link] so
you can use it to prepare your manuscript. If you would prefer Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex
to use LATEX, download IEEE’s LATEX style and sample modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling
files from the same Web page. Use these LATEX files for participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential was calculated.”
formatting, but please follow the instructions in TRANS- [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write instead, “The
[Link] or [Link]. potential was calculated by using (1),” or “Using (1), we
If your paper is intended for a conference, please contact calculated the potential.”
your conference editor concerning acceptable word processor Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
formats for your particular conference. “cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm  0.2
cm,” not “0.1  0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is
[Link] FOR MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION “s,” not “sec.” Use “Wb/m2” or “webers per square meter,”
not “webers/m2.” When expressing a range of values, write “7
When you open [Link], select “Page Layout”
to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
from the “View” menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout),
A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
(these instructions assume MS 6.0. Some versions may have
punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
alternate ways to access the same functionalities noted here).
parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.)
Then, type over sections of [Link] or cut and
In American English, periods and commas are within
paste from another document and use markup styles. The pull-
quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is
down style menu is at the left of the Formatting Toolbar at the

This paragraph of the first footnote will contain the date on which you submitted your paper for review. It will also contain support information, including
sponsor and financial support acknowledgment. For example, “This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456”.
The next few paragraphs should contain the authors’ current affiliations, including current address and e-mail. For example, F. A. Author is with the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA (e-mail: author@ [Link]).
S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He is now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
80523 USA (e-mail: author@[Link]).
T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research Institute
for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@[Link]).
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“outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not” units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in data storage.
instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and For example, write “15 Gb/cm 2 (100 Gb/in2).” An exception is
C” instead of “A, B and C.” when English units are used as identifiers in trade, such as
If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or “3½-in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such
plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This
observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”). often leads to confusion because equations do not balance
Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state the
English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to units for each quantity in an equation.
carefully proofread your paper. The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However,
if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux
density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ 0H. Use
[Link] to Create a PostScript File
the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m2.”
First, download a PostScript printer driver from
[Link] (for V. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
Windows) or from [Link]
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for
[Link] (for Macintosh) and install the “Generic
the permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter
PostScript Printer” definition. In Word, paste your figure into
“o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the
a new document. Print to a file using the PostScript printer
adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or
driver. File names should be of the form “[Link].” Use Open
“remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” A
Type fonts when creating your figures, if possible. A listing of
graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The word
the acceptable fonts are as follows: Open Type Fonts: Times
“alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” (unless
Roman, Helvetica, Helvetica Narrow, Courier, Symbol,
you really mean something that alternates). Use the word
Palatino, Avant Garde, Bookman, Zapf Chancery, Zapf
“whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring to
Dingbats, and New Century Schoolbook.
simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to
mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word
III. MATH
“issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When compositions
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation are not specified, separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for
Editor or the MathType add-on ([Link] example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound
for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over text” composition NixMn1-x.
should not be selected. Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
A. Equations “affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun),
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in “complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,”
parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use the “principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle”
equation editor to create the equation. Then select the (e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply”
“Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the and “infer.”
equation number in parentheses. To make your equations more Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and “ultra”
compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or are not independent words; they should be joined to the words
appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no period
in denominators. Punctuate equations when they are part of a after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it is also
sentence, as in italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” and the
abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these abbreviations
r2 are not italicized).
∫0 F (r , ϕ) dr dϕ=[σr 2 ¿ (2 μ0 )] A general IEEE styleguide is available at
∞ [Link]
⋅∫ 0 exp(− λ|z j −z i| ) λ−1 J 1 ( λ r 2 ) J 0 ( λ r i ) dλ .
(1)

Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined

before the equation appears or immediately following.
Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the
unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),”
except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ... .”

IV. UNITS
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are
strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary
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TABLE I
UNITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Conversion from Gaussian and
Symbol Quantity
CGS EMU to SI a
 magnetic flux 1 Mx  108 Wb = 108 V·s
B magnetic flux density, 1 G  104 T = 104 Wb/m2
magnetic induction
H magnetic field strength 1 Oe  103/(4) A/m
m magnetic moment 1 erg/G = 1 emu
 103 A·m2 = 103 J/T
M magnetization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
 103 A/m
4M magnetization 1 G  103/(4) A/m
 specific magnetization 1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g  1 A·m2/kg
j magnetic dipole 1 erg/G = 1 emu
moment  4  1010 Wb·m
J magnetic polarization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
 4  104 T
,  susceptibility 1  4
 mass susceptibility 1 cm3/g  4  103 m3/kg
Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that “Fig.” is  permeability 1  4  107 H/m
abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two = 4  107 Wb/(A·m)
spaces. It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the r relative permeability   r
caption. w, W energy density 1 erg/cm3  101 J/m3
N, D demagnetizing factor 1  1/(4)
Vertical lines are optional in tables. Statements that serve as captions for
the entire table do not need footnote letters.
