1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT

1998-99 ENGINES 2.4L 4-Cylinder

1998-99 ENGINES

2.4L 4-Cylinder

ENGINE IDENTIFICATION

NOTE: For repair procedures not covered in this article, see ENGINE OVERHAUL
PROCEDURES article in GENERAL INFORMATION.

Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is stamped on a metal tab, attached to top left end of instrument panel,
near the windshield. Engine can also be identified by an engine code (3rd character) stamped on left side of
cylinder block. See Fig. 1 . See the ENGINE IDENTIFICATION CODES table.

ENGINE IDENTIFICATION CODES

Application VIN Code Engine ID
2.4L DOHC SFI T LD9

Fig. 1: Locating Partial VIN & Engine Code

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

ADJUSTMENTS
VALVE CLEARANCE ADJUSTMENT

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Engine is equipped with non-adjustable hydraulic valve lifters.

TROUBLE SHOOTING

NOTE: To trouble shoot mechanical engine components, see ENGINE MECHANICAL in

GENERAL TROUBLE SHOOTING article in GENERAL INFORMATION.

REMOVAL & INSTALLATION

CAUTION: When battery is disconnected, vehicle computer and memory systems

may lose memory data. Driveability problems may exist until computer
systems have completed a relearn cycle. For 1998, see appropriate model
under COMPUTER RELEARN PROCEDURES in COMPUTER RELEARN
PROCEDURES article in GENERAL INFORMATION. For 1999, See
appropriate model in COMPUTER RELEARN PROCEDURES article in
GENERAL INFORMATION.

NOTE: For reassembly reference, label all electrical connectors, vacuum hoses and
fuel lines before removal. Also place mating marks on engine hood and other
major assemblies before removal.

FUEL PRESSURE RELEASE

Disconnect negative battery cable. Loosen fuel filler cap. Install Fuel Pressure Gauge (J-34730-1) on fuel
pressure connector of fuel rail. Wrap shop towel around pressure connection when installing fuel pressure gauge
to absorb fuel leakage. Install gauge bleed hose into container. Open bleed valve to bleed fuel pressure.

COOLING SYSTEM BLEEDING

1. Fill radiator and surge tank to base of filler neck. Install pressure cap on surge tank. Block drive wheels
and firmly apply parking brake. Shift automatic transaxle to Park or manual transaxle to Neutral. Start
engine. Run until upper radiator hose is hot. Stop engine.
2. Observe coolant level in surge tank or radiator. If not above FULL mark, allow engine to cool and then
remove surge tank cap. Add coolant. If low coolant light lights after servicing, remove surge tank cap and
add coolant to bring level to COLD FULL mark when system is cold.

ENGINE

Removal (1998 Models)

NOTE: On 1998 models, remove engine and transaxle as an assembly through bottom
of engine compartment.

1. Release fuel pressure. See FUEL PRESSURE RELEASE . Disconnect negative battery cable. Drain
cooling system. Discharge air conditioning system (if equipped) using approved refrigerant
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recovery/recycling equipment.
2. Remove left sound insulator and disconnect push rod from clutch pedal assembly (if equipped).
Disconnect control cables, coolant hoses, electrical connectors, vacuum hoses, and fuel lines as necessary.
Remove air cleaner assembly. Remove cooling fan. Disconnect air conditioning hose assembly from
compressor (if equipped). Discard "O" rings.
3. Remove throttle cable and bracket. Remove power steering pump bolts and pump (leave hoses
connected). Disconnect shift cables. Disconnect clutch actuator (slave cylinder) hydraulic line. Remove
exhaust manifold and heat shield. See EXHAUST MANIFOLD .
4. Support engine from above with Engine Support Fixture (J-28467-A). Remove coolant recovery tank
(leave hoses connected) and position aside. Remove engine mount from timing chain end of engine. Raise
and support vehicle. Remove front wheels. Remove right splash shield. Remove engine mount strut and
transaxle mount. Separate ball joints from steering knuckles.
5. Put a suitable supporting device under suspension support, crossmember and stabilizer shaft. Remove
suspension support and stabilizer shaft. Remove heater outlet hose from radiator outlet pipe. Remove axle
shaft from transaxle and intermediate shaft (manual transaxle only) and position aside.
6. Remove flywheel housing cover. Put a suitable supporting device under engine and transaxle assembly
and lower vehicle onto support. Mark threads on engine upper support fixture hooks for installation
reference. Remove engine upper support fixture hooks. Raise vehicle slowly from engine and transaxle
assembly. Separate engine from transaxle (note bolt location for reassembly reference).

Installation

1. Assemble engine to transaxle, ensuring bolts are in correct locations. On automatic transaxle models,
clean torque converter bolts and bolt holes. Apply sealant to bolts. On all models, position engine and
transaxle assembly under engine compartment. Lower vehicle until transaxle mount is aligned. Install
transaxle mount bolt.
2. Install Engine Support Fixture (J-28467-A) above engine, adjusting it to previous setting. Install engine
mount at timing chain end of engine. Install engine mount at transaxle. Raise vehicle. Remove supporting
device from below engine and transaxle assembly. Install axle shafts.
3. Install suspension support, crossmember and stabilizer shaft assembly. Tighten suspension support rear
bolts, center bolts and then front bolts to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table.
Connect ball joints. Install engine mount strut. To complete installation, reverse removal procedure.
Evacuate and charge air conditioning system. Fill cooling system and crankcase.

Removal (1999 Models)

NOTE: On 1999 models, remove engine while leaving transmission in vehicle.

1. Release fuel pressure. See FUEL PRESSURE RELEASE . Disconnect negative battery cable. Drain
cooling system and engine oil. Remove fuel rail assembly, air intake duct from air cleaner, ignition coil
and module assembly. Disconnect control cables, coolant hoses, electrical connectors, vacuum hoses, and
fuel lines as necessary.
2. Unbolt power steering pump and secure aside. Remove air intake duct bracket. Remove cruise control
assembly and set aside. Install J 28467-360 engine support fixture. Remove fan belt and engine mount
assembly. Raise engine using support fixture, then remove engine mount bracket.
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3. Raise and support vehicle. Remove front wheels and right splash shield. Remove crankshaft balancer.
Remove torque converter bolts and oxygen sensor. Lower vehicle. Remove generator and starter. Remove
exhaust brace bolt and exhaust manifold heat shield. Disconnect exhaust pipe from exhaust manifold.
4. Unbolt A/C compressor and secure aside. Remove oil pan-to-bellhousing bolts. Remove transmission
mount. Remove transmission-to-engine bolts. Install engine hoist, then remove engine while supporting
transaxle.

Installation

To install, reverse removal procedure. Tighten all fasteners to specifications. See TORQUE
SPECIFICATIONS table. Fill engine fluids, and bleed cooling system. See COOLING SYSTEM
BLEEDING .

INTAKE MANIFOLD

Removal

WARNING: Never remove intake manifold while engine is hot. Intake manifold is
made of composite plastic and can be damaged if removed while engine
is hot.

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Disconnect electrical connectors and vacuum hoses from intake
manifold components as necessary. Disconnect air intake tube. Remove throttle cable bracket.
2. Remove generator mount bolt. Remove EGR pipe from EGR adapter. Remove intake manifold nuts and
bolts. Remove intake manifold and gasket.

Installation

NOTE: Intake manifold gasket is reusable unless damaged. Numbered side of intake
manifold gasket must face intake manifold.

Tighten all intake manifold nuts and bolts to specification in sequence. See Fig. 2 . See TORQUE
SPECIFICATIONS table. To complete installation, reverse removal procedure.

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Fig. 2: Intake Manifold Tightening Sequence

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

EXHAUST MANIFOLD

Removal

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Disconnect oxygen sensor connector. Raise and support vehicle.
Remove exhaust manifold brace bolt. Remove upper heat shield. Disconnect exhaust pipe flex decoupler
from manifold. DO NOT allow flex decoupler to bend more than 3 degrees in any direction, as damage
will result.
2. Pull down and back on exhaust pipe to disengage it from manifold. Lower vehicle. Remove exhaust
manifold nuts. Remove exhaust manifold, seals and gaskets.

Installation

To install, reverse removal procedure using NEW gaskets. Tighten bolts to specification in sequence. See
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table. See Fig. 3 . If oxygen sensor was removed, coat threads with Anti-Seize
Compound (5612695) before installation.

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Fig. 3: Exhaust Manifold Tightening Sequence

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

CYLINDER HEAD

Removal

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Drain cooling system. Remove throttle body-to-air cleaner duct.
Disconnect heater hose and throttle body hose from water outlet. Remove power brake vacuum hose from
throttle body.
2. Disconnect electrical connectors, vacuum hoses, and coolant hoses as necessary. Remove generator
mount bolt. Remove intake manifold. See INTAKE MANIFOLD . Remove generator mount bolt.
3. Reinstall generator mount bolt. Install Engine Support Fixtures (J-28467-400 and J-28467-A). Remove
exhaust manifold. See EXHAUST MANIFOLD . Remove ignition coil and module assembly
connectors. Remove attaching bolts and remove coil assembly from camshaft housing by pulling it
straight up. See Fig. 12 .
4. Disconnect camshaft position sensor connector. Remove power steering pump. Remove fuel line
retaining clamp from bracket on top of intake camshaft housing. Remove fuel rail from cylinder head, and
leaving fuel lines attached, position on top of master cylinder. Cover injector openings in head and
injector nozzles.

CAUTION: Turn camshaft housing upside down immediately after removing

from vehicle, or valve lifters will fall out and may be damaged.

5. Remove timing chain and sprocket. See TIMING CHAIN, SPROCKETS & TENSIONER .

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Disconnect timing chain housing at intake camshaft housing but DO NOT remove from vehicle. Remove
bolts attaching intake camshaft housing to cylinder head bolts in reverse of tightening sequence. See Fig.
13 . Remove camshaft housing. Repeat procedure with exhaust camshaft housing.
6. Disconnect radiator inlet hose from coolant outlet and disconnect coolant temperature sensor connectors.
Remove cylinder head bolts in reverse order of tightening sequence. See Fig. 4 . Remove cylinder head
and gasket. See CYLINDER HEAD under OVERHAUL.

