LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION INTER-AGENCY APPROACH

Law Enforcement Administration - the process involved in ensuring strict compliance, proper
obedience of

laws and related statutes. Focuses on the policing process or how law enforcement agencies
are

organized and manage in order to achieve the goals of law enforcement most effectively,

efficiently and productively.

Law - the system of rules that a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the
actions of its

members and may enforce by the imposition of penalties.

Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or command.

Administration - an organizational process concerned with the implementation of

objectives and plans and internal operating efficiency. Connotes bureaucratic structure and
behavior, relative

routine decision-making and maintenance of the internal order.

Sir Robert Peel - considered a "father of law enforcement".

Sir Robert Peels Nine Principles of Policing

1. The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder.

2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon

public approval of police actions.

3. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to
be able to

secure and maintain the respect of the public.

4. The degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionally to the
necessity of

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the use of force.

5. Police seek and preserve public favor not by catering to public opinion but by constantly
demonstrating

absolute impartial service to the law.

6. Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to
restore order only

when the expertise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be

insufficient.

7. Police at all time should maintain a relationship with the public that

gives reality to the historic tradition;

the police are the public and

the public are the police. The police being only full time

individuals charged with the duties that are incumbent on all of the citizens.

8. Police should always direct their actions strictly towards their functions and never appear to
usurp the

powers of the judiciary.

9. The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder not the visible evidence of
police action in

dealing with it.

Administration of Police Organization

Police - one of the pillars of the criminal justice system that has the specific responsibility of
maintaining law

and order and combating crime within the society.

- comes from Latin "politia"-civil administration which itself derives from the ancient Greek
police "city"

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Administration - an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives
and plans and

internal operating efficiency.

Organization - a group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives.

Police Organization - a group of trained personnel in the field of public safety administration
engaged in the

achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and order,
protection of life

and property, enforcement of the laws and the prevention of crimes.

Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or command.

Law Enforcement Agency - pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing the laws.

Objectives - refer to the purpose by which the organization was created. Refer to the goals of
the

organization.

Supervision - means the act of watching over the work or tasks of the members of the
organization to ensure

that desired results are achieved.

Management - the process of directing and facilitating the work of people organized in formal
groups in

order to achieve objectives. Judicious or wise use of resources (manpower,

material,money,equipment,

supplies and time).

Hierarchy - represents the formal relationship among superiors and subordinates in any given
organization.

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Serves as the framework for the flow of authority downward and obedience upward, through
the

department.

Authority - the right to command and control the behavior of employees in lower positions
within an

organizational hierarchy. Must be viewed in terms of prescribed roles rather than of individuals.

A particular position within the organization. Carries the same regardless of who occupies that
position.

Management/Administrative Functions

1. Planning

2. Organizing

3. Directing

4. Controlling

5. staffing

6. Reporting

7. Budgeting

Principles of efficient Management

* Division of work - work specialization can increase efficiency with the same amount of effort.

* Authority and Responsibility- authority includes the right to command and the power to
require

obedience. One can not have authority without responsibility.

* Discipline - necessary for an organization to function effectively, however, the state of the
disciplinary

process depends upon the quality of its leaders.

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* Unity of Command - subordinate should receive orders from one superior only.

* Scalar Chain - the hierarchy of authority is the order of ranks from the highest to the lowest
levels of the

organization. Shows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which defines an unbroken chain
of

units from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority.

Organizational Units in the Police Organization

1. Functional Units

Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a large department; comprised of several
divisions.

Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.

Section - functional unit within a division that is necessary for specialization.

Unit - functional group within a section or the smallest functional group within an organization.

2. Territorial Units

Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty.

Route - a length of streets designated for patrol purpose, also called line beat.

Beat - an area designed for patrol purposes whether foot or motorized.

Sector - an area containing two or more beat, route or post.

District - a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually with its own station.

Area - a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of designated districts.

ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”

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POLITEIA

–Greek word which means government of the city

POLITIA

– Roman word which means condition of the state or government

POLICE

–French word which was later adopted by the English language.

ORGANIZATION

- a group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives.- a form of human
association for the attainment of a goal or objective.

POLICE ORGANIZATION

A group of trained personnel in the field of public safety administration engaged

in the achievement ofgoals and objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and order,
protection of life and property,enforcement of the laws and the prevention of crimes.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

Pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing the laws.The collective term for
professionals who are dedicated to upholding and enforcing the laws and statutesthat are
currently in force in a given jurisdiction.

THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE1) HOME RULE THEORY

-policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the efficiency of
their functions uponthe express needs of the people .-policemen are civil servants whose key
duty is the preservation of public peace and security.

2) CONTINENTAL THEORY

-policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities.-the people have no
share or have little participation with the duties nor connection with the policeorganization.

CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE1) OLD CONCEPT

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 - police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive machinery.- this philosophy
advocates that the measurement of police competence is the increasing number ofarrests,
throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than trying to prevent them from
committingcrimes .

2) MODERN CONCEPT

- regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ of crime
prevention.-police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes .-broadens police
activities to cater to social services and has for its mission the welfare of the individualas well as
that of the community in general.

FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

1) PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS

-functions that carry out the major purposes of the organization, delivering the services
anddealing directly with the public.

2) STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS

-functions that are designed to support the line functions and assist in the performance of
the linefunctions.

3) AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS

-functions involving the logistical operations of the organization.

-examples are communication, maintenance, records management, supplies

and equipmentmanagement

ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION1. OPERATIONAL UNITS

-those that perform primary or line functions.

-examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice control.

2. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS

-those that perform the administrative functions.

-examples are personnel, finance, planning and training

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3. SERVICE UNITS

-those that perform auxiliary functions.

-examples are communication, records management.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

-the systematic arrangement of the relationship of the members, positions, departments

andfunctions or work of the organization.

-it is comprised of functions, relationships, responsibilities and authorities of individuals

within theorganization.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

-an illustration in the form of a chart which represents the organizational structure.

-the mechanical means of depicting the organizational structure.

ELEMENTS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

1) UNITY OF COMMAND -

dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding the unit to ensure uniformity in the
execution of orders.

2) SPAN OF CONTROL -

the ability of one man to direct, coordinate, and control immediatesubordinates.

3) DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY -

conferring of certain specified authority by a superior to asubordinate.

ELEMENTS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

4) HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY

-the relationship between superiors and subordinates

5) SPECIALIZATION

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-the assignment of particular personnel to particular tasks which are highlytechnical and
require special skills and training.

6) CHAIN OF COMMAND

-the arrangement of officers from top to bottom on the basis of rank or positionand authority.

7) COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY

-dictates that immediate commanders shall be responsible for theeffective supervision and
control of their personnel and unit .

PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

On January 9, 1901, theMetropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized pursuant to Act No.
70 of the Taft Commission. This has become the basis for the celebration of the anniversary of
the Manila’s Finest every January 9th.

1. ACT 175

–entitled

“An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary”,
established on August 8, 1901.

CAPT. HENRY ALLEN

–the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901

2. ACT 183

–enacted on July 13, 1901, created the Manila Police Department.

CAPT GEORGE CURRY

-the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1901.

3. R.A. 4864

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–otherwise known as the Police Act of 1966, enacted on August 8, 1966; created thePolice
Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the training and
professionalizationof the local police forces under the Office of the President; later POLCOM
was renamed into NationalPolice Commission (NAPOLCOM)

Martial Law Period4. P.D. 765

–otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August 8, 1975; established the
Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the
nucleusand the integrated local police forces as components, under the Ministry of National
Defense.-transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the Ministry of
National Defense.

5. R.A. 6975

–otherwise known as the

Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of1990, enacted on December 13, 1990;
reorganized the DILG and established the Philippine NationalPolice, Bureau of Fire Protection,
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the Philippine PublicSafety College.

6. R.A. 8551

–otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of1998,
enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975.

7. RA 9708 -

law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum educationalqualification
for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12 August2009.

“AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR COMPLYING

WITH THE MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE

PHILIPPINENATIONAL POLICE (PNP) AND ADJUSTING THE PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF,
AMENDINGFOR THE PURPOSE PERTINENT PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6975 AND
REPUBLIC ACT

NO. 8551 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”

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IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING1. BGEN

RAFAEL CRAME

-the first Filipino chief of the Philippine Constabulary on December 17, 1917

2. COL ANTONIO TORRES

-the first Filipino chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1935

3. COL LAMBERTO JAVALERA

-the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine Independence
fromthe United States of America in 1946

4. P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO

-the first chief of the Philippine National Police

HIGHLIGHTS OF RA 6975

–THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT OF 1990 , RA 8551

–THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1998 and RA
9708THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG)

- formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)-reorganized under R.A. 6975

ORGANIZATION:Composition:

-the Department proper-existing bureaus and offices of the DLG-the National Police
Commission-the Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC)-Philippine National Police (PNP)-Bureau
of Fire Protection (BFP)-Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)-the

PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP

were created under RA 6975.-headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the President and
who shall serve at the pleasure of thePresident.

-the Secretary shall be assisted by

two (2) Undersecretaries and

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three (3) Assistant Secretaries .-Undersecretary for Local Government.

-Undersecretary for Peace and Order.-No retired or resigned military officer or police official
may be appointed as Secretary within one (1) yearfrom date of retirement or resignation.

-the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the National Police Commission.

RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)

-under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) was in charge with external security
whilethe DILG was in charge with internal security.

-under RA 8551, the DILG shall be relieved of the primary responsibility on matters
involvingsuppression of insurgency and other serious threats to national security. The PNP shall
throughinformation gathering and performance of its ordinary police functions, support the
AFP on mattersinvolving suppression of insurgency.

NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION

- an agency attached to the DILG for policy coordination.-shall exercise administrative control
and operational supervision over the PNP.

COMPOSITION:

-consist of a

Chairperson

four (4) regular Commissioners

and the

Chief of PNP as ex officiomember.

-shall serve a term of office of

six (6) years without reappointment or extension.

-three of the regular commissioners shall come from civilian sector who are neither active nor
formermembers of the police or military.

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-the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement sector either active or
retired.Provided, that an active member of a law enforcement agency shall be considered
resigned onceappointed.-at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners shall be a woman.-
from among the three regular commissioners from the civilian sector, the

Vice Chairperson

shall bechosen.-the

Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer of the Commission.PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICEorganized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551

-a law enforcement agency under the DILG.-under administrative control and operational
supervision of the National Police Commission.-it is an organization that is

national in scope and civilian in character

, as provided by

Article XVI,Section 6 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution:

“The state shall establish and maintain one police force which shall be

national in scope and civilian incharacte

r…”

-headed by the

Chief, PNP

, with the

rank of Director General

appointed by the President and

whoshall serve a

term of office of four (4) years.