VI. GUIDELINES FOR GRAPHICS PREPARATION a
Gaussian units are the same as cg emu for magnetostatics; Mx =
AND SUBMISSION maxwell, G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T =
tesla, m = meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.
A. Types of Graphics
The following list outlines the different types of graphics
published in IEEE journals. They are categorized based on in one of the following programs you will be able to submit
their construction, and use of color / shades of gray: the graphics without converting to a PS, EPS, TIFF, PDF, or
PNG file: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, or
1) Color/Grayscale figures Microsoft Excel. When submitting your final paper, your
Figures that are meant to appear in color, or shades of graphics should all be submitted individually in one of these
black/gray. Such figures may include photographs, formats along with the manuscript.
illustrations, multicolor graphs, and flowcharts.
[Link] of Graphics
2) Lineart figures
Figures that are composed of only black lines and shapes. Most charts, graphs, and tables are one column wide (3.5
These figures should have no shades or half-tones of gray. inches / 88 millimeters / 21 picas) or page wide (7.16 inches /
Only black and white. 181 millimeters / 43 picas). The maximum depth a graphic can
3) Author photos be is 8.5 inches (216 millimeters / 54 picas). When choosing
Head and shoulders shots of authors which appear at the the depth of a graphic, please allow space for a caption.
end of our papers. Figures can be sized between column and page widths if the
4) Tables author chooses, however it is recommended that figures are
Data charts which are typically black and white, but not sized less than column width unless when necessary.
sometimes include color. There is currently one publication with column
measurements that don’t coincide with those listed above.
B. Multipart figures PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE has a column measurement of
Figures compiled of more than one sub-figure presented 3.25 inches (82.5 millimeters / 19.5 picas).
side-by-side, or stacked. If a multipart figure is made up of The final printed size of author photographs is exactly
multiple figure types (one part is lineart, and another is 1 inch wide by 1.25 inches tall (25 millimeters x 38
grayscale or color) the figure should meet the stricter millimeters / 6 picas x 7.5 picas). Author photos printed in
guidelines. editorials measure 1.59 inches wide by 2 inches tall (40
millimeters x 50 millimeters / 9.5 picas x 12 picas).
[Link] Formats For Graphics
Format and save your graphics using a suitable graphics E. Resolution
processing program that will allow you to create the images as The proper resolution of your figures will depend on the
PostScript (PS), Encapsulated PostScript (.EPS), Tagged type of figure it is as defined in the “Types of Figures”
Image File Format (.TIFF), Portable Document Format section. Author photographs, color, and grayscale figures
(.PDF), or Portable Network Graphics (.PNG) sizes them, and should be at least 300dpi. Lineart, including tables should be a
adjusts the resolution settings. If you created your source files minimum of 600dpi.
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F. Vector Art J. File Naming

While IEEE does accept vector artwork, it is our Figures (line artwork or photographs) should be named
policy is to rasterize all figures for publication. This is done starting with the first 5 letters of the author’s last name. The
in order to preserve the figures’ integrity across multiple next characters in the filename should be the number that
computer platforms. represents the sequential location of this image in your article.
For example, in author “Anderson’s” paper, the first three
figures would be named [Link], [Link], and [Link].
G. Color Space
Tables should contain only the body of the table (not the
The term color space refers to the entire sum of colors that caption) and should be named similarly to figures, except that
can be represented within the said medium. For our purposes, ‘.t’ is inserted in-between the author’s name and the table
the three main color spaces are Grayscale, RGB number. For example, author Anderson’s first three tables
(red/green/blue) and CMYK (cyan/magenta/yellow/black). would be named [Link], [Link], [Link].
RGB is generally used with on-screen graphics, whereas Author photographs should be named using the first five
CMYK is used for printing purposes. characters of the pictured author’s last name. For example,
All color figures should be generated in RGB or CMYK four author photographs for a paper may be named: [Link],
color space. Grayscale images should be submitted in [Link], [Link], and [Link].