Installation

CAUTION: DO NOT use a thread tap to clean cylinder head bolt holes. Remove all
fluids from bolt holes.

Clean threads of cylinder head bolts and bolt holes. Lightly coat bolt threads with engine oil. Install NEW
gasket, ensuring all holes are aligned with cylinder block. Install cylinder head and tighten cylinder head bolts
to specification in sequence. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table. To complete installation, reverse
removal procedure. See Fig. 4 .

Fig. 4: Cylinder Head Bolt Tightening Sequence

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

FRONT COVER

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Removal

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Drain cooling system. Remove coolant recovery tank. Remove
serpentine drive belt. Remove generator (leave wiring attached). Attach Engine Support Fixture (J-28467-
400 and J-28467-A) to engine and generator stud. Remove bolts from upper half of front cover.
2. Remove engine mount assembly from timing chain end of engine. Remove engine mounting bracket
adapter. Raise and support vehicle. Remove right front wheel and splash shield. Remove crankshaft
balancer bolt. Remove crankshaft balancer with a puller. Remove lower bolts from front cover. Lower
vehicle. Remove front cover and gaskets.

Installation

To install, reverse removal procedure. Cover gasket is reusable if not damaged. Lubricate front seal with grease
before installing crankshaft balancer. To complete installation, reverse removal procedure. Tighten nuts and
bolts to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table. Fill cooling system.

CRANKSHAFT FRONT SEAL

Removal & Installation

Disconnect negative battery cable. Remove front cover. See FRONT COVER . Support cover, and drive seal
through rear of cover. Take care not to damage cover. Note direction of seal installation. To install seal, use
Seal Installer (J-36010).

TIMING CHAIN, SPROCKETS & TENSIONER

NOTE: This procedure has been revised due to GM service manual update (SMU) # 00-
06-01-002 dated Feb, 2000

Removal

CAUTION: To prevent severe engine damage, carefully follow procedure.

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Remove front cover. See FRONT COVER . See Fig. 5 . Rotate
crankshaft in normal direction of rotation (clockwise, as viewed from front of engine) until cylinder No. 1
is at TDC of compression stroke.
2. The camshaft sprocket dowel pin hole should line up with holes on timing chain housing. The crankshaft
sprocket keyway should point upwards. See Fig. 5 . Remove timing chain guides. Raise and support
vehicle. Ensure slack in chain is above tensioner assembly, then remove chain tensioner.
3. Note that timing chain must be disengaged from any wear grooves in tensioner shoe before removing
shoe. Slide a screwdriver blade between chain and tensioner shoe, while pulling shoe outward (this
should disengage chain from wear grooves in shoe). If timing chain is not difficult to remove, go to step
5 . If it is difficult to remove timing chain shoe, go to next step.

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CAUTION: To prevent damage to sprocket or timing chain housing, use a puller

to remove sprocket from camshaft. DO NOT pry sprocket from
camshaft.

4. Lower vehicle. Hold intake camshaft sprocket with Sprocket Wrench (J-39579) and remove sprocket bolt.
Remove washer from bolt and rethread bolt into camshaft by hand. Remove camshaft sprocket using a 3-
jaw puller. DO NOT attempt to pry sprocket off or damage will result.
5. Remove tensioner assembly bolts and tensioner. Mark outer surface of timing chain and crankshaft
sprocket for reassembly reference. Remove timing chain.

Fig. 5: Assembled View Of Timing Chain, Sprockets & Tensioner

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

Installation

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1. Install the camshaft sprockets. The sprockets are identical and interchangeable. Clean the old sealer off of
the bolts with a wire brush. Clean the threaded hole in the camshaft with a nylon bristle brush. Coat the
camshaft bolts with Adhesive/Sealant Compound (GM 1234593) or equivalent. See Fig. 6 .
2. Install the camshaft sprocket bolts and washers while holding the sprockets with Tool (J- 39579). Tighten
the bolts to 52 ft. lbs. (70 N.m).

NOTE: Ensure camshaft sprocket alignment pins are in the cylinder block and the
timing chain housing, prior to installing the timing chain housing. The
camshaft sprocket alignment pins ensure proper chain housing and front
cover location for correct front oil seal to crankshaft alignment.

3. Install Tool (J-36008-A) through the holes in the camshaft sprockets and into the holes in the timing
chain housing. This will position the camshaft for correct timing. Use the following steps if the camshafts
are out of position and must be rotated more than 1/8 turn in order to install the alignment dowel pins:
A. The crankshaft must be rotated 90 degrees clockwise from TDC to give the valves adequate
clearance to open.
B. Once the camshafts are in position and the dowels are installed, rotate the crankshaft counter
clockwise back to TDC.

CAUTION: DO NOT rotate the crankshaft clockwise to TDC. Valve or piston

damage could occur. The timing chain and crankshaft sprocket must
be put in a specific direction for chain noise and wear
considerations. The surfaces that were marked during removal
should be showing when the chain and crankshaft sprocket are
installed.

4. Install the timing chain over the exhaust camshaft sprocket around the coolant pump sprocket and around
the crankshaft sprocket. Remove the alignment dowel pin from the intake camshaft. Use Tool (J-39579)
in order to rotate the intake camshaft sprocket counter clockwise enough to allow the timing chain to slide
over the intake camshaft sprocket. Release Tool (J-39579). The length of the chain between the two
camshaft sprockets will tighten.
5. If properly timed, the intake camshaft alignment dowel pin will slide in easily. If the dowel pin does not
fully index, the camshafts are not timed correctly and the procedure must be repeated. Leave the
alignment dowel pins installed. The keyway on the crankshaft and the mark on the cylinder block should
be aligned when the slack is removed from the chain between the intake camshaft sprocket and the
crankshaft sprocket. If the mark and the keyway are not aligned, move the chain one tooth forward or
rearward. Remove the slack and recheck the marks.

NOTE: Use the following steps in order to reset the timing chain tensioner
assembly to the zero position:

A. Reset the timing chain tensioner assembly.

B. Insert the tensioner plunger assembly into the tensioner housing.
C. With the tensioner plunger fully extended, turn the complete
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assembly upside down on a bench or other flat surface. See Fig. 7 .

D. With the plunger face against the workbench, press firmly on the
bottom of the tensioner housing.
E. Compress the plunger until the plunger is seated flush in the
tensioner. See Fig. 8 .

6. Check the plunger to ensure the plunger is out of the cylinder at the correct dimension. The correct
dimension for the plunger to extend out of the cylinder is .070" (1.7 mm) maximum. See Fig. 8 . Loosely
install the tensioner assembly and bolts to the timing chain housing. See Fig. 9 . Install the timing chain
tensioner shoe on the stud. Apply hand pressure to the timing chain tensioner shoe until the locking tab
seats in the groove in the stud. Tighten the timing chain tensioner bolts. DO NOT over tighten. Tighten
the bolts to 89 INCH lbs. (10 N.m).

CAUTION: If the timing chain tensioner plunger is not released from the
installation position, engine damage will occur when the engine is
started.

7. Release the timing chain tensioner plunger using the following procedure:
A. Using a flat blade screwdriver, cotter pin remover, or a similar tool, press firmly against the face of
the timing chain tensioner plunger. See Fig. 10 .

NOTE: If the timing chain tensioner plunger cannot be depressed, the

plunger is not properly reset and the procedure for resetting the
timing chain tensioner should be repeated.

B. Depress the timing chain tensioner plunger until the plunger is bottomed out in the bore of the
timing chain tensioner. See Fig. 8 .
C. Release the tensioner plunger. See Fig. 10 . The plunger should press firmly against the back of the
timing chain tensioner shoe. Remove Tool (J- 36008-A) from the camshaft sprockets.

CAUTION: Beginning with the 1998 model year, the timing chain on the LD9 (VIN
T) Twin Cam Engine is different from the chain found on earlier
versions of this engine, and is not to be replaced with a timing chain
from earlier model year engines. The timing sprockets were also
changed beginning in 1998, and the shape of the chain links matches
the sprockets. Engine damage may result if the wrong timing chain is
used. The timing chain and the crankshaft sprocket must be marked
so that they are reinstalled in the same side facing out at the time of
assembly.

8. Rotate the crankshaft clockwise two full rotations. Align the crankshaft keyway with the mark on the
cylinder block and reinstall the alignment dowel pins. The alignment dowel pins will slide in easily if the
engine is timed correctly. Install the timing chain guides.

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Fig. 6: Installing Timing Chain Sprockets

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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Fig. 7: Released View Of Timing Chain Tensioner Assembly

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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Fig. 8: Compressed View Of Timing Chain Tensioner Assembly

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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Fig. 9: Installing Shoe & Timing Chain Tensioner Assembly

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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Fig. 10: Releasing Timing Chain Tensioner Assembly

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

TIMING CHAIN HOUSING

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Removal

NOTE: Timing chain housing does not need to be completely removed if replacing
gasket between cylinder head or cylinder block and timing chain housing.

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Remove front cover. See FRONT COVER . Raise and support
vehicle. Drain cooling system by disconnecting heater hose from thermostat housing. Remove nuts
securing water pump to timing chain housing. Remove timing chain and tensioner, making sure to mark
chain and sprocket outside surfaces. See TIMING CHAIN, SPROCKETS & TENSIONER .
2. Remove fasteners attaching timing chain housing to block. Remove 4 bolts securing oil pan to front
cover. Remove stud from lowest point on timing chain housing (if left installed, stud prevents removal of
housing).
3. Lower vehicle. Hold camshaft sprockets with Sprocket Wrench (J-39579) and remove sprocket bolts.
Remove bolts securing timing chain housing to camshaft housings. Remove timing chain housing and
gaskets (if necessary, raise engine slightly from above).
4. If necessary, remove timing chain idler sprocket and bearing. See TIMING CHAIN IDLER
SPROCKET & BEARING .

