Introduction to Phonics
Contents
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Introduction What is phonics? Pure sounds
Segmenting and
Tricky words Phase 2-5 sounds
blending
Phase 2-5 tricky
Ways to practise
words
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Introduction
I will explain what phonics is.
g when
I will then move through the phases, the sounds in
each phase and give you an example of how I teach
the children in my class.
I will show you how to blend for reading and
segment for writing, and show you the words this
doesn't work with.
Finally we will finish with some examples of teaching
and links to phonics practice.
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What is phonics?
Phonics is the way we teach
children to read and write at
BIST. It is a system used
across the UK.
The children progress
through different phases,
learning more sounds.
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Sounds
Children are taught the sound that a letter or a
group of letters make when used in words.
There are 44 different sounds.
These sounds are not the same as
the letter names.
e.g. the children would learn
that the letter ‘s’ usually makes
the sound ‘ssssss’.
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Phase 2
The first 17 sounds (phonemes) - some are represented by different graphemes eg
‘c’, ‘k’ and ‘ck’ all make the same sound.
Children are introduced to digraphs - two letters that make one sound.
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Phase 3
A further 25 phonemes.
Children are introduced to trigraphs - three letters
that make one sound e.g. ‘igh’.
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Phase 4
No new sounds, instead children are introduced to consonant blends
(when two or more consonants appear next to each other in a word.
These can be difficult to hear and say.
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Phase 4
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Phase 5
Some additional graphemes, including split digraphs.
The children are introduced to alternative ways of pronouncing graphemes (e.g. ‘ay’ and ‘ey’ can
make the same sound) and of spelling phonemes (e.g. the ‘fffff’ sound can be spelt ‘f’ or ‘ph’).
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Segmenting and
blending
Segmenting is when a word is broken up into its sounds
e.g. the sounds in ‘ship’ are sh-i-p.
Children need to develop this skill
verbally before they will be able to
segment words to spell them.
Blending is when the sounds in a word are
merged together. Children use this to
help them read a new word.
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Tricky words
There are some words in English that
cannot be easily sounded out using phonics.
They are often words that we use regularly
with complex or unusual spelling patterns.
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Phase 2
I
no
the
to
go
into
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Phase 3
he are
she her
we was
me all
be they
you my
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Phase 4
said little
have one
like were
so there
do what
some when
come out
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Phase 5
oh
Mr
Mrs
looked
there
asked
people
could
called
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Ways to practise
In this video, Ms. Katie demonstrates using sand
to practise segmenting and blending.
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Ways to practise
In this video, a Year 2 child practises using robot
arms to segment and blend a word.
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Ways to practise
In this video, a Year 2 uses segmenting and
blending to read a sentence.
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Links
Phonics games
Phonics play
Topmarks
Youtube
Alphablocks
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THANK YOU