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NATIONAL IN SCOPE

- means that the PNP is a nationwide government organization whose jurisdiction covers the
entirebreadth of the Philippine archipelago.- all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the
PNP are national government employees.

CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER

- means that that the PNP is not a part of the military, although it retains some military
attributes such asdiscipline.

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PNP

-Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;-Maintain
peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;-Investigate and prevent
crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring offenders to justice andassist in their
prosecution;-Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance with
the Constitution andpertinent laws;-Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is
prescribed by law, informing the person sodetained of all his rights under the Constitution;-
Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with law;-Supervise
and control the training and operations of security agencies and issue licenses to
operatesecurity agencies and to security guards and private detectives, for the purpose of their
professions.

ORGANIZATION and COMPOSITION OF THE PNP

-shall be headed by a

Chief

who shall be assisted by

two (2) deputy chiefs

-Deputy Chief for Administration.-Deputy Chief for Operations.

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-the Chief PNP and the two (2) deputy chiefs shall be appointed by the President .-no officer
who is retirable within six (6) months shall be appointed Chief .-the PNP shall be composed of a
national office, regional offices, provincial offices, district offices, andcity or municipal stations.

CAMP RAFAEL CRAME

-the national headquarters of the Philippine National Police, located in Quezon City-houses the
offices of the following:1. Chief, PNP2. two (2) deputy chiefs3. Chief, Directorial Staff4. ten (10)
directorial staff5. ten (10) administrative support units6. ten (10) operational support units

Directorial Staff

1. Directorate for Personnel and Records Management;

2. Directorate for Intelligence;3. Directorate for Operations;4. Directorate for Logistics;5.

Directorate for Integrated Police Operations6. Directorate for Plans7. Directorate for
Comptrollership8. Directorate for Police Community Relations9. Directorate for Investigation
and Detective Management10. Directorate for Research and Development11. Directorate for
Information and Communication Technology Management.

12. Directorate for Human Resourse and Doctrine Dev’t

Administrative Support Units

1. Logistics Support Unit2. Information Technology Management Service3. Finance Service4.

Health Service5. Communications and Electronic Service6. Chaplain Service7. Legal Service8.
Headquarters Support Service9. Engineering Service10. Training Service

Operational Support Units

1. Maritime Group2. Intelligence Group3. Police Security and Protection Group4. Criminal
Investigation and Detection Group5. Special Action Force6. Aviation Security Group7. Highway
Patrol Group8. Police Community Relations Group9. Civil Security Group10. Crime Laboratory

POLICE REGIONAL OFFICES

-the PNP is divided into seventeen (17) police regional offices (PRO), each headed by a

RegionalDirector;

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

PRO 1

13, NCRPO, CAR, and ARMM

PROVINCIAL POLICE OFFICES

-for every region, there are provincial offices, each headed by a

Provincial Director

-in large provinces, police districts may be established to be headed by a

District Director

-at the city or municipal levels or stations, each is headed by a

Chief of Police

DISTRICT OFFICESNCRPO is divided into five (5) districts, each headed by a District Director:

1.

Manila Police District (MPD)

(formerly Western Police District)- Manila

2. Eastern Police District (EPD)

Marikina, Pasig, San Juan and Mandaluyong,3.

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Northern Police District (NPD)

Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela4.

Central Police District (CPD)

Quezon City5.

Southern Police District (SPD)

Pasay, Makati, Paranaque, Las Pinas, Muntinlupa, Taguig andPateros

MANNING LEVELS (POLICE-TO-POPULATION RATIO)1:500

nationwide average

1:1000

minimum police-to-population ratio

KEY POSITIONS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING RANKS IN THE PNPChief

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highest position in the PNP, with the rank of

Director General.

Deputy Chief for Administration

the

second-in command

, with the rank of

Deputy DirectorGeneral.

Deputy Chief for Operations

the

third-in-command

, with the rank of

Deputy Director GeneralChief Directorial Staff

with the rank of

Deputy Director GeneralHead of Directorial Staff

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with the rank of

Director

NCR Director

with the rank of

DIRECTORRegional Director

- with the rank of

Chief SuperintendentProvincial Director

-with the rank of

Senior SuperintendentNCR District Director

- with the rank of

Chief Superintendent

Chief of Police

STATUS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE PNP

-police officers are

employees of the national government

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 and shall draw their salaries from thenational budget .-they shall have the same salary grade
level as that of public school teachers, police officers assigned inMetro Manila, chartered cities
and first class municipalities may be paid financial incentives by the localgovernment unit
concerned subject to availability of funds.

GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PNP (RA 6975, as amended by RA

8551and RA 9708)

1. A citizen of the Philippines;2. A person of good moral conduct;3. Must have passed the
psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical tests to be administered by thePNP or by any
NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for the purpose of determining physical andmental
health;4. Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of
learning;5.Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;6. Must not
have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or dismissed for cause fromany
civilian position in the Government;7. Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an
offense or crime involving

moral turpitude;8. Must be at least one meter

and sixty-two centimeters

(1.62 m) in height for male and one meter andfifty-seven

(1.57 m) for female;

9. Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5kgs) from the standard weight
corresponding to hisor her height, age and sex; and10. For a new applicant, must not be less
than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of age

Pursuant to RA 9708, “…PNP members who are already in the service upon the effectivity of

Republic Act No. 8551 shall be given five (5) years to obtain the minimum educational
qualification preferably in law enforcement related courses, to be reckoned from the date of th
e effectivity of thisamendatory Act: Provided, furthermore, That for concerned PNP members
rendering more than fifteen(15) years of service and who have exhibited exemplary
performance as determined by the Commission,

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shall no longer be required to comply with the aforementioned minimum educational
requirement.”

EXAMINATION AND ELIGIBILITY

The National Police Commission

shall administer the entrance and promotional examinationsfor police officers on the basis of
the standards set by the Commission (as amended by RA 8551).

-POLICE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION

–taken by applicants of the PNP

-POLICE PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATIONS

– taken by in-service police officers as part of themandatory requirements for promotion.

POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATIONSENIOR POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATIONINSPECTOR

EXAMINATIONSUPERINTENDENT EXAMINATIONNAPOLCOM MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO.
2008-003

The appropriate eligibilities for PO1 are those acquired from the following:

- NAPOLCOM PNP Entrance Examination- R.A. No. 6506 (Licensed Criminologist)- R.A. No. 1080
(Bar and Board Examinations of baccalaureate degree)- P.D. 907 (Granting Civil Service Eligibility
to College Honor Graduates)- Civil Service Professional

NAPOLCOM MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 2008-016

Promotional Examinations

-Members of the Bar and Licensed Criminologists whose profession are germane to
lawenforcement and police functions are no longer required to take promotional
examinations.- Up to the rank of Superintendent.

APPOINTMENT OF UNIFORMED PNP PERSONNELPO1 to SPO4

–Appointed by the PNP Regional Director for regional personnel or by the Chief PNP forthe
National Headquarters personnel.

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INSP to SUPT

–Appointed by the Chief of the PNP, as recommended by their immediate superiors.

SSUPT to DDG

–Appointed by the President

Director General

–Appointed by the President from among the senior officers down to the rank of
ChiefSuperintendent.

KINDS OF APPOINTMENT PERMANENT

– when an applicant possesses the upgraded general qualifications for appointmentin the PNP.

TEMPORARY

–Any PNP personnel who is admitted due to the waiver of the educational or
weightrequirements. Any members who will fail to satisfy any of the waived requirements with
the specified timeperiods shall be dismissed from the service.Pursuant to NAPOLCOM
Memorandum Circular No. 2007-009, a newly recruited PO1 shall beappointed in

temporary status

in twelve (12) months pending compliance with the Field TrainingProgram (FTP) involving actual
experience and assignment in patrol, traffic and investigation.

APPOINTMENT UNDER WAIVER PROGRAM

(NAPOLCOM MC No. 2007-009)

1) Conditions on waivers for initial appointment to the PNP

a) The age, height and weight for initial appointment to the PNP may be waived only when
thenumber of qualified applicants falls below the approved national/regional quota.b) The

22
Commission en banc may grant age, height and weight waiver. The NAPOLCOMRegional
Director may grant height waiver to a member of an indigenous group.c) Waiver of the age
requirement may be granted provided that the applicant shall not be lessthan twenty (20) nor
more than thirty five (35) years of age.d) Waiver of the height requirement may be granted to a
male applicant who is at least 1 meterand 57 cm (1.57m) and to a female applicant who is at
least 1 meter and 52cm (1.52m). Provided, thatthe minimum height requirement for applicants
who belong to indigenous group duly certified by theOffice of the Muslim Affairs (OMA) or the
National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) shall be1.52m for male and 1.45m for
femalee) An applicant who is granted a weight waiver shall be given reasonable time not
exceeding six(6) months within which to comply with the said requirement. Failure to attain the
required weight shallcause the termination from the service.

2) Factors to be Considered in the Grant of Waivers

a) Outstanding accomplishments or possession of special skills in law enforcement, police

work,martial arts, marksmanship and similar skills;b) Special talents in the field of sports, music
and others;c) Extensive experience or training in forensic science and other technical services.

3) Selection Criteria under the waiver program

a) Applicants who possess the least disqualifications shall take precedence over those
whopossess more disqualifications.

b) The requirement shall be waived in the following order:1) Age2) Height3) Weight

LATERAL ENTRY OF OFFICERS INTO THE PNP

1) In general, all original appointments of commissioned officers in the PNP shall commence
with therank of inspector, to include all those with highly technical qualifications applying for
the PNP technicalservices (R.A. 6975).a). Senior Inspector1) Chaplain;2) Member of the Bar;3)
Doctor of Medicineb) Inspector1) Dentist2) Optometrists3) Nurses4) Engineers5) Graduates of
forensic science6) Graduates of Philippine National Police AcademyLicensed criminologists

may be

appointed to the rank of inspector to fill up any vacancyafter promotions from the ranks are
completed.2) New policy on LATERAL ENTRY (NAPOLOCM M.C 2008-006a) A person with highly
technical qualifications such as:1) Dentist2) Optometrist3) Nurse4) Engineer5) Graduate of
Forensic Science6) Doctor of Medicine7) Member of the Philippine Bar8) Chaplain9)
Information Technologist10) Pilot11) Psychologistb) Graduate of PNPAc) Licensed
Criminologist3) Top priority consideration for lateral entry into the rank of Police Inspector shall
be given to top ten(10) placers of the different Licensure Examinations. However, incumbent

23
PNP members who landed inthe top ten shall be given first preference over the civilian
provided that the qualifications are satisfied.4).The maximum age of PNP members applicants
through lateral entry shall be forty six (46) years old atthe time of appointment. Age waivers
shall not be allowed.