Installation

1. Replace oil pan gasket if damaged. If silicone bead at corner joints is damaged, repair it by applying just
enough Silicone Sealant (12345739) to restore it to its original dimension (too much sealant may cause
part misalignment, resulting in oil leaks).
2. Ensure dowel pins are installed in cylinder block. Install timing chain housing with NEW gaskets
(without sealer). Install and hand-tighten all timing chain housing bolts, then tighten to specification. See
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table. To install remaining components, reverse removal procedure. Fill
cooling system.

TIMING CHAIN IDLER SPROCKET & BEARING

Removal

1. Remove timing chain housing. See TIMING CHAIN HOUSING . Remove snap ring securing bearing
in housing. See Fig. 11 . Install Remover/Installer Plate (J-36998-4) on front side of housing, engaging
alignment pins into bolt holes in housing.

NOTE: Replace bearing whenever idler sprocket is removed.

2. Using Handle (J-36998-2), press sprocket out of bearing. Reposition remover/installer plate onto rear side
of housing, engaging water pump studs into holes in plate. Using Remover/Installer (J-36998-1) and
Handle (J-36998-2), press bearing out of housing.

Installation

Clean snap ring groove in housing. Coat surfaces of housing and NEW bearing with Sealant (12345493). Install
remover/installer plate on front side of housing. Using remover/installer and handle, press bearing into housing.
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Reposition remover/installer plate to rear side of housing. Using remover/installer and handle, press idler
sprocket through bearing. Install bearing snap ring. Install timing chain housing. See TIMING CHAIN
HOUSING .

Fig. 11: Exploded View Of Timing Chain Idler Sprocket Assembly

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

INTAKE CAMSHAFT & HOUSING

Removal

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Disconnect ignition coil electrical connector. Remove bolts, and
remove ignition coil and module assembly by pulling it straight up. See Fig. 12 . It may be necessary to
use Spark Plug Wire Remover (J-36011) to break plug wire connectors loose by twisting and then
pulling.
2. Disconnect camshaft position sensor connector. Remove power steering pump and set aside (leave hoses
connected). Disconnect vacuum line from fuel pressure regulator. Disconnect fuel injector harness
connector. Remove fuel line clamp from top of intake camshaft housing. Remove fuel rail bolts.
3. Remove fuel rail (leave fuel lines attached). Cover injector openings in cylinder head. Cover injector
nozzles. Remove timing chain and camshaft sprockets. See TIMING CHAIN, SPROCKETS &
TENSIONER . Remove bolts securing timing chain housing to camshaft housing.

CAUTION: Any time camshaft housing bolts are loosened or removed, gasket
between camshaft housing and cylinder head must be replaced.

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4. Remove bolts that secure camshaft housing cover to camshaft housing. Working in reverse order of
tightening sequence, evenly loosen and remove bolts securing camshaft housing to cylinder head (leave 2
bolts loosely in place to keep camshaft housing in place while separating cover from housing). See Fig.
13 .
5. Install 4 camshaft housing-to-cylinder head bolts into tapped holes in camshaft housing cover. Evenly
tighten bolts to separate cover from housing. Remove 2 loosely installed camshaft housing bolts. Remove
camshaft housing cover and seals.

NOTE: If removing lifters, keep them in order; they must be installed in their
original locations. To prevent bleed-down, store lifters upside down in
clean engine oil.

6. Install and hand-tighten one camshaft housing bolt to keep camshaft housing in place while removing
camshaft and lifters. For installation reference, note position of dowel pin (on timing chain sprocket) in
relation to camshaft housing. Remove camshaft. Remove camshaft housing and lifters as an assembly. If
necessary, remove lifters from camshaft housing.

Inspection

If camshaft journal diameter, lobe lift, end play or oil clearance is not within specification, replace components
as necessary. See CAMSHAFT SPECIFICATIONS table under ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS. Check
camshaft housing. See CAMSHAFT HOUSING under OVERHAUL.

Installation

NOTE: If replacing camshaft or lifters, add Engine Oil Supplement (1052367) to

crankcase. If camshaft is replaced, lifters must also be replaced.

1. Ensure dowel pins aligning camshaft housing with cylinder head are installed. Install camshaft housing
with a NEW gasket (no sealant required). Loosely install one camshaft housing bolt to keep camshaft
housing in place while installing lifters and camshaft.
2. Coat lifters and camshaft with Prelube (12345501). Install lifters in their original locations. Install
camshaft, ensuring dowel pin on timing chain sprocket is in same position as when removed. Dowel pin
should point straight up and lined up with centerline of lifter bore. Install NEW Green camshaft housing
cover seals into cover (no sealant is required).
3. Remove bolt installed to keep camshaft housing in place. Apply GM Pipe Sealant (1052080) to threads of
bolts securing housing to cylinder head and cover to housing. Tighten camshaft housing bolts to
specification in sequence. See Fig. 13 . Note that bolts 11 and 12 have a different final torque than bolts
1-10. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table.
4. Install timing chain housing and timing chain in reverse order of removal. Lubricate NEW "O" ring seals
with engine oil, and install them onto injectors. Install fuel rail. To install remaining components, reverse
removal procedure.
5. If a spark plug boot connector remained on a spark plug when ignition coil and module assembly was
removed, remove it from spark plug and install it onto ignition coil and module assembly. Set ignition
coil and module assembly in place and press straight down to install assembly onto spark plugs.
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6. Clean oil from threads of bolts securing assembly to camshaft housing. Apply GM Pipe Sealant
(1052080) to ignition coil-to-camshaft housing bolt threads. To complete installation, reverse removal
procedure.

Fig. 12: Camshaft Housing & Ignition Coil/Module Assembly

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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Fig. 13: Camshaft Housing Bolt Tightening Sequence

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

EXHAUST CAMSHAFT & HOUSING

Removal

CAUTION: Any time camshaft housing bolts are loosened or removed, gasket
between camshaft housing and cylinder head must be replaced.

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Disconnect ignition coil electrical connector. Remove bolts, and
remove ignition coil and module assembly by pulling it straight up. See Fig. 12 . It may be necessary to
use Spark Plug Wire Remover (J-36011) to break plug wire connectors loose by twisting and then
pulling.
2. Disconnect oil pressure switch connector. Disconnect timing chain housing at exhaust camshaft housing
but DO NOT remove from vehicle. See TIMING CHAIN HOUSING . Remove exhaust camshaft cover
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and gasket.
3. Working in reverse order of tightening sequence, evenly loosen and remove bolts securing camshaft
housing to cylinder head (leave 2 bolts loosely in place to keep camshaft housing in place while
separating cover from housing). See Fig. 13 . Install 4 camshaft housing-to-cylinder head bolts into
tapped holes in camshaft housing cover.
4. Evenly tighten bolts to separate cover from housing. Remove 2 loosely installed camshaft housing bolts.
Remove camshaft housing cover and seals.

NOTE: If removing lifters, keep them in order; they must be installed in their
original locations. To prevent bleed-down, store lifters upside down in
clean engine oil.

5. Install and hand-tighten one camshaft housing bolt to keep camshaft housing in place while removing
camshaft and lifters. For installation reference, note position of dowel pin (on timing chain sprocket) in
relation to camshaft housing. Remove camshaft. Remove camshaft housing and lifters as an assembly. If
necessary, remove lifters from camshaft housing.

Inspection

If camshaft journal diameter, lobe lift, end play or oil clearance is not within specification, replace components
as necessary. See CAMSHAFT SPECIFICATIONS table under ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS. Check
camshaft housing. See CAMSHAFT HOUSING under OVERHAUL.

Installation

NOTE: If replacing camshaft or lifters, add Engine Oil Supplement (1052367) to

crankcase. If camshaft is replaced, lifters must also be replaced.

1. Ensure dowel pins aligning camshaft housing with cylinder head are installed. Install camshaft housing
with NEW gasket (no sealant required). Loosely install one camshaft housing bolt to keep camshaft
housing in place while installing lifters and camshaft.
2. Coat lifters and camshaft with Prelube (12345501). Install lifters in their original locations. Install
camshaft, ensuring dowel pin on timing chain sprocket is in same position as when removed. Dowel pin
should point straight up and lined up with centerline of lifter bore. Install NEW Orange seals into cover
(no sealant is required).
3. Remove bolt installed to keep camshaft housing in place. Apply GM Pipe Sealant (1052080) to threads of
bolts securing housing to cylinder head and cover to housing. Tighten camshaft housing bolts to
specification in sequence. See Fig. 13 . Note that bolts 11 and 12 have a different final torque than bolts
1-10. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table.
4. Install timing chain housing and timing chain in reverse order of removal. To install remaining
components, reverse removal procedure. If a spark plug boot connector remained on a spark plug when
ignition coil and module assembly was removed, remove connector from spark plug and install it onto
ignition coil and module assembly.
5. Set ignition coil and module assembly in place and press straight down to install assembly onto spark
plugs. Clean oil from threads of bolts securing assembly to camshaft housing. Apply GM Pipe Sealant
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(1052080) to ignition coil-to-camshaft housing bolt threads. To complete installation, reverse removal
procedure.

CRANKSHAFT REAR OIL SEAL

Removal

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Remove transaxle. For M/T, see appropriate article in CLUTCHES.
For A/T, see appropriate REMOVAL & INSTALLATION - A/T article in
TRANSAXLE/TRANSMISSIONS.
2. On manual transaxle models, mark pressure plate in relation to flywheel for installation reference.
Remove flexplate/flywheel assembly. Remove oil pan-to-seal housing bolts. Remove seal housing-to-
block bolts and gasket. See Fig. 25 .
3. Note direction of seal installation. Lay seal housing onto 2 wood blocks, with transaxle side of seal
housing facing down. To prevent seal housing damage, ensure wood blocks that seal housing are
supported across dowel pin and center bolt holes on both sides of seal opening. Using a small chisel in
seal relief grooves, evenly drive seal out of seal housing without scraping sealing surface.

