ANAND ENGINEERING COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Electronics Lab (1st Year)
EXPERIMENT
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OBJECT: -Study of various types of Active & Passive Components.
Active Components:-
Active components are devices that can amplify an electric signal and produce power. Any
characteristic active component will comprise an oscillator, transistor or an integrated
circuit. An active component functions as an alternating current circuit in devices. This helps
the device to augment power and voltage. This component can execute its operations because it
is powered by a source of electricity. All active components necessitate some source of energy
which commonly is extracted from a DC circuit.
Transistors:
Transistors are used to amplify current by taking in a small voltage of energy and giving a larger
output of energy. This semiconductor device is one of the most important components that can be
found in many circuit designs. The most popular and commonly used transistors are BC547,
2N2222, and BC557. They can be individualistic or packaged together depending on the
planning of the device. The most commonly used Transistors are they have much functionality
that includes regulation of voltage, amplification, adjusting signals, etc.
Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs):
Silicon Controlled Rectifiers or SCRs for short is a type of power electronics switch. It has three
terminals called Anode, Cathode, and Gate. By default the switch is open and no current flows between
the Anode and Cathode terminals of the SCR. When a small current is applied to the gate pin, the
switch is closed and a large amount of current can be allowed to pass between the Anode
and Cathode terminals. Using a Thyristor/SCR is very similar to that of a BJT (Transistor). The
load to be switched is connected between the anode and cathode and the Thyristor can be switched
ON or OFF by applying a gate current to the gate pin of the Thyristors. The most popular and
commonly used Thyristors are 2N2324 and 2N1595.
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Diodes:
Diodes are tiny active components that are used to direct the flow of energy within the
boundaries of the circuit. The function of the diode is extremely important because it controls
energy flow disabling the damage that could be caused due to the poor flow of energy.
The most popular and commonly used Diodes are 1N4007 Rectifier Diode, 1N4732A 4.7V
Zener Diode, and 1N5817 Schottky diode. You can read this Article on Diode to know
more about the basics of diodes, its types, characteristics, etc.
Passive Components:-
Passive components cannot control electric current utilizing a second electrical signal. Some
important passive components are capacitors, resistors, inductors, and transformers. Passive
components do not require energy to operate barring the AC circuit. Unlike the Active
component, they are unable to augment the signal power and also cannot amplify it. There are
majorly two types of passive components namely
Lossy or Dissipative: These cannot absorb power from an external circuit. Resistors are
an example of lossy passive components.
Lossless: These do not have any input or output net level flow. A few examples of
lossless components are inductors, transformers, and gyrators.
Capacitors:-
Capacitors can store energy in the electric field located between plates. They are commonly
used in electronic circuits for storage. They can also be used in filter circuits to differentiate
between high and low-frequency signals. Capacitors can be majorly classified into
Ceramic Capacitors, Electrolytic Capacitors, Mylar capacitors, and X-rated Capacitors. You
can also read this article on Capacitors to understand the basics of a capacitor, its types, and
applications.
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Resistors:-
As the name implies their job is to resist or
oppose the flow of current. They are meant to
control the flow of electric current to the
circuit by automatically bringing down the
voltage in the device.
Inductors:-
They also can be used to store energy and deliver
a charge. Within the parameters of a circuit, the
inductors have a very high impedance on AC and very
little impedance on DC. Inductors are very commonly
found in Power supply circuits like AC/DC
converters, SMPS circuits, etc. You can also read
this article on Inductors to understand the basics of
Inductors, its types, and applications.
RESULT: - Active &Passive Components both are studied.
PRECAUTION:-
(i).All the connections should be right & tight. (ii).Connections must be made according to
circuit diagram. (iii).Power must be switched on after checking the connections.
Short Answer Type Questions:
Q.1 What is Active Components?
Q.2 What is Passive Components?
Q.3 What are the types of inductor?
Q.4 Is a diode active or passive?
Q.5 How are capacitors and inductors used together?
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