Grayscale color space. Line art may be provided in grayscale If two authors or more have the same last name, their first
OR bitmap colorspace. Note that “bitmap colorspace” and initial(s) can be substituted for the fifth, fourth, third... letters
“bitmap file format” are not the same thing. When bitmap of their surname until the degree where there is differentiation.
color space is selected, .TIF/.TIFF is the recommended file For example, two authors Michael and Monica Oppenheimer’s
format. photos would be named [Link], and [Link].

[Link] Fonts Within Figures K. Referencing a Figure or Table Within Your Paper
When preparing your graphics IEEE suggests that you use When referencing your figures and tables within your paper,
of one of the following Open Type fonts: Times New Roman, use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a
Helvetica, Arial, Cambria, and Symbol. If you are supplying sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables should be
EPS, PS, or PDF files all fonts must be embedded. Some fonts numbered with Roman Numerals.
may only be native to your operating system; without the fonts
embedded, parts of the graphic may be distorted or missing. L. Checking Your Figures: The IEEE Graphics Checker
A safe option when finalizing your figures is to strip out the The IEEE Graphics Checker Tool enables authors to pre-
fonts before you save the files, creating “outline” type. This screen their graphics for compliance with IEEE Transactions
converts fonts to artwork what will appear uniformly on any and Journals standards before submission. The online tool,
screen. located at [Link] allows authors to upload
their graphics in order to check that each file is the correct file
format, resolution, size and colorspace; that no fonts are
I. Using Labels Within Figures
missing or corrupt; that figures are not compiled in layers or
1) Figure Axis labels have transparency, and that they are named according to the
Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use words IEEE Transactions and Journals naming convention. At the
rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity end of this automated process, authors are provided with a
“Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put detailed report on each graphic within the web applet, as well
units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in as by email.
Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or For more information on using the Graphics Checker Tool
“Magnetization (A¿ m1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes or any other graphics related topic, contact the IEEE Graphics
with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write Help Desk by e-mail at graphics@[Link].
“Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”
Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write M. Submitting Your Graphics
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (10 3 A/m).” Do
Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper,
not write “Magnetization (A/m)  1000” because the reader
you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and
would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant
bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions,
16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible,
and tables can be placed at the end of your paper. In addition
approximately 8 to 10 point type.
to, or even in lieu of submitting figures within your final
manuscript, figures should be submitted individually, separate
2) Subfigure Labels in Multipart Figures and Tables
from the manuscript in one of the file formats listed above in
Multipart figures should be combined and labeled before
section VI-J. Place figure captions below the figures; place
final submission. Labels should appear centered below each
table titles above the tables. Please do not include captions as
subfigure in 8 point Times New Roman font in the format of
part of the figures, or put them in “text boxes” linked to the
(a) (b) (c).
figures. Also, do not place borders around the outside of your
figures.
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When referencing a patent, provide the day and the month of

issue, or application. References may not include all
N. Color Processing / Printing in IEEE Journals
information; please obtain and include relevant information.
All IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters allow an author Do not combine references. There must be only one reference
to publish color figures on IEEE Xplore® at no charge, and with each number. If there is a URL included with the print
automatically convert them to grayscale for print versions. In
reference, it can be included at the end of the reference.
most journals, figures and tables may alternatively be printed
Other than books, capitalize only the first word in a paper
in color if an author chooses to do so. Please note that this
title, except for proper nouns and element symbols. For papers
service comes at an extra expense to the author. If you intend
to have print color graphics, include a note with your final published in translation journals, please give the English
paper indicating which figures or tables you would like to be citation first, followed by the original foreign-language
handled that way, and stating that you are willing to pay the citation See the end of this document for formats and
additional fee. examples of common references. For a complete discussion of
references and their formats, see “The IEEE Style Manual,”
available as a PDF link off the Author Digital Toolbox main
VII. CONCLUSION page.

A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion A. Footnotes

may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert |
abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on Footnote).1 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the
the importance of the work or suggest applications and column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the
extensions. reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see
Table I).
APPENDIX
Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.
[Link] YOUR PAPER FOR REVIEW
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
A. Review Stage Using Word 6.0 or Higher
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in If you want to submit your file with one column
American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the electronically, please do the following:
singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments. --First, click on the View menu and choose Print Layout.
Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to --Second, place your cursor in the first paragraph. Go to
thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .” In most the Format menu, choose Columns, choose one column
cases, sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are Layout, and choose “apply to whole document” from the
placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page, not here. dropdown menu.
--Third, click and drag the right margin bar to just over 4
REFERENCES AND FOOTNOTES inches in width.