Installation

1. Using Crankshaft Rear Seal Installer (J-36005), press NEW seal into housing. Replace oil pan gasket if
damaged. If silicone bead at corner joints is damaged, repair it by applying just enough Silicone Sealant
(12345739) to restore it to its original dimension (too much sealant may cause part misalignment,
resulting in oil leaks).
2. Set NEW seal housing-to-block gasket in place on dowel pins. Lubricate NEW seal lip with engine oil.
Install seal housing, but DO NOT install oil pan bolts. Tighten bolts securing seal housing to cylinder
block to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table. Install and tighten oil pan-to-seal
housing bolts to specification.
3. To install remaining components, reverse removal procedure. Apply Sealant (12345493) to
flexplate/flywheel bolts before installing them. Align reference marks on pressure plate and flywheel
(manual transmission).

OIL FLOW CHECK VALVE

Removal

CAUTION: During check valve removal, DO NOT allow tool to impact ball at
bottom of check valve, as this may cause ball to dislodge. If check
ball is dislodged, it may fall into oil galley. Locate check ball if it is
missing.

1. Oil flow check valve is located below surface of cylinder block deck, near front of engine, and is
accessible with cylinder head removed. See Fig. 28 . Attach a slide hammer to check valve using Check
Valve Remover (J-38123) or a modified common 3/16 x 4" round-head machine screw. To modify screw,
grind 2 flat spots on outside diameter of screw head, parallel with screwdriver slot and 180 degrees across
from each other.
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2. Insert check valve remover (or modified machine screw) into check valve, then rotate tool 90 degrees so
it will lock into indentations in check valve. DO NOT allow tools to contact check ball as it can drop into
engine oil galleries. Pull check valve out of its bore.

Installation

If check ball is missing, it has dropped into oil galleries and must be retrieved before installation. Using slide
hammer and check valve remover (opposite end), or a hammer and drift punch, drive NEW check valve into its
bore until it is seated (normally, check valve will seat slightly below surface). A distinct change of sound will
result when check valve seats.

VALVE LIFTERS

Removal & Installation

To remove and install valve lifters, remove camshafts and camshaft housings. See INTAKE CAMSHAFT &
HOUSING . Also See EXHAUST CAMSHAFT & HOUSING .

RADIATOR (ACHIEVA, GRAND AM & SKYLARK)

CAUTION: Before servicing any electrical component, the ignition key must be in the
OFF or LOCK position and all electrical loads must be OFF, unless
instructed otherwise in these procedures. If a tool or equipment could
easily come in contact with a live exposed electrical terminal, also
disconnect the negative battery cable. Failure to follow these precautions
may cause personal injury and/or damage to the vehicle or its
components.

NOTE: When adding coolant, it is important that you use GM Goodwrench DEX-COOL
(tm) coolant. If coolant other than DEX-COOL(tm) is added to the system, the
engine coolant will require change sooner: at 30,000 miles (50 000 km) or 24
months.

Removal

1. Disconnect the negative battery cable

2. Drain the cooling system. Recover the coolant.
3. Remove the air intake duct assembly by removing the air cleaner outlet resonator mounting screws.
Disconnect the air cleaner outlet resonator clamp at throttle body. Remove the air cleaner outlet duct from
air cleaner outlet resonator and air cleaner assembly. Disconnect the crankcase vent hose from the air
cleaner outlet resonator. Remove the air cleaner outlet resonator.
4. Disconnect the upper transaxle oil cooler line from the radiator (Automatic Transmission).
5. Disconnect the radiator inlet hose and the clamp from the radiator
6. Raise the vehicle. See JACKING & HOISTING in SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES article in
WHEEL ALIGNMENT.
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7. Disconnect the lower transaxle oil cooler line from the radiator.
8. Remove the cooling fan by removing the cooling fan bracket bolt. Disconnect the wiring harness
connector from the fan motor. Remove the cooling fan assembly.
9. Remove the splash shield that is below the radiator outlet hose.
10. Disconnect the radiator outlet hose from the radiator.
11. Lower the vehicle.
12. Remove the retaining clip from the condenser line
13. Remove the condenser to radiator bolts.
14. Disconnect the surge tank inlet hose and the clamp from the radiator.
15. Remove the radiator retaining bolts and the mounts.
16. Remove the radiator.

Installation

1. Install the radiator

2. Install the radiator mounts and the bolts Tighten the bolts to 89 INCH lbs. (10 N.m).
3. Connect the surge tank inlet hose and the clamp to the radiator
4. Install the radiator to condenser bolts. Install the retaining clip to the condenser line.
5. Raise the vehicle.
6. Connect the radiator outlet hose and the clamp to the radiator.
7. Install the splash shield that is below the radiator outlet hose.
8. Install the cooling fan.
9. Connect the lower transaxle oil cooler line to the radiator (Automatic Transmission). Tighten the
transaxle oil cooler line fitting to 22 ft. lbs. (30 N.m).
10. Lower the vehicle.
11. Connect the radiator inlet hose and the clamp to the radiator.
12. Connect the upper transaxle oil cooler line to the radiator (Automatic Transmission). Tighten the
transaxle oil cooler line fitting to 22 ft. lbs. (30 N.m).
13. Connect the air intake duct assembly.
14. Fill the cooling system. Bleed cooling system and check for leaks. See COOLING SYSTEM
BLEEDING .

NOTE: After servicing the cooling system, an intermittent low coolant lamp may
illuminate during extreme driving maneuvers. In order to eliminate this
condition, remove the surge tank cap and add coolant to a level at or
above the split line of the tank when the system is cold.

RADIATOR (ALERO)

CAUTION: Before servicing any electrical component, the ignition key must be in the

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OFF or LOCK position and all electrical loads must be OFF, unless
instructed otherwise in these procedures. If a tool or equipment could
easily come in contact with a live exposed electrical terminal, also
disconnect the negative battery cable. Failure to follow these precautions
may cause personal injury and/or damage to the vehicle or its
components.

NOTE: When adding coolant, it is important that you use GM Goodwrench DEX-COOL
(tm) coolant. If coolant other than DEX-COOL(tm) is added to the system, the
engine coolant will require change sooner: at 30,000 miles (50 000 km) or 24
months.

Removal

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Disconnect positive battery cable. Remove the retainer bolt and
retainer. Remove the battery and battery insulator from vehicle.
2. Remove the battery tray screws and the battery tray.
3. Evacuate the A/C system using approved recover and recycling procedures. See EVACUATING A/C
SYSTEM .
4. Drain the cooling system. Recover the coolant.
5. Remove the upper radiator hose.
6. Remove the upper transaxle cooler line.
7. Remove the coolant surge tank hose.
8. Remove the condenser inlet fitting from the discharge hose.
9. Disconnect the cooling fan electrical connection.
10. Raise the vehicle. See JACKING & HOISTING in SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES article in
WHEEL ALIGNMENT.
11. Remove the lower closeout panel.
12. Remove the lower radiator hose from the radiator.
13. Remove the lower transaxle cooler line.
14. Remove the evaporator line from the condenser outlet.
15. Remove the lower radiator mounting panel.
16. Remove the radiator, fan and condenser as an assembly from the vehicle.
17. Remove the condenser from the radiator.
18. Remove the fan shroud from the radiator.

Installation

1. Install the fan shroud to the radiator.

2. Install the condenser to the radiator. Tighten the bolt to 44 INCH lbs. (5 N.m).
3. Install the radiator, fan, and condenser as an assembly to the vehicle.

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4. Install the lower radiator mounting panel. Tighten the bolts to 89 INCH lbs. (10 N.m)
5. Install the condenser outlet to the evaporator line. Tighten the bolt to 18 ft. lbs. (25 N.m).
6. Install the lower radiator hose to the radiator.
7. Install the lower closeout panel.
8. Lower the vehicle. Install the cooling fan electrical connection.
9. Install the lower transaxle cooler line. Tighten the bolt to 22 ft. lbs. (30 N.m).
10. Install the condenser inlet fitting to the discharge hose. Tighten the bolt to 18 ft. lbs. (25 N.m).
11. Install the coolant surge tank hose.
12. Install the upper transaxle cooler line. Tighten the bolt to 22 ft. lbs. (30 N.m).
13. Install the upper radiator hose.
14. Refill the cooling system.
15. Recharge the A/C system. See CHARGING A/C SYSTEM in GENERAL SERVICING article in
HEATING & AIR CONDITIONING.
16. Install the battery tray.
17. Install the battery.
18. Start engine. Bleed cooling system. See COOLING SYSTEM BLEEDING . Inspect the cooling system
for leaks.

NOTE: After servicing the cooling system, and if the vehicle is equipped with an
intermittent low coolant light, an occasional low coolant light may be
encountered during some extreme driving maneuvers. This complaint should
be eliminated by removing the surge tank cap and adding coolant to a level just
at or above the full cold line when the system is cold.

RADIATOR (CAVALIER & SUNFIRE)

CAUTION: Before servicing any electrical component, the ignition key must be in the
OFF or LOCK position and all electrical loads must be OFF, unless
instructed otherwise in these procedures. If a tool or equipment could
easily come in contact with a live exposed electrical terminal, also
disconnect the negative battery cable. Failure to follow these precautions
may cause personal injury and/or damage to the vehicle or its
components.

NOTE: When adding coolant, it is important that you use GM Goodwrench DEX-COOL
(tm) coolant. If coolant other than DEX-COOL(tm) is added to the system, the
engine coolant will require change sooner: at 30,000 miles (50 000 km) or 24
months.