THE PNP PROMOTION SYSTEM

Promotion is defined as the upward movement from one classification or rank to another
carryinghigher benefits and more responsibility. It is the upgrading of ranks and/or
advancement to a position ofleadership.

KINDS OF PROMOTION

1. Regular Promotion

2. Special/ Meritorious/Spot Promotion

3. Promotion by virtue of position

I. Regular Promotion - promotion granted to police officers meeting the mandatory

requirements forpromotion.

MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROMOTION

1. Educational attainment

2. Completion of appropriate training/schooling, such as:

Master’s Degree - Chief Superintendent and above

Officers Senior Executive Course (OSEC)–Supt to Sr. Supt

Officers Advance Course (OAC)–Chief Insp.

Officers Basic Course (OBC)–Sr. Insp.

Officers Candidate Course (OCC) –SPOIV

Senior Leadership Course (SLC)–SPOIII to SPOIV

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Junior Leadership Course (JLC) –POIII to SPOI

3. Time-in Grade

–the number of years required for a police officer to hold a certain rank beforehe can be
promoted to the next higher rank. The time-in grade in the PNP is maintained asfollows
(NAPOLCOM MC # 2011-196):

2 years –from Sr Supt to Chief Supt.

3 years –from Supt to Sr Supt

5 years– Chief Insp to Supt

5 years –Sr Insp to Chief Insp

4 years –Insp to Sr Insp

3 years–SPO4 to Insp

3 years–SPO3 to SPO4

3 years–SPO2 to SPO3

3 years –SPO1 to SPO2

3 years- PO3 to SPO1

3 year–PO2 to PO3

4 years–PO1 to PO2

4. Appropriate eligibility –the required promotional examinations

a. Police Officer Promotional Examination

b. Senior Police Officer Promotional Examination

c. Police Inspector Promotional Examination

d. Police Superintendent Promotional Examination

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Except for the Chief, PNP, no PNP member who has less than one (1) year of servicebefore
reaching the compulsory retirement age shall be promoted to a higher rank or appointed to
anyother position.-

Pursuant to RA 9708, “…In addition,the institution of a criminal action or complaint againsta

police officer shall not be a bar to promotion: Provided, however, That upon finding of
probablecause, notwithstanding any challenge that may be raised against that finding
thereafter, the concernedpolice officer shall be ineligible for promotion:

Provided ,further ,That if the case remains unresolvedafter two (2) years from the
aforementioned determination of probable cause, he or she shall beconsidered for promotion.

In the event he or she is held guilty of the crime by final judgment, saidpromotion shall be
recalled without prejudice to the imposition of the appropriate penalties underapplicable laws,
rules and regulations:

-Provided ,furthermore, That if the complaint filed against the police officer is for a crime
including, but not limited to, a violation of human rights, punishable by reclusion perpetua or
life imprisonment, and the court has determined that the evidence of guilt is strong, said police
officer shallbe completely ineligible for promotion during the pendency of the said criminal
case.”

II. Special Promotion

– promotion granted to police officers who have exhibited acts of conspicuouscourage and
gallantry at the risk of his/her life above and beyond the call of duty.

Conspicuous courage is a courage that is clearly distinguished above others in the performance
of one’s duty.

ACTS OF CONSPICUOUS COURAGE AND GALLANTRY (

NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No.2007-003 and PNP Memorandum Circular No. 2009-019)

1. A deed of personal bravery and self sacrifice above and beyond the call of duty, so
conspicuous as todistinguish the act clearly over and above his/her comrades in the
performance of more than ordinaryhazardous service, such as; but not limited to the following
circumstances:

a. Overwhelming number of enemies and firepower capability as against the strength of

PNPoperatives and their firepower capability;

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b. Infiltration and penetration of the safehouses and hideouts of organized crime syndicates
likekidnapping, illegal drugs, carnapping, hijacking and terrorism;

c. Shoot-out in robbery/hold-up incidents inside public places such as: malls, government
offices,business establishments and PUVs;

d. Conduct of rescue/disaster operations that resulted in the saving of lives and properties.

2. An act of heroism exhibited in the face of an armed enemy or in the conduct of

rescue/disasteroperations resulting in the loss of life (posthumous promotions).

Posthumous Award

– in case an individual who distinguish himself dies before the granting of theawards.

III. PROMOTION BY VIRTUE OF POSITION

(Section 32, R.A. 8551) Any PNP personnel designated to any key position whose rank is lower
than that which isrequired for such position shall, after six (6) months of occupying the same,
be entitled to a rankadjustment corresponding to the position.

Provided, that the personnel shall not be reassigned to a position calling for a higher rank
untilafter two (2) years from the date of such rank adjustment.

ATTRITION (RA 8551)

- Refers to the retirement or separation from police service of PNP uniformed personnel
pursuantto any of the means mentioned in Section 24 to 29 of RA 8551 and other means as
provided inNAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No. 2008-005.)