A. References The graphics will stay in the “second” column, but you can
References need not be cited in text. When they are, number drag them to the first column. Make the graphic wider to push
citations on the line, in square brackets inside the punctuation. out any text that may try to fill in next to the graphic.
Multiple references are each numbered with separate brackets. B. Final Stage Using Word 6.0
When citing a section in a book, please give the relevant page When you submit your final version (after your paper has
numbers. In text, refer simply to the reference number. Do not been accepted), print it in two-column format, including
use “Ref.” or “reference” except at the beginning of a figures and tables. You must also send your final manuscript
sentence: “Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use on a disk, via e-mail, or through a Web manuscript submission
automatic endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at system as directed by the society contact. You may use Zip for
the end of the paper using the “References” style. large files, or compress files using Compress, Pkzip, Stuffit, or
Reference numbers are set flush left and form a column of Gzip.
their own, hanging out beyond the body of the reference. The Also, send a sheet of paper or PDF with complete contact
reference numbers are on the line, enclosed in square brackets. information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses,
In all references, the given name of the author or editor is telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. This
abbreviated to the initial only and precedes the last name. Use information will be used to send each author a complimentary
them all; use et al. only if names are not given. Use commas copy of the journal in which the paper appears. In addition,
around Jr., Sr., and III in names. Abbreviate conference titles. designate one author as the “corresponding author.” This is the
When citing IEEE transactions, provide the issue number, author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent. Proofs are
page range, volume number, year, and/or month if available. sent to the corresponding author only.
1
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the footnote
information into the text.
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[Link] Stage Using ScholarOne® Manuscripts IX. EDITORIAL POLICY

Contributions to the Transactions, Journals, and Letters Submission of a manuscript is not required for participation
may be submitted electronically on IEEE’s on-line manuscript in a conference. Do not submit a reworked version of a paper
submission and peer-review system, ScholarOne ® you have submitted or published elsewhere. Do not publish
Manuscripts. You can get a listing of the publications that “preliminary” data or results. The submitting author is
participate in ScholarOne at responsible for obtaining agreement of all coauthors and any
[Link] consent required from sponsors before submitting a paper. The
rs/authors_submission.html First check if you have an existing IEEE Transactions and Journals Department strongly
account. If there is none, please create a new account. After discourages courtesy authorship. It is the obligation of the
logging in, go to your Author Center and click “Submit First
authors to cite relevant prior work.
Draft of a New Manuscript.”
The IEEE Transactions and Journals Department does not
Along with other information, you will be asked to select
publish conference records or proceedings. The department
the subject from a pull-down list. Depending on the journal,
there are various steps to the submission process; you must does publish papers related to conferences that have been
complete all steps for a complete submission. At the end of recommended for publication on the basis of peer review. As a
each step you must click “Save and Continue”; just uploading matter of convenience and service to the technical community,
the paper is not sufficient. After the last step, you should see a these topical papers are typically collected and published in
confirmation that the submission is complete. You should also one special issue of most transactions publications.
receive an e-mail confirmation. For inquiries regarding the At least two reviews are required for every paper submitted.
submission of your paper on ScholarOne Manuscripts, please For conference-related papers, the decision to accept or reject
contact oprs-support@[Link] or call +1 732 465 5861. a paper is made by the conference editors and publications
ScholarOne Manuscripts will accept files for review in committee; the recommendations of the referees are advisory
various formats. Please check the guidelines of the specific only. Indecipherable English is a valid reason for rejection.
journal for which you plan to submit. There is a service available that will help you improve your
You will be asked to file an electronic copyright form English for a fee, and the link to that service can be found at
immediately upon completing the submission process (authors [Link]
are responsible for obtaining any security clearances). Failure Authors of rejected papers may revise and resubmit them as
to submit the electronic copyright could result in publishing regular papers, whereupon they will be reviewed by two new
delays later. You will also have the opportunity to designate referees.
your article as “open access” if you agree to pay the IEEE
open access fee.
[Link] PRINCIPLES
[Link] Stage Using ScholarOne Manuscripts The two types of contents of that are published are; 1) peer-
Upon acceptance, you will receive an email with specific reviewed and 2) archival. The Transactions and Journals
instructions regarding the submission of your final files. To Department publishes scholarly articles of archival value as
avoid any delays in publication, please be sure to follow these well as tutorial expositions and critical reviews of classical
instructions. Most journals require that final submissions be subjects and topics of current interest.
uploaded through ScholarOne Manuscripts, although some Authors should consider the following points:
may still accept final submissions via email. Final 1) Technical papers submitted for publication must advance
submissions should include source files of your accepted the state of knowledge and must cite relevant prior work.
manuscript, high quality graphic files, and a formatted pdf file. 2) The length of a submitted paper should be commensurate
If you have any questions regarding the final submission with the importance, or appropriate to the complexity, of
process, please contact the administrative contact for the the work. For example, an obvious extension of
journal.
previously published work might not be appropriate for
In addition to this, upload a file with complete contact
publication or might be adequately treated in just a few
information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses,
pages.
telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses.