Removal

1. Disconnect the negative battery cable.

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2. Disable the SIR system. See DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM in AIR BAG
RESTRAINT SYSTEMS article in RESTRAINTS.
3. Drain the engine coolant. Recover the coolant.
4. Remove the hood latch support from the radiator upper tie bar.
5. Remove the right and left headlamp assemblies by removing the upper air intake splash shield. Remove
the headlamp assembly bolts. Remove the socket/bulb. Remove the housing/lens assembly from the
bracket. Remove the screws and the adjusters if necessary.
6. Remove the radiator upper mounting bolts and the upper radiator mounts
7. Raise and suitably support the vehicle. See JACKING & HOISTING in SPECIFICATIONS &
PROCEDURES article in WHEEL ALIGNMENT.
8. Remove the SIR Connector Position Assurance (CPA) from the inflatable restraint front end forward
discriminating sensor harness connector. Disconnect the inflatable restraint front end discriminating
sensor harness connector from the sensor. Note routing of harness for installation reference.
9. Remove the cooling fan assembly. Raise the vehicle. Remove the cooling fan mounting bolt. Disconnect
the electrical connector from the cooling fan. Remove the cooling fan assembly by pulling the fan
assembly out through the bottom of the vehicle.
10. Disconnect the radiator outlet hose from the radiator.
11. Disconnect the lower transmission oil cooler line from the radiator.
12. Lower the vehicle.
13. Remove the hood latch support bracket and the forward discriminating sensor with the harness.
14. Disconnect the upper transmission oil cooler line from the radiator.
15. Disconnect the radiator inlet hose from the radiator.
16. Disconnect the surge tank inlet hose and the clamp from the radiator.
17. Remove the condenser from the radiator, if equipped. It is not necessary to discharge the A/C System.
18. Remove the radiator assembly from the vehicle.

Installation

1. Install the radiator assembly to the vehicle.

2. Install the condenser to the radiator.
3. Connect the surge tank overflow hose to the radiator.
4. Install the hood latch bracket. Route the forward discriminating sensor harness.
5. Raise the vehicle.
6. Install the cooling fan assembly.
7. Connect the lower transmission oil cooler line to the radiator. Tighten the lower transmission oil cooler
line to 27 ft. lbs. (36 N.m).
8. Connect the radiator outlet hose to the radiator.
9. Connect the forward discriminating sensor harness connector.
10. Lower the vehicle.
11. Connect the radiator inlet hose to the radiator.
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12. Connect the upper transmission oil cooler line to the radiator. Tighten the upper transmission oil cooler
line to 27 ft. lbs. (36 N.m).
13. Install the upper radiator mount bolts to the upper tie bar. Tighten the radiator upper mount bolts to 89
INCH lbs. (10 N.m).
14. Install the hood latch support.
15. Install the right and the left headlamp assemblies.
16. Install and adjust the hood latch assembly.
17. Refill the cooling system.
18. Enable the SIR system.
19. Connect the negative battery cable. Tighten the negative battery cable bolt to 11 ft. lbs. (15 N.m).
20. Start the engine. Bleed cooling system as necessary. See COOLING SYSTEM BLEEDING . After the
engine reaches normal operating temperature, inspect for coolant leaks.
21. Inspect the headlamp for proper operation. Adjust headlamps if necessary.

NOTE: After servicing the cooling system, and if the vehicle is equipped with an
intermittent low coolant light, an occasional low coolant light may be
encountered during some extreme driving maneuvers. This complaint should
be eliminated by removing the surge tank cap and adding coolant to a level just
at or above the full cold line when the system is cold.

RADIATOR (MALIBU)

CAUTION: Before servicing any electrical component, the ignition key must be in the
OFF or LOCK position and all electrical loads must be OFF, unless
instructed otherwise in these procedures. If a tool or equipment could
easily come in contact with a live exposed electrical terminal, also
disconnect the negative battery cable. Failure to follow these precautions
may cause personal injury and/or damage to the vehicle or its
components.

NOTE: When adding coolant, it is important that you use GM Goodwrench DEX-COOL
(tm) coolant. If coolant other than DEX-COOL(tm) is added to the system, the
engine coolant will require change sooner: at 30,000 miles (50 000 km) or 24
months.

Removal

1. Remove the negative battery cable.

2. Evacuate and recover the A/C system refrigerant. See A/C SYSTEM GENERAL SERVICING article
in HEATING & AIR CONDITIONING.
3. Drain the cooling system.
4. Remove the upper radiator hose.

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5. Remove the upper transaxle cooler line.

6. Remove the coolant surge tank hose.
7. Remove the condenser inlet fitting from discharge hose.
8. Remove the lower transaxle cooler line.
9. Disconnect the cooling fan electrical connection.
10. Raise and suitably support the vehicle. See JACKING & HOISTING in SPECIFICATIONS &
PROCEDURES article in WHEEL ALIGNMENT.
11. Remove the lower closeout panel.
12. Remove the lower radiator hose from the radiator.
13. Remove the evaporator line from the condenser outlet.
14. Remove the Lower Radiator Mounting Panel.
15. Remove the CRFM from the vehicle.
16. Remove the condenser from the radiator.
17. Remove the fan shroud from the radiator.

Installation

1. Install the fan shroud to the radiator

2. Install the condenser to the radiator. Tighten the bolt to 44 INCH lbs. (5 N.m).
3. Install the CRFM to the vehicle.
4. Install the lower radiator mounting panel. Tighten the bolts to 89 INCH lbs. (10 N.m).
5. Install the condenser outlet to the evaporator line. Tighten the bolt to 18 ft. lbs. (25 N.m).
6. Install the lower radiator hose to the radiator.
7. Install the lower closeout panel.
8. Lower the vehicle. Install the cooling fan electrical connection.
9. Install the lower transaxle cooler line. Tighten the bolt to 22 ft. lbs. (30 N.m).
10. Install the condenser inlet fitting to the discharge hose. Tighten the bolt to 18 ft. lbs. (25 N.m).
11. Install the coolant surge tank hose.
12. Install the upper transaxle cooler line. Tighten the bolt to 22 ft. lbs. (30 N.m).
13. Install the upper radiator hose.
14. Refill the cooling system.
15. Recharge the A/C system. See CHARGING A/C SYSTEM in A/C SYSTEM GENERAL SERVICING
article in HEATING & AIR CONDITIONING.
16. Connect the negative battery cable. Tighten the bolt to 12 ft. lbs. (16 N.m).
17. Inspect for leaks.

NOTE: After servicing the cooling system, and if the vehicle is equipped with an
intermittent low coolant light, an occasional low coolant light may be
encountered during some extreme driving maneuvers. This complaint should
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be eliminated by removing the surge tank cap and adding coolant to a level just
at or above the full cold line when the system is cold.

THERMOSTAT

CAUTION: Before servicing any electrical component, the ignition key must be in the
OFF or LOCK position and all electrical loads must be OFF, unless
instructed otherwise in these procedures. If a tool or equipment could
easily come in contact with a live exposed electrical terminal, also
disconnect the negative battery cable. Failure to follow these precautions
may cause personal injury and/or damage to the vehicle or its
components.

NOTE: When adding coolant, use DEX-COOL(R) coolant. If silicated coolant is added to
the system, premature engine, heater core or radiator corrosion may result. In
addition, the engine coolant will require change sooner at 30,000 miles or 24
months.

NOTE: Use the correct fastener in the correct location. Replacement fasteners must be
the correct part number for that application. Fasteners requiring replacement or
fasteners requiring the use of thread locking compound or sealant are identified
in the service procedure. DO NOT use paints, lubricants, or corrosion inhibitors
on fasteners or fastener joint surfaces unless specified. These coatings affect
fastener torque and joint clamping force and may damage the fastener. Use the
correct tightening sequence and specifications when installing fasteners in
order to avoid damage to parts and systems.

Removal & Installation

1. Disconnect the negative battery cable. Drain the coolant until the coolant level is below the thermostat.
See COOLING SYSTEM BLEEDING .
2. Remove the exhaust manifold heat shield. Remove the radiator outlet bolts (1). See Fig. 14 . Remove
cover to the outlet pipe through exhaust manifold runners. Raise and support vehicle.
3. Disconnect the radiator outlet hose (1) and the clamp (2) from the radiator outlet pipe (3). See Fig. 15 .
Remove the radiator outlet pipe (1) to oil pan (2) stud (3). See Fig. 16 .
4. Remove the cover to the outlet pipe bolt. Remove the thermostat (2) and the seal (1) from the outlet pipe
(3). See Fig. 17 . Clean the mating surfaces of the radiator outlet pipe and the coolant pump cover.
5. To install, reverse removal procedure. Tighten all fasteners to specification. See TORQUE
SPECIFICATIONS . Fill the cooling system. Connect the negative battery cable. Inspect for leaks.

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Fig. 14: Removing/Installing Radiator Outlet Bolts

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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Fig. 15: Disconnecting Radiator Outlet Hose

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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Fig. 16: Removing/Installing Radiator Outlet Pipe-To-Oil-Pan Stud

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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Fig. 17: Removing/Installing Thermostat & Seal

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

WATER PUMP

Removal

1. Water pump is driven by timing chain idler and is mounted on rear of timing chain housing. See Fig. 18 .
Disconnect negative battery cable. Drain cooling system. Disconnect oxygen sensor connector.
2. Remove upper exhaust manifold heat shield. Remove exhaust manifold brace. Remove lower exhaust
manifold heat shield. Loosen exhaust manifold-to-exhaust manifold spring loaded nuts. Remove radiator
outlet pipe to water pump cover bolts. Disconnect exhaust pipe from manifold.
3. Pull down on exhaust pipe to disconnect if from exhaust manifold bolts. See EXHAUST MANIFOLD .
Disconnect outlet pipe from oil pan and transaxle. If equipped with manual transaxle, remove exhaust
manifold brace. Leave lower radiator hose attached and pull down on radiator outlet pipe to disengage
from water pump. Leave outlet pipe hanging.
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4. Lower vehicle. Remove exhaust manifold to cylinder head nuts. Remove exhaust manifold. Remove
timing chain front cover. See FRONT COVER . Remove timing chain tensioner. See TIMING CHAIN,
SPROCKETS & TENSIONER . Remove bolts securing water pump cover to cylinder block. Remove
water pump-to-timing chain housing nuts.
5. Remove water pump attaching nuts. Remove water pump and cover assembly. Separate components as
necessary.