MODES OF ATTRITION

a) Attrition by attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position.

Maximum Tenure in Position refers to the maximum cumulative period for a PNP member
tohold a particular position level.

Position Maximum Tenure

Chief Four (4) years

Deputy Chief Four (4) years

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Director of the Staff Services Four (4) years

Regional Directors Six (6) years

Provincial/City Directors Nine (9) years

b) Attrition by Relief

– A PNP uniformed personnel who has been relieved for just cause and has notbeen given an
assignment within two (2) years after such relief shall be retired or separated.

c) Attrition by demotion in position or rank

– Any PNP personnel, civilian or uniformed, who arerelieved and assigned to a position lower
than what is established for his or her grade in the PNP staffingpattern and who shall not be
assigned to a position commensurate to his or her grade within EIGHTEEN(18) MONTHS after
such demotion shall be retired or separated.

d) Attrition by non-promotion

–Any PNP personnel who has not been promoted for a continuousperiod of

TEN (10) YEARS

shall be retired or separated

e) Attrition by other means

- Any PNP member of officer with at least

five (5) years

ofaccumulated active service shall be separated based on any of the following:1. inefficiency
based on poor performance during the last two (2) successive annual ratingperiods;

Poor performance

refers to the poor rating in the promulgated PNP Performance Evaluation RatingSystem.2.
Inefficiency based on poor performance for three (3) cumulative annual rating periods;3.
Physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police functions and duties.4. Failure to pass the
required entrance examinations twice and/or finish the required careercourse except

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for justifiable reasons;5. refusal to take periodic PNP Physical Fitness Test without justifiable
reason.

Physical Fitness Test

refers to the method of evaluating the physical condition of PNP members interms of stamina,
strength, speed and agility.6. failure to take PNP Physical Fitness Test for four (4) consecutive
periodic tests due to healthreasons;7. failure to pass PNP Physical Fitness Test for Two (2)
consecutive periodic tests or four (4)cumulative periodic tests; or8. non-compliance with the
minimum qualification standards for the permanency or originalappointment.

RETIREMENT OR SEPARATION UNDER THE ATTRITION SYSTEM

Any personnel who is dismissed from the PNP pursuant to different ways mentioned,
shall beretired if he or she has rendered at least twenty (20) years of service and separated if he
or she hasrendered less than twenty (20) years of service, unless the personnel is disqualified
by law to receivesuch benefits.

RETIREMENT

- the separation of the police personnel from the service by reason of reaching the age ofretire
ment provided by law, or upon completion of certain number of years in active service. A
PNPuniformed personnel shall retire to the next higher rank for purposes of retirement pay.

KINDS OF RETIREMENT

a) Compulsory

–for officer and non-officer, upon the attainment of age Fifty-Six (56). Provided, in caseof any
officer with the rank of CSUPT, Director or Deputy Director General, the Commission may allow
his retention in the service for an unextendible of one (1) year.

b) Optional

–upon accumulation of at least Twenty (20) years of satisfactory active service.

RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Monthly retirement pay shall be FIFTY PERCENT (50%) of the base pay in case of twenty years
ofactive service, increasing by

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TWO AND ONE-HALF PERCENT (2.5%) for every year of active servicerendered beyond twenty
years.

CREATION OF WOMEN’S DESK

-provided by RA 8551

- women’s desk in all police stations shall administer and attend to cases involving crimes
against chastity, sexual harassment, abuses committed against women and children and other
similar offenses.

-the PNP shall reserve

TEN PERCENT (10%)

of its annual recruitment, training and education quota forwomen.-policewomen shall enjoy
the same opportunities in terms of assignment, promotion and other benefitsand privileges
extended to all police officers.

POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OVER THE PNP UNITS

- Governors and Mayors are deputized as representatives of the NAPOLCOM in their

respectiveterritorial jurisdiction.

a) Provincial Governor

- power to choose the PNP Provincial Director from a list of 3 eligibles recommended by the
PNPRegional Director.- oversee the implementation of the provincial public safety plan.

b) City and Municipal Mayors

- has the power to choose his CHIEF OF POLICE from a list of five (5) eligibles recommended
bythe provincial police director.

-he has the authority to recommend to the provincial director the transfer, reassignment or
detail of PNPmembers outside of their respective city or town .

- Authority to recommend from a list of eligibles, the appointment of new members of the PNP
to beassigned in respective cities.

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– exercise operational supervision and control over PNP units in their jurisdiction, except
during the 30days period immediately preceding and the 30 days following any national, local
and barangay elections.

-During the election period, local police forces shall be under the supervision andcontrol of the
COMELEC.

Operational Supervision and control

- means the power to direct, superintend, and oversee the day to day functions of police
investigation ofcrime, crime prevention activities and traffic control.- shall also include the
power to direct the employment and deployment of units or elements of thePNP, through the
station commander, to ensure public safety and effective maintenance of peace andorder
within the locality.

Employment

-refers to utilization of units or elements of the PNP for purposes of protection of lives
andproperties, enforcement of laws, maintenance of peace and order, prevention of crimes,
arrest of criminaloffenders and bringing the offenders to justice and ensuring public safety,
particularly in the suppressionof disorders, riots, lawlessness, violence, rebellious and seditious
conspiracy, insurgency, subversion orother related activities.

