Head, Face & Neck Name of Muscle Epicranius frontalis Actions Elevates eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead Origin Galea aponeurotica Insertion Skin of eyebrows and nose Epicranius occipitalis Draws scalp posteriorly, fixes aponeurosis Occipital bone, mastoid process Galea aponeurotica Orbicularis oris Closes lips, compresses lips against | Muscle fibers surrounding ‘Skin at corner of teeth, protrudes lips, shapes lips | opening of mouth mouth during speech, “kissing muscle” ‘Zygomaticus Draws angle of mouth superiorly and | Zygomatic bone ‘Skin and muscle at laterally (smiling) ‘corner of mouth Buccinator Presses cheeks against teeth and lips | Molar region of maxilla and Orbicularis oris| (whistling, blowing, sucking), draws | mandible corner of mouth laterally, keeps food between teeth Platysma Draws outer part of lower lip, Fascia over deltoid and Lower margin of inferiorly and posteriorly (pouting), depresses mandible pectoralis major mandible, skin and muscle around angle ‘of mouth Orbicularis oris Closes eye Frontal and maxilary bones, | Tissue of upper ligaments around orbit eyelid Levator palpabrae | Opens eye Roof of orbit ‘Skin of upper eyelid superioris Masseter Elevates mandible ‘Zygomatic bone and arch ‘Angle and ramus of mandible Temporalis| Elevates and retracts mandible ‘Temporal, frontal and parietal | Coronoid process of bones (temporal fossa) mandible Stemocleidomastoid | Together: flex cervical vertebrae and | Manubrium of sternum and Mastoid process and heads singly: laterally flex and rotate | medial part of clavicle occipital bone head (superior nuchal ine) Splenius Together: extend head, singly: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous | Occipital bone, laterally flex and rotate head processes of C7-T6 mastoid process, transverse processes of C2-C4 Rectus abdominis Flexes vertebral column, compresses ‘abdomen, stabilizes pelvis Pubic crest and symphysis Costal cartilage of 57% ribs, xiphoid process External oblique Together: compress abdomen, flex | Outer surface of inferior 8 ribs | Linea alba, iliac crest, vertebral column; singly: laterally flex pubic crest Internal oblique and rotate vertebral column ‘Together: compress abdomen, flex vertebral column; singly: laterally flex and rotate vertebral column liac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia Linea alba, pubic crest, cartilage of last few ribs Breathing Transversus ‘Compress abdomen liac crest, inguinal ligament, | Linea alba, pubic abdominis lumbar fascia, cartilages of crest inferior 6 ribs Diaphragm Inspiration | Inferior internal surface of Central tendon ribcage and sternum, costal cartilages of inferior 6 ribs, lumbar vertebrae External intercostals Elevate ribs during inspiration Inferior border of rib above Superior border of rib below Internal intercostals Draw ribs together during forced expiration ‘Superior border of rib below Inferior border of rib above Thorax & Back Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Flexes arm (PM), adducts arm, medially rotates arm Draws scapula forward and downward when ribs fixed, elevates 3°-5" ribs during forced expiration when scapula is fixed Clavicle, sternum cartilages of first 6 or 7 ribs, aponeurosis of external oblique 3°59 ribs Greater tubercle of humerus Coracoid process of scapula Serratus anterior Holds scapula against chest wall, rotates scapula, important to stabilize shoulder for arm movements (pushing, punching) Superior 8 or 9 ribs ‘Anterior surface of vertebral border of scapulaDeltoid ‘Abducts arm (PM), anterior fibers flex | Clavicle, acromion and spine of and medially rotate arm, posterior scapula fibers extend and laterally rotate arm Deltoid tuberosity of humerus brevis joint carpals Trapezius Stabilize scapula, superior fibers ‘Superior nuchal line of occipital | Clavicle, acromion elevate scapula and extend head, _ bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spine of scapula « middle fibers adduct scapula, inferior | spines of C7 and all thoracic § fibers depress scapula vertebrae & |Latissimus dorsi | Extends arm (PM), adducts arm, Spines of inferior 6 thoracic | Intertubercular = medially rotates arm, draws arm vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae | groove of humerus s inferiorly and posteriorly (via thoracolumbar fascia), iliac 38 crest, inferior 3-4 ribs, inferior & angle of scapula Infraspinatus Laterally rotates arm, stabilizes Infraspinous fossa of scapula | Greater tubercle shoulder Teres minor Laterally rotates arm, stabilizes Lateral border of posterior Greater tubercle shoulder surface of scapula Teres major Extends arm, adducts arm, medially Inferior angle of scapula on Lesser tubercle on rotates arm | posterior surface anterior humerus Biceps brachii Flexes forearm, supinates forearm, Tubercle above glenoid cavity | Radial tuberosity flexes arm (long head), coracoid process (short head) Brachialis Flexes forearm Distal anterior surface of Coronoid process of 2 humerus ulna, capsule of 2 elbow joint SS [rriceps brachit Extends forearm (PM) Projection inferior to glenoid | Olecranon process 8 cavity (long head), posterior & surface of humerus (lateral and medial heads) Brachioracialis