Designate the author who submitted the manuscript on 3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the
ScholarOne Manuscripts as the “corresponding author.” This editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper; the
is the only author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent. standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or
unexpected results are reported.
4) Because replication is required for scientific progress,
papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient
E. Copyright Form information to allow readers to perform similar
An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final experiments or calculations and use the reported results.
submission. You can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at Although not everything need be disclosed, a paper must
[Link] Authors are responsible for contain new, useable, and fully described information. For
obtaining any security clearances. example, a specimen’s chemical composition need not be
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reported if the main purpose of a paper is to introduce a 21(3), pp. 876–880. Available:
[Link]
new measurement technique. Authors should expect to be
challenged by reviewers if the results are not supported by
adequate data and critical details. Basic format for papers presented at conferences (when
5) Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the latest available online):
[19] Author. (year, month). Title. Presented at Conference title. [Type
technical achievement, which are suitable for presentation of Medium]. Available: site/path/file
at a professional conference, may not be appropriate for Example:
publication. [20] PROCESS Corp., MA. Intranets: Internet technologies deployed
behind the firewall for corporate productivity. Presented at
INET96 Annual Meeting. [Online]. Available:
[Link]
REFERENCES
Basic format for reports and handbooks (when available
Basic format for books:
[1] J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of His Published online):
Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, Country if not [21] Author. (year, month). Title. Comp an y . C ity, State or
[2] USA: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx. Country. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file
Examples: Example:
[3] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics, [22] S . L . T a l l e e n . ( 1 9 9 6 , A p r . ) . T h e I n t r a n e t A r chi-
2nd ed., vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, te c tu r e : M a n a g i n g i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h e n e w paradigm.
pp. 15–64. Amdahl Corp., CA. [Online]. Available:
[4] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA: [Link]
Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.
Basic format for computer programs and electronic documents
(when available online): ISO recommends that capitalization
Basic format for periodicals:
[5] J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. follow the accepted practice for the language or script in
x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year. which the information is given.
Examples: Example:
[6] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment [23] A. Harriman. (1993, June). Compendium of genealogical
of feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, no. 1, pp. 34– software. Humanist. [Online]. Available e-mail:
39, Jan. 1959. HUMANIST@[Link] Message: get GENEALOGY REPORT
[7] E. P. Wigner, “Theory of traveling-wave optical laser,” Phys. Rev.,
vol. 134, pp. A635–A646, Dec. 1965. Basic format for patents (when available online):
[8] E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas [24] Name of the invention, by inventor’s name. (year, month day). Patent
Propagat., to be published. Number [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
Example:
Basic format for reports: [25] Musical toothbrush with adjustable neck and mirror, by L.M.R. Brooks.
[9] J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., (1992, May 19). Patent D 326 189
Abbrev. State, Rep. xxx, year. [Online]. Available: NEXIS Library: LEXPAT File: DESIGN
Examples:
[10] E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the Basic format for conference proceedings (published):
earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, Tech. Rep.
[26] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of
TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1988.
Conf., Abbrev. State (if given), year, pp. xxxxxx.
[11] J. H. Davis and J. R. Cogdell, “Calibration program for the 16-foot
antenna,” Elect. Eng. Res. Lab., Univ. Texas, Austin, Tech. Memo. Example:
NGL-006-69-3, Nov. 15, 1987. [27] D. B. Payne and J. R. Stern, “Wavelength-switched pas- sively coupled
single-mode optical network,” in Proc. IOOC-ECOC, 1985,
pp. 585–590.
Basic format for handbooks: Example for papers presented at conferences (unpublished):
[12] Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co.,
[28] D. Ebehard and E. Voges, “Digital single sideband detection for
Abbrev. State, year, pp. xxx-xxx.
interferometric sensors,” presented at the 2nd Int. Conf. Optical Fiber
Examples: Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany, Jan. 2-5, 1984.
[13] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric
Co., Winston-Salem, NC, 1985, pp. 44–60. Basic format for patents:
[14] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor [29] J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month,
Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, 1989. day, year.
