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1-4 - Patterns and Regularities

The document discusses several patterns and regularities in nature including symmetry, fractals, and spirals. Symmetry refers to harmonious proportions that are invariant under transformations like reflection or rotation, seen in snowflakes and animal bodies. Fractals are geometric shapes where parts have the same statistical character as the whole, useful in modeling structures with recurring patterns at different scales. Spirals like logarithmic spirals are self-similar curves found in plants, shells, galaxies, and typhoons.

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103 views7 pages

1-4 - Patterns and Regularities

The document discusses several patterns and regularities in nature including symmetry, fractals, and spirals. Symmetry refers to harmonious proportions that are invariant under transformations like reflection or rotation, seen in snowflakes and animal bodies. Fractals are geometric shapes where parts have the same statistical character as the whole, useful in modeling structures with recurring patterns at different scales. Spirals like logarithmic spirals are self-similar curves found in plants, shells, galaxies, and typhoons.

Uploaded by

rogingred
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PATTERNS AND

REGULARITIES

Reference: Mathematics in the modern world by w. s. sirug 2018


SYMMETRY
➢A sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion of
balance or an object is invariant to any of various
transformations (reflection, rotation or scaling).
➢Among non-living things, snowflakes have six-fold
symmetry; each flake’s structure forms a record of
the varying conditions during its crystallization, with
nearly same pattern of growth on each of its six
arms.
Reference: Mathematics in the Modern World by [Link] 2018
SYMMETRY
➢Two main types: Bilateral and Radial
➢Bilateral symmetry – the left and right sides of the
organism can be divided into approximately mirror
image of each other along the midline.
➢Radial symmetry or rotational symmetry – a type
of symmetry around a fixed point known as the
center and it can be classified as either cyclic or
dihedral.
Reference: Mathematics in the Modern World by [Link] 2018
EXAMPLES: SYMMETRY

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FRACTALS
➢A curve or geometric figure, each part of which has the
same statistical character as the whole.
➢One of the newest and most exciting branches of
mathematics.
➢A class of highly irregular shapes that are related to
continents, coastlines, and snowflakes.
➢Useful in modeling structures in which similar patterns recur
at progressively smaller scales, and in describing partly
random or chaotic phenomena such as crystal growth, fluid
turbulence, and galaxy formation.

Reference: Mathematics in the Modern World by [Link] 2018


EXAMPLES: FRACTALS

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SPIRALS
➢Logarithmic spiral (growth spiral) – a self-similar spiral curve which
often appears in nature.
➢More evident in plants.
➢We also see spirals in typhoon, whirlpool, galaxy, tail of chameleon,
and shell among others.

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Reference: Mathematics in the Modern World by [Link] 2018


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