Flexes forearm, stabilizes elbow Lateral border of distal end of _ | Base of styloid humerus process of radius Pronator teres Pronates forearm, weakly flexes Medial epicondyle, coronoid | Midlateral surface of forearm process radius Flexor carpi radialis | Flexes hand, abducts hand Medial epicondyle Base of 2 and 37 metacarpal Paimaris longus Weakly flexes hand Medial epicondyle Deep fascia of palm Flexor carpi ulnaris | Flexes hand, adducts hand, stabilizes | Medial epicondyle, olecranon _| Some carpals, base wrist process and posterior surface of | of 5® metacarpal ulna Flexor digitorum | Flexes middle phalanx of each finger | Medial epicondyle, coronaid | Middle phalanges of superficialis at proximal interphalangeal joint, process, anterior surface of | each finger flexes proximal phalanx of each finger | radius ‘at metacarpophalangeal joint, flexes rand 8 | Extensor carpi | Evtends Rand, abducts hand Lateral supracondylar ridge of | Base of second Si | radialis humerus. metacarpal § | Extensor digitorum [Extends fingers (PM), extends hand _| Lateral epicondyle Distal and middie &§ phalanges of each finger Extensor carpi ulnaris | Extends hand, adducts hand Lateral epicondyle, posterior | Base of 5 border of ulna metacarpal ‘Abductor pollicis | Abducts thumb at carpometacarpal | Deep fascia of palm, some Lateral side of proximal phalanx of ‘thumb Flexor policis brevis Flexes thumb at carpometacarpal and | Deep fascia of palm, some metacarpophalangeal joint carpals Lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumbGluteus maximus Extends thigh, laterally rotates thigh, abducts thigh llium, sacrum, coccyx, aponeurosis of sacrospinalis Tiotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur Gluteus medius ‘Abducts thigh, medially rotates thigh, | Lateral surface of ilium Greater trochanter stabilizes pelvis Rectus femoris Extends leg, flexes thigh ‘Anterior inferior iliac spine Patella via quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament longus lateral condyle of tibia Vastus lateralis Extends leg Greater trochanter, Patella via quadriceps intertrochanteric line, linea tendon to tibial aspera tuberosity via patellar 2 ligament. & Vastus medialis Extends leg Intertrochanteric line, linea Patella via quadriceps > aspera tendon to tibial g tuberosity via patellar s§ ligament. & | Gracilis ‘Adducts thigh, flexes leg Pubic bone, ischial ramus Medial surface of ~ tibia § | Adductors ‘Adducts thigh, flexes thigh, medially | Pubic bone, ischial tuberosity __| Linea aspera of femur 7 rotates thigh and ramus and inferior portions a of femur Pectineus Flexes thigh, adducts thigh Superior ramus of pubis Femur between lesser trochanter and linea aspera Tiopsoas Flexes thigh/trunk (PM), psoas Wiac fossa, T12 and lumbar Lesser trochanter portion also does lateral flexion of |_vertebrae vertebral column Sartorius Flexes leg, flexes thigh, abducts ‘Anterior superior iliac spine Medial surface of thigh, laterally rotates thigh tibia Tensor fasciae latae | Flexes thigh, abducts thigh, medially liac crest Tiotibial tract rotates thigh Biceps femoris Flexes leg, extends thigh ischial tuberosity (long head), | Head of fibula, lateral linea aspera of femur (short _| condyle of tibia | head) Semitendinosus Flexes leg, extends thigh Ischial tuberosity Proximal part of medial surface of a | — _ _ | tibia _ | Semimembranosus | Flexes leg, extends thigh ischial tuberosity Medial condyle of _ tibia § |Tibialis anterior Dorsifiexes foot (PM), inverts foot | Lateral condyle of tibia and First metatarsal, one 5. _ — - interosseous membrane {tarsal ' | Extensor digitorum | Dorsiflexes foot, Extends toes (PM) __ Lateral condyle of tibia, anterior | Middle and distal % | longus at metatarsophalangeal joint surface of fibula, interosseous —_| phalanges of toes 2- 8 membrane 5 & | Fibularis (Peroneus) | Plantar flexes Foot, everts foot Head and lateral side of fibula, | Passes under foot to first metatarsal and one tarsal Gastrocnemius Plantarflexes foot, flexes leg Lateral and medial condyles of | Calcaneus femur ‘Soleus Plantarflexes foot Superior tibia fibula and Calcaneus interosseous membranePactoralis major Sorratus anterior Biceps brachil Rectus abdominis Linea alba a Flexors of wrist Extensors of wrist and fingers: and fingers External abdominal oblique ‘Adductors. 7 of thigh A A — Tensor fasciae latae Retinaculum canons Vastus lateralis Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Patella Patellar tendon Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum Gastrocnemius longus Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis, Figure 10-1 General overview of the body musculature. Anterior view.Stemnocleidomastoid ‘Splenius capitis Seventh cervical vertebra Trapezius Dettoi Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major External abdominal Extensors of the wrist and fingers Gluteus maximus Semitendinosus ‘Adductor magnus Gracilis, Hamstring Biceps femoris group ‘Semimembranosus Hliotibial tract Gastrocnemius Calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis Figure 10-2 General overview of the body musculature. Posterior view.view showing the deeper muscles of the back Figure 10-11 Muscles of the back. Posterior