Deployment -

shall mean the orderly and organized physical movement of elements or units of the PNPwithin
the province, city or municipality for purposes of employment

SUSPENSION OR WITHDRAWAL OF DEPUTATION

- Unless reversed by the President, the NAPOLCOM may, after consultation with the provincial
governorand congressman concerned, suspend or withdraw the deputation of any local
executives for any of thefollowing grounds:1.Frequent unauthorized absences2.Abuse of
authority3.Providing material support to criminal
elements4.Engaging in acts inimical to national security or which negate the effectiveness of
thepeace and order campaign.

ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINARY MACHINERIES

Citizen Complaints

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-pertains to any complaint initiated by a private citizen or his duly authorizedrepresentative on
account of an injury, damage or disturbance sustained due to an irregular or illegal
actcommitted by a member of the PNP

DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITIES:

1)CHIEF OF POLICE -

where the offense is punishable by withholding of privileges, restriction tospecified limits,

suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for a period notexceeding fifteen
(15) days

2) CITY/MUNICIPAL MAYORS -

where the offense is punishable by withholding of privileges, restrictionto specified limits,

suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for a period not lessthan Sixteen
but not exceeding Thirty (30) Days.

3) PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB)

- where the offense is punishable by withholdingof privileges, restriction to specified limits,

suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof,for a period exceeding Thirty (30)
Days, or by Dismissal.

INTERNAL DISCIPLINE

– On dealing with minor offense involving internal discipline found to havecommitted by any
PNP members, the duly designated supervisors shall, after due notice and hearings,exercise
disciplinary powers as follows:

1)CHIEF OF POLICE -

may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or reprimand;restriction to specified

limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or anycombination of the
foregoing for a period not exceeding Fifteen (15) Days.

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2)PROVINCIAL DIRECTORS -

may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or reprimand;restriction to specified

limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or anycombination of the
foregoing for a period not exceeding Thirty (30) Days.

3)REGIONAL DIRECTORS -

may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or reprimand;restriction to specified

limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; demotion; or
anycombination of the foregoing for a period not exceeding Sixty (60) Days.

4)CHIEF OF THE PNP –

shall have the power to impose the disciplinary punishment of dismissal fromthe service;
suspension or forfeiture of salary; demotion; or any combination of the foregoing for aperiod
not exceeding One Hundred Eighty (180) Days.

MINOR OFFENSE -

shall refer to an act or omission not involving moral turpitude but affecting theinternal
discipline of the PNP, and shall include but not be limited to:

-simple misconduct or negligence

-insubordination

-frequent absences or tardiness

-habitual drunkenness

-gambling prohibited by law

INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE (IAS) -

created by RA 8551

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE IAS:

- pro-actively conduct inspections and audits on PNP personnel and units;- investigate
complaints and gather evidence in support of an open investigation;-conduct summary hearings
on PNP members facing administrative charges;-submit a periodic report on the assessment,

33
analysis, and evaluation of the character and behavior ofPNP personnel and units to the Chief
PNP and the Commission;-file appropriate criminal cases against PNP members before the court
as evidence warrants and assistsin the prosecution of the case;-provide assistance to the Office
of the Ombudsman in cases involving the personnel of the PNP;

The IAS shall also conduct, motu proprio (on its own initiative), automatic investigation ofthe
following cases:

-incidents where a police personnel discharges a firearm;-incidents where death, serious

physical injury, or any violation of human rights occurred in the conductof a police operation;-
incidents where evidence was compromised, tampered with, obliterated, or lost while in the
custody ofpolice personnel;-incidents where a suspect in the custody of the police was seriously
injured; and-incidents where the established rules of engagement have been violated.

ORGANIZATION OF IAS

-headed by the INSPECTOR GENERAL who is a CIVILIAN and appointed by the President upon
therecommendation of the Director General (Chief, PNP)-the Inspector General shall be
assisted by a Deputy Inspector General-there shall be national, regional and provincial offices-
the national office shall be headed by the Inspector General, the regional offices by a Director,
and theprovincial offices by a Superintendent

ENTRY QUALIFICATIONS TO IAS

-entry shall be voluntary-PNP personnel with at least

five (5) years

experience in law enforcement

-with no derogatory service record-members of the bar may enter the service laterally

PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB)

- a body created pursuant to RA 6975.- one of the disciplinary authorities of the PNP authorized
to handle and investigate citizen’s complaint.

-the central receiving entity for any citizen’s com

plaint against the PNP members- shall be created by the sangguniang panlungssod/bayan in
every city and municipality as may benecessary.-there shall be at least one (1) PLEB for every
five hundred (500) city or municipal police personnel.- membership in the PLEB is a civic duty.