Installation

NOTE: Before installing water pump, read entire installation procedure. It contains
important information about tightening sequences that affect sealing.

1. Install the water pump cover to the coolant pump assembly

2. Install the water pump bolts. Finger tighten bolts.
3. Install the cover to block bolts. Finger tighten bolts.
4. Install the pump to chain housing nuts. Finger tighten the nuts.
5. Tighten bolts and nuts to specification in following sequence. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table.

Pump Assembly-To-Timing Chain Housing Nuts.

Pump Cover-To-Pump Body Bolts.

Pump Cover-To-Cylinder Block Bolts (Bottom Bolt First).

Outlet Pipe-To-Cover Bolts.

6. Fill cooling system.

Add two coolant pellets (GM P/N 3634621) or equivalent, when the cooling system is serviced or
drained for service procedures.

The pellets must be added to the radiator or the pressurized water reservoir.

Crush the pellets prior to installation.

DO NOT place the pellets into a non-pressurized coolant recovery reservoir. On these systems, the
pellets must be added to the radiator.

The sealant pellets may leave a film on the sides of the pressurized and non-pressurized water
recovery reservoirs. This film is normal.

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Fig. 18: Exploded View Of Water Pump Assembly

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

OIL PAN

Removal

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Raise and support vehicle. Drain crankcase. Drain cooling system.
Remove flywheel cover. Remove right front wheel. Remove splash shield. Remove serpentine drive belt.
Remove air conditioning compressor lower bolts.
2. Remove transaxle-to-engine brace. Remove engine mount strut bracket. Remove radiator outlet pipe
bolts. Remove outlet pipes from oil pan. Remove exhaust manifold brace.
3. Remove bolt and nut securing oil pan to flywheel cover. Remove flywheel cover stud (for clearance
during removal). Disconnect radiator outlet pipe from lower radiator hose and oil pan. Disconnect oil
level sensor connector. Remove oil pan bolts, pan and gasket.

Installation

If oil pan gasket is not damaged, reuse it. Install oil pan and gasket. Loosely install oil pan bolts. Place spacer in
approximate installed location, but allow clearance to tighten pan bolt located directly above spacer. Tighten oil
pan bolts to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table. To complete installation, reverse removal
procedure.

BALANCE SHAFT CHAIN COVER

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
1998-99 ENGINES 2.4L 4-Cylinder

Removal & Installation

Remove negative battery cable. Remove oil pan. See OIL PAN . Remove balance shaft cover retainers and
cover. To install, reverse removal procedure.

BALANCE SHAFT CHAIN TENSIONER

Removal

Remove balance shaft chain cover. See BALANCE SHAFT CHAIN COVER . Remove balance shaft chain
guide. Remove tensioner assembly. See Fig. 24 .

Installation

1. Install chain guide. Loosely install adjustment bolt at chain guide. Adjust chain tension as follows: Insert
a .040" (1.0 mm) brass feeler gauge between chain and guide. See Fig. 25 . Press chain against guide with
3 lbs. (1.4 kg) of force.
2. Tighten chain guide adjustment bolt to specification. Press chain against guide with 3 lbs. (1.4 kg) of
force.
3. Tighten chain guide adjustment bolt to specification. Install chain cover. Tighten cover nut and bolt to
specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table. To complete installation, reverse removal
procedure.

BALANCE SHAFT ASSEMBLY

Removal & Installation

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Remove oil pan. See OIL PAN . Remove balance shaft cover retainers
and cover. Loosen but do not remove chain tensioner. Remove oil pump cover. Remove oil pump. Rotate
crankshaft until No. 1 piston is at TDC. Install Balance Shaft Holder (41088) to prevent shafts from
turning. See Fig. 21 .

CAUTION: Bolt securing driven sprocket to balance shaft is a left-hand thread

bolt. Turn bolt clockwise to remove or counterclockwise to install.
DO NOT reuse bolt, as sprocket may slip.

2. Remove balance shaft driven sprocket bolt. Mark outside surfaces of sprockets for reassembly reference,
and remove driven sprocket. Remove balance shaft assembly bolts and remove assembly.

Inspection

1. Check end play with a dial indicator. Set up indicator to read off back of shafts. Press against one shaft
and note movement. Repeat for other shaft. Backlash should be .0003-.0034" (.008-.086 mm).
2. Note that balance shafts must be pulled in same direction to ensure proper reading. If out of
specifications, check thrust plate for wear. If end play is excessive and thrust plate is not worn, replace
balance shafts.
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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
1998-99 ENGINES 2.4L 4-Cylinder

Installation

NOTE: Balance shafts and drive chains must be replaced as a pair.

1. Install balance shaft assembly to engine and tighten to specifications. Use Sealer (12345493) on bolts.
See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table. Install balance shaft driven sprocket. Tighten NEW left-hand
thread bolt to specification, with Balance Shaft Holder (41088) installed to prevent shafts from turning.
See Fig. 21 . See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table.
2. Install oil pump. Install balance shaft tensioner and tighten and adjust. See BALANCE SHAFT CHAIN
TENSIONER . Install balance shaft chain cover. See BALANCE SHAFT CHAIN COVER . To
complete installation, reverse removal procedure.

BALANCE SHAFT DRIVE CHAIN

Removal

1. Remove engine and transaxle. See ENGINE . Remove starter motor. Remove transaxle from engine.
Remove flexplate/flywheel. Remove crankshaft balancer from engine. See FRONT COVER . Install
engine to stand.
2. Remove bolts and remove ignition coil and module assembly by pulling it straight up. See Fig. 12 .
Remove spark plugs. Remove engine front cover. See FRONT COVER . Rotate engine to "timed"
position and remove timing chain.
3. Remove timing chain housing. See TIMING CHAIN HOUSING . Rotate engine on stand 180 degrees
and remove oil pan. See OIL PAN . Remove balance shaft assembly. See BALANCE SHAFT
ASSEMBLY . Remove crankshaft and balance shaft drive chain. See Fig. 23 .

Installation

Install crankshaft and balance shaft drive chain. Install balance shaft assembly. See BALANCE SHAFT
ASSEMBLY . Install oil pan. Rotate engine 180 degrees on stand. Install timing chain housing. See TIMING
CHAIN HOUSING . To complete installation, reverse removal procedures.

BALANCE SHAFT COMPONENTS

Removal

Remove balance shaft assembly. See BALANCE SHAFT ASSEMBLY . Remove attaching bolts and split
housings. See Fig. 19 . Remove shafts, bearings and thrust plate from housing.

Inspection

1. Clean all parts in solvent. Inspect housing for cracks, scored bearing bores and damaged threads. If
housing is damaged, replace entire assembly. Check all sprocket teeth for bent, broken, chipped or other
damage. Check sprocket for burrs, damaged bolt hole or scored surfaces. Inspect shafts for scores or
burrs, cracks or missing pieces.
2. Inspect balance shaft journals for correct diameter, and out-of-round. Check balance shaft gear backlash.
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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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See inspection procedure under BALANCE SHAFT ASSEMBLY . Inspect bearings for damage.
Determine clearance with Plastigage or by measuring journal and bearing diameters. Bearing clearance
should be .0017-.0044" (.044-.111 mm).
3. Inspect thrust plate for gouges or burrs and measure thickness. Thrust plate thickness should be .1159-
.1199 (2.945-3.045 mm).

Installation

1. Install thrust plate and tighten to specifications. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table. Install bearing
halves into housing and lubricate. Install balance shaft and balance shaft gear subassemblies into housing.
Make sure timing marks line up. See Fig. 20 .
2. Install upper housing half to lower half. Tighten bolts to initial torque of 44 INCH lbs. (5 N.m). Final
tightening will be accomplished after installation on engine. See Fig. 22 . To complete installation,
reverse removal procedure.

NOTE: DO NOT install oil pump pickup screen until housing bolts have been
tightened to final specification.

BALANCE SHAFT TIMING

Removal & Installation

1. Place No. 1 piston at TDC. Rotate crankshaft an additional 90 degrees in either direction (keyway on
crankshaft should be aligned with split line of main bearing). See Fig. 21 . Rotate balance shafts as
necessary, then install Balance Shaft Holder (J-41088) onto ends of balance shafts. Balance shafts are
now timed in relation to crankshaft.
2. Install chain and driven sprocket onto balance shaft. If installing old sprocket, ensure same surface of
sprocket, as when removed, faces balance shaft. If installing NEW sprocket, either surface of sprocket
can be placed against balance shaft.
3. Install and finger-tighten (left-hand threads). Install chain guide. While tightly pressing chain guide
against chain, temporarily install and tighten chain guide adjustment bolt. Tighten NEW sprocket bolt to
specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS table. Remove balance shaft holder from ends of
balance shafts.

