Microfluidics and its Applications

Micro Fluidics and its Applications

BITS F417 / ME F423

Dr. Satish Kumar Dubey

Mechanical Engineering Department
BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus
 BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus

Pressure driven flow

Pressure driven flow
 Required some means for pressure generation
 Flow actuation mechanism
 Bio System: Flow of blood in blood vessels
 Flow focusing- Droplet generation
 Pressure developed by pumps
 In microfluidic system commonly used pumps:
peristaltic pump and syringe pump

There are five types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry
the blood away from the heart; the arterioles; the capillaries, where the
exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues occurs;
the venules; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back
towards the heart.

3
Observation of Dripping Regime

30 fps 100 fps

3214 fps 100 fps

Experimental set up
Fully developed flow

6 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 Pressure driven flow
 Velocity Profile uc  f (x)
 Core Velocity Variation  2  1 uc 2  uc1
 Fluid is accelerating, it means for steady force driving
pressure or head is required

p V 2
 z
 g 2g
p  p   gz
*

 Driving force is piezo metric head

 With increase of core velocity there is a decrease in piezo metric
head, *
dp
 ve
dx
7 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Pressure driven flow
 For hydro dynamically fully developed flow: the edges of
boundary layer meets, ie entire section is feeling the
effect of wall
uc  f (x)
 For micro channels entrance region is almost negligible,
entire length of channel can be analyzed by considering
fully developed flow.
 1 / 2
~ Re x
x

8 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Pressure driven flow
Fluid element is in non acceleration situation

p   p
* *

 dp * R 2   w 2Rdx  0
*
R dp
w  
2 dx
 w  f (velocity grad )
dp *
 const.
dx
p * is linear
uc
w ~ 

9 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Pressure driven Flow
Conservation Equations :
Continuity Equation:
Vector form: General expanded form:
    
 .V   0  u   v   w  0
t t x y z
Index form:
   
 
 ui   0 t  x1 u1   x2 u2   x3 u3   0
t xi
x1  x u1  u
x2  y u2  v
x3  z u3  w
10
Pressure driven Flow: Flow between parallel plate
Continuity Equation:
Vector form: General expanded form:
    
 .V   0  u   v   w  0
t t x y z
     u  w 
u v w        0
t x y z  x y z 
For incompressible flow:
 u  w 
     0
 x y z 
For fully developed flow through parallel plate: v  0 @ wall
u w  v  0 for all y
 0;  0; 0
x z y v  v( y )
11
Pressure driven Flow: Flow between parallel plate: Fully developed
Nervier Stokes Equation:
Assumptions:
X momentum Equation
 Incompressible Flow
 ui ui  p   ui   Constant density and
 uj       viscosity
 t  
x j  xi x j  x j   Steady flow

 u1 u1 u1  p   u1  u1
2 2
 2
u3 
  u1  u2  u3   2   2 
 x1 x2 x3  x1  x1 x2 x3 
2

 u u u  p   u  u  u
2 2 2
  u  v  w      2  2  2 
 x y z  x  x y z 
For fully developed flow through parallel plate:
u w  2u p
 0; v  0 0  2 
x z y x
12
Pressure driven Flow: Flow between parallel plate; Fully developed

Y- momentum Equation

 v v v  p   v  v  v
2 2 2
  u  v  w      2  2  2 
 x y z  y  x y z 
p 2 Boundary conditions
0 d u dp
 2 
y dy dx du
y  o; 0
p  p( y) d 2u 1 dp dy
  Const  C
p  p (t ) dy 2
 dx y  H ;u  0

u  y  H 
p  p( y) Cy 2 C 2
u  C1 y  C2
p  p ( x) only 2 2

13
Pressure driven Flow: Flow between parallel plate: Fully developed
Dimensionless Wall
Mean speed Wall Shear Stress
Shear Stress
 udu
H  u v   w
u  w       cf
 H 2 H 1
 x y   u


 CH 2
u   u  2
w     
3  x  3 u 2
 cf
 
 H
3u u u 2
C  w  3
H2 H cf 
6
u 3 y2  Re H

 1  2 
u 2 H 

14
Pressure driven Flow: Flow between parallel plate :Fully developed flow

f: Darcy friction factor

6 4A 
cf  Dh  2
Re H P fu L
hf  
d 2u dp 4(2 H  B) 2 g Dh
  Dh 
dy 2
dx 2  2H  B  24
f  4c f
d 2u 1 dp 4(2 H  B) / B Re H
  Dh 
dy 2  dx 2  2H  B  / B

3 u 1 p H
 0 Conclusions:
H 2
 l B  fRe is constant for fully developed
 laminar flow : It means not
3 u L Dh  4 H dependent on surface roughness.
hf  2   If the length scale is comparable
H g with surface roughness:
Unresolved issue

15