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COMPOSITION OF PLEB

composed of five (5) members

who shall be as follows:

-any member of the sangguniang panlungsod/bayan.-any barangay chairman of the locality

concerned.-three other members to be chosen by the local peace and order council from
among themembers of the community.-for the three other members, the following conditions
must be met:

-one must be a woman-one must be a lawyer, or a college graduate, or the principal of an

elementary school in the q locality

-the CHAIRMAN of the PLEB shall be elected from among its members-the term of office of the
members of the PLEB is THREE (3) YEARSDISCIPLINARY APPELATE BOARDS

-formal administrative disciplinary appellate machinery of the National Police Commission.-

tasked to hear cases on appeal from the different disciplinary authorities in the PNP

COMPOSED OF THE FOLLOWING:

National Appellate Board

-shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the PNP Chief and the National
Internal AffairsService-shall be composed of the four (4) regular commissioners and shall be
chaired by the executive officer

REGIONAL APPELLATE BOARD

-shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the Regional Director, Provincial
Director,Chief of Police, the city or municipal mayor and the PLEB-there shall be at least one (1)
regional appellate board per administrative region

ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES

1. Withholding of privileges2. Restriction to specified limits3. Restrictive custody4. Forfeiture of

salary5. Suspension6. Any combination of the penalties above (1
to 5)7. One (1) rank demotion8. Dismissal from the service

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POLICE PLANNINGPLANNING

- the determination in advance of how the objectives of the organization will be attained;
involves thedetermination of a course of action to take in performing a particular function or
activity- a management function concerned with visualizing future situation, making estimates
concerning them,identifying issues, needs and potential danger points, analyzing and evaluating
the alternative ways andmeans of reaching desired goals according to a certain schedule,
estimating the necessary funds andresources to do the work and initiating action in time to
prepare what may be needed to cope withchanging conditions and contingent events

TYPES OF PLANSPROCEDURAL PLAN OR POLICY PLANS

-deal with procedures that have been outlined and officially adopted by all members of the unit
underspecified circumstances-guidelines for actions to be taken.

It includes all STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP)

POLICY

-general plan of action that serves as a guide in the operation of the organization or unit-codes
of procedures

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP’s)

1. S.O.P # 1

–Police Beat Patrol Procedures

2. SOP # 2

–Bantay-Kalye

3. SOP # 3

–Siyasat

4. SOP # 4

– REACT 1665.

SOP # 5
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–LIGTAS (anti-kidnapping)

6. SOP # 6

– Anti-Carnapping

7. SOP # 7

– Anti-Terrorism

8. SOP # 8

–Joint Anti-Bank Robbery Action Committee (JABRAC)

9. SOP # 9

–Anti-Hijacking or Highway Robbery

10. SOP # 10

–PAGLALANSAG or PAG-AAYOS (against Partisan Armed Groups of Loose Fire)

11. SOP # 11

–Manhunt Bravo (wanted persons)

12. SOP # 12

–Anti-Illegal Gambling

13. SOP # 13

– Anti-Squatting

14. SOP # 14

–JERICHO

15. SOP # 15

–NENA (Anti-Prostitution)

16. SOP # 16

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–Anti-Pornography

17. SOP # 17

–Guidelines in the Conduct of Arrest, Search and Seizure

18. SOP # 18

–Schematic Diagram of SANDIGAN Master Plan

19. SOP # 19

–Anti-Illegal Logging

20. SOP # 20

–Anti-Illegal Fishing

21. SOP # 21

– Anti-Illegal Drugs

EXAMPLES OF PROCEDURAL PLANS/POLICY PLANSFIELD PROCEDURES

procedures intended to be used in all situations of all kinds shall be outlined as guide to
officersand men in the field, such as: procedures that relate to reporting, to raids, arrests,
stopping suspiciouspersons, receiving complaints, investigation, etc

HEADQUARTERS PROCEDURES

include the procedures to be followed in the headquarters, usually reflected in the duty
manual.

SPECIAL OPERATING PROCEDURES

procedures intended for specific operations to ensure uniformity of action

OPERATIONAL PLANS

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- often called work plan- the work program of the field units- describe specific actions to be take
n- the work to be done is estimated, manpower and equipment is allocated, proper objectives a
redefined and methods of accomplishment are developed- statistical analysis is widely used

OPERATIONAL PLANS (OPLANS)

1.

OPLAN JUMBO

–ASG Strategic Plan against Terrorism2.

OPLAN SALIKOP

–CIDG Strategic Plan against Organized Crime Groups3

. OPLAN DISIPLINA

–TMG regarding vehicles and motorists4

. OPLAN BANTAY DALAMPASIGAN

–operation security measures and sea borne security patrols

TACTICAL PLANS

-plans that concern methods of action to be taken at a designated location and under
specificcircumstances-generally emergency type plans that can be put into effect on the sudden
occurrence of a conditionrequiring their use-planning for emergencies of a specific nature at
known locations-developed for specific situations as they arise-examples are:

planning for major accidents; calamities or disasters; special events; hostage-taking situations,
etcADMINISTRATIVE or MANAGEMENT PLANS

-those plans that relate to staffing, equipping, supplying and organizing-include the structuring
of functions, authority and responsibilities, the allocation of resources, personnelmanagement,
budgeting and other concerns administrative in nature

-examples are: assignment and training of personnel; recruitment; equipment and

supplyprocedures, etcEXTRA-DEPARTMENTAL PLANS

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-those which require actions or assistance from persons or agencies outside of the department-
involve coordination with other agencies

-examples are: exchange of information on wanted persons, known drug syndicates,

knownorganized crime groups, stolen vehicles, etcPNP MASTER PLANS

1.

SANDIGAN-MILENYO

–Anti-Criminality Master Plan2.

SANDUGO

–master plan supporting the Internal Security Operations3.

BANAT

–Anti-Illegal Drugs Master Plan4.

SANG-INGAT

– Security Operations Master Plan5.

SAKLOLO

–Disaster Management Master Plan6.

SANGYAMAN

–Protection and Preservation of Environment, Cultural Properties and NaturalResources.

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