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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Fig. 19: Partially Exploded View Of Balance Shaft Housing

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
1998-99 ENGINES 2.4L 4-Cylinder

Fig. 20: Aligning Timing Marks On Balance Shafts

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
1998-99 ENGINES 2.4L 4-Cylinder

Fig. 21: Timing Balance Shafts In Relation To Crankshaft

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
1998-99 ENGINES 2.4L 4-Cylinder

Fig. 22: Balance Shaft Upper-to-Lower Housing Bolt Tightening Sequence

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
1998-99 ENGINES 2.4L 4-Cylinder

Fig. 23: Balance Shaft Housing-to-Block Torque Sequence

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
1998-99 ENGINES 2.4L 4-Cylinder

Fig. 24: Exploded View Of Balance Shaft Chain Cover & Guide
Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
1998-99 ENGINES 2.4L 4-Cylinder

Fig. 25: Adjusting Balance Shaft Chain

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

OVERHAUL
CYLINDER HEAD

Gasket Surfaces

Using a straightedge and feeler gauge, measure warpage of cylinder head deck surface and manifold surfaces. If
warp is less than .003" (.076 mm), cylinder head is okay and does not require resurfacing. If warp is .003-
.010" (.076-.25 mm), resurface head. See CYLINDER HEAD table under ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS. If
warpage exceeds .010" (.25 mm), replace cylinder head.

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
1998-99 ENGINES 2.4L 4-Cylinder

Valve Springs

Check squareness, free length and pressure of valve springs. See VALVES & VALVE SPRINGS table under
ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS. Replace any spring that is not within specification.

Valve Stem Oil Seals

Remove seals with Seal Remover (J-36017). Install seals with Seal Installer (J-36007).

Valve Guides

If stem-to-guide oil clearance exceeds specification, ream valve guide with GM Reamer (J-36019-A) and/or
replace valve. See VALVES & VALVE SPRINGS and CYLINDER HEAD tables under ENGINE
SPECIFICATIONS. Information on valve guide replacement is not available from manufacturer.

Valve Seats

Set seat angle and seat width to specification. See CYLINDER HEAD table under ENGINE
SPECIFICATIONS. Remove only enough metal to clean seat. Valve seat replacement information is not
available from manufacturer.

Valve Face

If resurfacing valve face, remove only enough metal to clean face. Set face angle to specification. See VALVES
& VALVE SPRINGS table under ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS.

Valve Dimensions

If valve dimensions are not as specified, replace valve. See VALVES & VALVE SPRINGS table under
ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS.

Valve Seat Correction Angles

If seat and face make contact too close to valve stem, grind seat with a 20-degree stone. If seat and face make
contact too close to valve margin, grind seat with a 70-degree stone.

Valve Installed Height

Valve installed height is distance from tip of valve stem to top of camshaft housing. If installed height is not as
specified, grind valve seat or replace valve as necessary. See VALVES & VALVE SPRINGS table under
ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS.

CAMSHAFT HOUSING

Measure valve lifter O.D. and lifter bore I.D. Determine oil clearance. Inspect camshaft housing warpage.
Replace components if necessary. See VALVE LIFTERS table under ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS.

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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CYLINDER BLOCK ASSEMBLY

Piston & Rod

Orientation Arrow on top of piston must face front of engine. Oil hole in connecting rod must face exhaust
manifold side of engine. See Fig. 26 .

Piston Pin

Remove retainer rings from each end of pin bore. No special tools are required to remove and install piston pin.
If piston fit is not within specification, replace piston and/or pin. See PISTONS, PINS & RINGS table under
ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS.

Fitting Pistons

Measure diameter of piston at a 90-degree angle to piston pin, at .47" (12 mm) up from center of piston skirt
tail. If piston clearance exceeds specification, replace pistons and/or machine cylinders. See PISTONS, PINS
& RINGS and CYLINDER BLOCK tables under ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS.

Piston Rings

If end gap or side clearance exceeds specification, replace piston and/or rings. See PISTONS, PINS & RINGS
table under ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS. Ring No. 2 (second ring) must be installed with mark on ring flat
facing upward. Before installing piston, stagger ring end gaps 120 degrees apart. See Fig. 26 .

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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Fig. 26: Installing Piston & Rings

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

Rod Bearings

1. Mark cylinder number on bearing caps for reassembly reference. If connecting rod side clearance exceeds
specification, replace connecting rod and/or crankshaft as necessary. See CONNECTING RODS table
under ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS.
2. If connecting rod journal dimensions are not within specification, replace crankshaft. If oil clearance is
not within proper specification, replace connecting rod bearings. See CRANKSHAFT, MAIN &
CONNECTING ROD BEARINGS table under ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS.

Crankshaft & Main Bearings

Main bearing caps are numbered 1 through 5. If main bearing journal dimensions are not within specification,
replace crankshaft. See CRANKSHAFT, MAIN & CONNECTING ROD BEARINGS table under ENGINE
SPECIFICATIONS. If oil clearance is not within specification, replace bearings.

Thrust Bearing

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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Thrust bearing is part of main bearing No. 3. Using a rubber mallet, tap crankshaft forward then rearward to seat
thrust bearing. With main bearing cap bolts tight, check crankshaft end play. If end play exceeds specification,
replace main bearing No. 3 and/or crankshaft. See CRANKSHAFT, MAIN & CONNECTING ROD
BEARINGS table under ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS.

Crankshaft Balance Shaft Drive Sprocket

1. Inspect sprocket. If replacement is required, drill a hole between 2 teeth of sprocket. Split gear with a
chisel to remove it from crankshaft. Ensure crankshaft is free of burrs.
2. Preheat oven to 392°F (200°C) for one hour. Smear some Tempilstik (J-24731-425) material onto teeth of
replacement sprocket. Heat gear in oven for 25-30 minutes or until Tempilstik starts to melt. Install gear
on crankshaft, ensuring it is fully seated against counterweight.

Cylinder Bores

Measure diameter of cylinder bore at midstroke. If cylinder dimensions are not as specified, machine cylinder as
necessary and/or replace piston. See CYLINDER BLOCK table under ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS.

Cylinder Block Deck Warpage

If cylinder block deck warpage exceeds specification, machine cylinder head. See CYLINDER BLOCK table
under ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS. DO NOT remove more than .010" (.25 mm) of material from original
surface.

ENGINE OILING
ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEM

Oil pump is located near rear end of balance shaft housing (accessible after oil pan has been removed). A chain
at rear end of crankshaft drives long balance shaft, which drives short balance shaft. Short balance shaft drives
oil pump. Oil is forced through oil filter to main gallery. See Fig. 28 . If oil filter becomes clogged, a by-pass
valve in cylinder block opens.

From main gallery, oil is distributed to balance shafts, crankshaft, timing chain hydraulic tensioner, lifters, and
camshaft. Main bearings and connecting rod bearings are oiled through passages in crankshaft. Cylinder walls
are oiled through a hole in connecting rod. Oil passes through oil flow check valve, into cylinder head, and then
into each camshaft housing.

Oil is fed to valve lifters and camshaft bearings. Crankcase Capacity Oil capacity is 4 qts. (3.8L) without oil
filter. When checking oil pressure, ensure that engine is at normal operating temperature. Oil pressure should be
at least 10 psi (69.0 kPa) at 900 RPM, or 30 psi (206.9 kPa) at 2000 RPM.

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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Fig. 27: Exploded View Of Oil Pump

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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Fig. 28: Cross-Sectional View Of Engine Oil Circuit

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

OIL PUMP

WARNING: Spring under relief valve (pressure regulator) is under pressure. When
removing roll pin, relief valve may be ejected from bore.

Removal

Remove oil pan. See OIL PAN under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION. Remove balance shaft chain cover.
See BALANCE SHAFT CHAIN COVER under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION. Remove chain tensioner.
See BALANCE SHAFT CHAIN TENSIONER under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION. Remove oil pump
cover and oil pump.

Disassembly & Inspection

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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Remove oil pump cover. See Fig. 27 . Remove oil pump body and gerotor. To remove relief valve, carefully
remove drift pin (valve is under spring pressure). If oil pump components are damaged or if clearances and
component dimensions are not within specification, replace oil pump. See OIL PUMP SPECIFICATIONS
table.

Reassembly & Installation

Coat components with oil. Pack oil pump cavities with petroleum jelly (to primes oil pump). To reassemble and
install, reverse removal and disassembly procedure. Tighten bolts to specification. See TORQUE
SPECIFICATIONS table.

OIL PUMP SPECIFICATIONS

Application In. (mm)
Drive-To-Driven Gear Backlash .0029-.0055 (.075-.140)
Gerotor Cavity
Depth .6023-.6043 (15.30-15.35)
Diameter 1.773-1.775 (45.05-45.10)
Gerotor Tip Clearance (Maximum) .006 (.15)
Outer Gerotor Diameter Clearance .0019-.0059 (.050-.150)
Outer Gerotor Thickness .5994-.6003 (15.225-15.250)

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
Application Ft. Lbs. (N.m)
Balance Shaft Driven Sprocket Bolt (1)

Step 1 30 (40)
Step 2 Additional 45 Degrees
Balance Shaft Housing-To-Block Bolt (2)
Step 1
13 mm Hex Bolt 18 (25)
15 mm Hex Bolt 39 (53)
18 mm Hex Bolt 30 (40)
Step 2
13 mm Hex Bolt Additional 70
Degrees
15 mm Hex Bolt Leave Alone
18 mm Hex Bolt Additional 60
Degrees
Balance Shaft Lower-To-Upper Housing Bolt
Step 1 (3)

Step 2 (All Bolts) Additional 40°

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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Balance Shaft Thrust Plate Bolt 10 (14)

Camshaft Housing Bolt (4) (5)

Step 1 11 (15)
Step 2 (6)

Camshaft Sprocket Bolt (7) 52 (70)