Example:
Basic format for books (when available online): [30] G. Brandli and M. Dick, “Alternating current fed power supply,”
[15] Author. (year, month day). Title. (edition) [Type of medium]. U.S. Patent 4 084 217, Nov. 4, 1978.
volume (issue). Available: site/path/file
Example: Basic format for theses (M.S.) and dissertations (Ph.D.):
[16] J. Jones. (1991, May 10). Networks. (2nd ed.) [Online]. Available: [31] J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev.
[Link] Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
[32] J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept.,
Basic format for journals (when available online): Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
[17] Author. (year, month). Title. Journal. [Type of medium]. volume Examples:
(issue), pages. Available: site/path/file [33] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect.
Example: Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, 1993.
[18] R. J. Vidmar. (1992, Aug.). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as
electromagnetic reflectors. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. [Online].
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[34] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium Second B. Author was born in
nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka,
Greenwich Village, New York City, in
Japan, 1993.
1977. He received the B.S. and M.S.
Basic format for the most common types of unpublished degrees in aerospace engineering from the
references: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in
[35] J. K. Author, private communication, Abbrev. Month, year. 2001 and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical
[36] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” unpublished. engineering from Drexel University,
[37] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” to be published. Philadelphia, PA, in 2008.
Examples: From 2001 to 2004, he was a Research Assistant with the
[38] A. Harrison, private communication, May 1995.
[39] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Since 2009, he has been
[40] A. Brahms, “Representation error for real numbers in binary computer an Assistant Professor with the Mechanical Engineering
arithmetic,” IEEE Computer Group Repository, Paper R-67-85. Department, Texas A&M University, College Station. He is
the author of three books, more than 150 articles, and more
Basic format for standards: than 70 inventions. His research interests include high-
[41] Title of Standard, Standard number, date. pressure and high-density nonthermal plasma discharge
Examples: processes and applications, microscale plasma discharges,
[42] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
[43] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.
discharges in liquids, spectroscopic diagnostics, plasma
propulsion, and innovation plasma applications. He is an
Associate Editor of the journal Earth, Moon, Planets, and
First A. Author (M’76–SM’81–F’87) holds two patents.
and the other authors may include Mr. Author was a recipient of the International Association
biographies at the end of regular papers. of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Young Scientist Award for
Biographies are often not included in Excellence in 2008, the IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility
conference-related papers. This author Society Best Symposium Paper Award in 2011, and the
became a Member (M) of IEEE in 1976, a American Geophysical Union Outstanding Student Paper
Senior Member (SM) in 1981, and a Award in Fall 2005.
Fellow (F) in 1987. The first paragraph
may contain a place and/or date of birth
(list place, then date). Next, the author’s educational
background is listed. The degrees should be listed with type of
degree in what field, which institution, city, state, and country,
and year the degree was earned. The author’s major field of
study should be lower-cased. Third C. Author, Jr. (M’87) received
The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or the B.S. degree in mechanical
she) and not the author’s last name. It lists military and work engineering from National Chung Cheng
experience, including summer and fellowship jobs. Job titles University, Chiayi, Taiwan, in 2004 and
are capitalized. The current job must have a location; previous the M.S. degree in mechanical
positions may be listed without one. Information concerning engineering from National Tsing Hua
previous publications may be included. Try not to list more University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 2006.
than three books or published articles. The format for listing He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree
publishers of a book within the biography is: title of book in mechanical engineering at Texas
(city, state: publisher name, year) similar to a reference. A&M University, College Station.
Current and previous research interests end the paragraph. From 2008 to 2009, he was a Research Assistant with the
The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Tapei, Taiwan. His
name (e.g., Dr. Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). research interest includes the development of surface
List any memberships in professional societies other than the processing and biological/medical treatment techniques using
IEEE. Finally, list any awards and work for IEEE committees nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasmas, fundamental study
and publications. If a photograph is provided, the biography of plasma sources, and fabrication of micro- or nanostructured
will be indented around it. The photograph is placed at the top surfaces.
left of the biography, and should be of good quality, Mr. Author’s awards and honors include the Frew
professional-looking, and black and white (see above Fellowship (Australian Academy of Science), the I. I. Rabi
example). Personal hobbies will be deleted from the Prize (APS), the European Frequency and Time Forum
biography. Following are two examples of an author’s Award, the Carl Zeiss Research Award, the William F.
biography. Meggers Award and the Adolph Lomb Medal (OSA).
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