Clutch Cover (Pressure Plate) Bolt (1998)
Step 1 15 (20)
Step 2 Additional 45°
Connecting Rod Nut
Step 1 18 (24)
Step 2 Additional 80°
Coolant Outlet Bolt 19 (26)
Crankshaft Balancer Bolt
Step 1 129 (175)
Step 2 Additional 90°
Crankshaft Bearing Cap Bolt
Step 1 15 (20)
Step 2 Additional 90°
Cylinder Head Bolt
Step 1
Bolts 1-8 40 (65)
Bolts 9-10 30 (40)
Step 2 (All Bolts) Additional 90°
EGR Pipe-To-Adapter Nut 19 (26)
Engine Mount Bracket-To-Block Bolt
Step 1 44 (60)
Step 2 Additional 45°
Engine Mount-To-Body Support Nut (Right Side) 49 (66)
Engine Mount-To-Bracket Bolt (Right Side) 46 (62)
Engine Strut-To-Bracket Through-Bolt 74 (100)
Exhaust Manifold Brace Bolt 41 (56)
Exhaust Manifold Brace Nut 19 (26)
Exhaust Manifold Heat Shield Bolt 10 (14)
Exhaust Manifold-To-Cylinder Head Nuts 11 (15)
Exhaust Pipe-To-Manifold Nut 26 (35)
Flywheel/Flexplate Bolt
Step 1 22 (30)
Step 2 Additional 45°
Fuel Pipe Bracket Bolt
Step 1 11 (15)
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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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Step 2 Additional 30°

Fuel Rail Bolt 19 (26)
Ignition Coil & Module Bolt(4) 16 (22)
Intake Manifold Bolt 18 (24)
Oil Pan-To-Cylinder Block 18 (24)
Oil Pump-To-Balance Shaft Housing Bolt
Long 9 (12)
Short 8 (10)
Radiator Outlet Pipe-To-Oil Pan Stud 18 (25)
Throttle Body Bolt 8 (10)
Timing Chain Housing
To Camshaft Housing Bolt 19 (26)
To Cylinder Block Bolt 21 (29)
Torque Converter Bolt 46 (62)
Water Pump
To Cylinder Block Bolt 19 (26)
To Timing Chain Housing Nut 19 (26)
To Water Pump Cover Bolt 10 (14)
INCH Lbs. (N.m)
Balance Shaft & Chain Guide Tensioner 115 (13)
Crankshaft Rear Oil Seal Housing Bolt 106 (12)
Engine Front Cover Bolt 106 (12)
Exhaust Manifold Nut 115 (13)
Oil Pan Bolt-To-Timing Chain Housing 106 (12)
Oil Pan-To-Seal Housing 106 (12)
Radiator Outlet Pipe-To-Coolant Pump Cover Bolts 124 (14)
Radiator Upper Mount Bolt 89 (10)
Timing Chain Tensioner Bolt 89 (10)
(1) Left-hand threads. Replace bolt after one use.

(2) Tighten in sequence. See Fig. 23 .

(3) Tighten bolts evenly. Tighten all bolts to 89 INCH lbs. (10N.m). Tighten 2 bolts next to balance shaft
drive chain to 11 ft. lbs. (15 N.m). Finally, tighten all bolts an additional 40 degrees.
(4) Apply Pipe Sealant (1052080) to bolt threads.

(5) Tighten in sequence. See Fig. 13 .

(6) Tighten bolts No. 1-10 an additional 90 degrees. Tighten bolts No. 11 and 12 an additional 30
degrees.
(7) Apply Adhesive/Sealant (12345493) to bolt threads.

ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS
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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Application Specification
Displacement 146 Cu. In. (2.4L)
Bore 3.54" (90.0 mm)
Stroke 3.70" (94.0 mm)
Compression Ratio 9.5:1
Fuel System SFI

CRANKSHAFT, MAIN & CONNECTING ROD BEARINGS

Application In. (mm)
Crankshaft
End Play .0034-.0096 (.087-.243)
Runout .002 (.05)
Main Bearings
Journal Diameter 2.3622-2.3631 (60.000-60.024)
Journal Out-Of-Round .0002 (.005)
Journal Taper .0003 (.007)
Oil Clearance .00039-.0023 (.010-.060)
Thrust Bearing Width (1) 1.0959-1.0989 (27.837-27.913)
Connecting Rod Bearings
Journal Diameter 1.8887-1.8897 (47.975-48.000)
Journal Out-Of-Round .0002 (.005)
Journal Taper .0003 (.007)
Journal Width .920-.935 (23.37-23.75)
Oil Clearance .00039-.00260 (.010-.068)
(1) Including fillets.

CONNECTING RODS
Application In. (mm)
Bore Diameter
Piston Pin Bore .8664-.8672 (22.007-22.027)
Crankpin Bore 2.0144-2.0155 (51.167-51.193)
Center-To-Center Length 5.7066-5.7106 (144.95-145.05)
Rod Width
Small End .9122-.9142 (23.170-23.220)
Large End .9122-.9142 (23.170-23.220)
Maximum Bend (1)

Maximum Twist (1)

Side Play .006-.018 (.15-.45)

Replace rod if any bend or twist exists.
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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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(1)

PISTONS, PINS & RINGS

Application In. (mm)
Pistons
Piston Clearance .0004-.0017 (.010-.042)
Piston Diameter 3.5420-3.5427 (89.968-89.984)
Pin Bore Diameter .8662-.8664 (22.002-22.006)
Ring Groove Width
Ring No. 1 .048-.049 (1.23-1.25)
Ring No. 2 .060-.061 (1.52-1.54)
Ring No. 3 (Oil) .12 (3.0)
Pins
Diameter .8659-.8661 (21.995-22.000)
Piston Fit .00007-.00043 (.0020-.0110)
Rod Fit .0003-.0013 (.007-.032)
End Play .000-.024 (.00-.60)
Rings
No. 1
Thickness .0461-.0469 (1.170-1.190)
End Gap .006-.012 (.15-.30)
Side Clearance .0016-.0031 (.040-.080)
No. 2
Thickness .0578-.0586 (1.470-1.490)
End Gap .0098-.0160 (.25-.40)
Side Clearance .0012-.0028 (.030-.070)
No. 3 (Oil)
Thickness .0151-.0173 (.385-.440)
End Gap .0098-.0299 (.25-.76)

CYLINDER BLOCK
Application In. (mm)
Cylinder Bore
Standard Diameter 3.5110-3.5435 (89.994-90.006)
Maximum Taper (1) .0003 (.008)
Maximum Out-Of-Round .0004 (.010)
Deck Warpage (Maximum) .010" (.254)
(1) Compare diameter measured near top of cylinder with diameter measured 4.20" (106.0 mm) from top
of cylinder block deck.

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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VALVES & VALVE SPRINGS

Application Specification
Intake Valves
Face Angle 46°
Face Runout (Maximum) .0015" (.038 mm)
Head Diameter 1.396-1.399" (35.47-35.53
mm)
Minimum Margin .010" (.25 mm)
Length 4.227" (107.29 mm)
Tip-To-Groove Distance .1346" (3.420 mm)
Stem Diameter .2331-.2339" (5.921-5.941
mm)
Installed Height (1) .9787-1.002" (24.86-25.62
mm)
Exhaust Valves
Face Angle 45.5°
Face Runout (Maximum) .0015" (.038 mm)
Head Diameter 1.137-1.147" (28.87-29.13
mm)
Minimum Margin .010" (.25 mm)
Length 4.259" (108.17 mm)
Tip-To-Groove Distance .1346" (3.420 mm)
Stem Diameter .2326-.2334" (5.908-5.928
mm)
Installed Height (1) .9787-1.002" (24.86-25.62
mm)
Lbs. @ In. (kg @ mm)
Valve Spring Pressure
Valve Closed 50-55 @ 1.44 (22.7-24.9 @
36.5)
Valve Open 122-133 @ 1.06 (55.3-60.3 @
27.0)
(1) Distance from valve stem tip upward to valve cover gasket surface.

CYLINDER HEAD
Application Specification
Maximum Warpage (1) .010" (.25 mm)
Valve Seats
Seat Angle 45°
Seat Width .037-.075" (.94-1.90 mm)
Seat Margin (Minimum) .010" (.25 mm)

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
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Valve Guides
Intake Valve
Valve Guide Inner Diameter (2)

Stem-To-Guide Oil Clearance .0009-.0025" (.025-.069

mm)
Exhaust Valve
Valve Guide Inner Diameter (2)

Stem-To-Guide Oil Clearance .0015-.0032" (.037-.082

mm)
(1) DO NOT resurface if measurement is .003" (.076 mm) or less.
(2) Information not available from manufacturer.

CAMSHAFT SPECIFICATIONS
Application In. (mm)
End Play .0009-.0088 (.025-.225)
Journal Diameter
No. 1 1.572-1.573 (39.93-39.95)
No. 2-5 1.375-1.376 (34.93-34.95)
Lobe Lift
Intake .354 (9.00)
Exhaust .346 (8.80)
Lobe Taper (1) .0018-.0033 (.046-.083)
Oil Clearance .0020-.0043 (.050-.110)
(1) On diameter in .5512" (14 mm) length.

CAMSHAFT HOUSING
Application In. (mm)
Cam Carrier Flatness .0028 (.07 mm)
Camshaft Bore Warpage (1)

Housing-To-Cylinder Head Surface Warpage (2) .0010 (.025)

(1) Information not available from manufacturer.

(2) Per 4.0" (100 mm) of length.

VALVE LIFTERS
Application In. (mm)
Bore Diameter (1)

Lifter Diameter (1)

Oil Clearance .0006-.0023 (.016-.058)

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 1999 Pontiac Grand Am GT
1998-99 ENGINES 2.4L 4-Cylinder

(1) Information not available from manufacturer.

BALANCE SHAFTS
Application In. (mm)
Bearing Inner Diameter 1.1819-1.1835 (30.019-30.061)
Bearing Thickness .0590-.0593 (1.500-1.508)
Bore Roundness .0009 (.025)
End Play .0073-.0179 (.185-.455)
Housing Bore 1.3001-1.3019 (33.025-33.050)
Housing Warpage Maximum .0030 (.076)
Journal Roundness Maximum .0002 (.005)
Journal Taper .00047 (.012)
Oil Clearance .0017-.0044 (.044-.111)
Shaft Journal Outer Diameter 1.1791-1.1801 (29.950-29.975)
Thrust Plate Thickness .1159-.1199 (2.945-3.045)

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