Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

Mini project
STREET LIGHTS THAT GLOWS ON
DETECTION OF VEHICLE MOVEMENT
A Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

Electronics and Communication Engineering

By

PANDRAVESHAM NIKHIL 20D41A04E9

RAJPARA NIKHAR 20D41A04G4
NAREDDY ARVIND REDDY 20D41A04E0
RAJABOINA VAMSHI 20D41A04G3

Under the esteemed guidance of

RAGUTLA KALPANA
Asst. Prof

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

SRI INDU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution under UGC, New Delhi)
Recognized under 2(f) and 12(B) of UGC Act. 1956
Sheriguda village, Ibrahimpatnam, RR District – 501 510, T.S,INDIA

2023 - 2024

i
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “STREET LIGHTS THAT GLOWS ON

DETECTION OF VEHICLES”

Submitted by
PANDRAVESHAM NIKHIL 20D41A04E9

RAJPARA NIKHAR 20D41A04G4

NAREDDY ARVIND REDDY 20D41A04E0

RAJABOINA VAMSHI 20D41A04G3

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in

Electronics and Communication Engineering to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,

Hyderabad is a record of bonafide work carried out by him under our guidance and supervision.

The results presented in this thesis have been verified and are found to be satisfactory. The results

embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University for the award of any other degree

or diploma

Ms. RAGUTLA KALPANA

Internal Guide

Dr. N.C. SENDHIL KUMAR

Head of the Department External Examiner

ii
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

DECLARATION

“We Do hereby declare that this submission is our own work conformed to the norms and

guidelines given in the Ethical Code of Conduct of the Institute and that, to the best of our knowledge and

belief, it contains no material previously written by another neither person nor material (data, theoretical

analysis, figures, and text) which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma other

university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the

text.”

NAME [Link]
PANDRAVESHAM NIKHIL 20D41A04E9
RAJPARA NIKHAR 20D41A04G4
NAREDDY ARVIND REDDY 20D41A04E0
RAJABOINA VAMSHI 20D41A04G3

iii
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

ABSTRACT

Smart Street light is an automated system which automates the street. The main aim of Smart Street
light is to reduce the power consumption when there are no vehicle movements on the road. The
Smart streetlight will glow with high intensity when there are vehicles on the road otherwise the
lights will remain dim. With advancement of technology, things are becoming simpler and easier for
everyone in the world today. Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies
to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of
industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization, whereas mechanization provided
human operators with machinery to assist the users with the muscular requirements of work,
automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well.
Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience.
Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system. The research work shows automatic
control of streetlights as a result of which power is saved to an extent. The Smart streetlight provides
a solution for energy saving which is achieved by sensing an approaching vehicle using the IR sensors
and then switching ON a block of street lights ahead of the vehicle with high intensity. As the vehicle
passes by, the trailing lights turn dim automatically. Thus, we save a lot of energy. So when there are
no vehicles on the highway, then all the lights will remain dim.

iv
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Page No
1.1 Introduction………………………………………… 1-2

1.2 Block diagram…………………………………………………….. 3-3

1.3 Circuit diagram……………………………………………………. 4-4

CHAPTER 2 ARDUINO AND SENSORS

2.1 Smart Street Lighting……………………………………………… 5-5

2.2 Arduino Uno R3……………………………………………………. 6-7

2.3 IR sensor…………………………………………………………… 8-9

2.4 Light Dependent Resistor Circuit………………………………… 10-11

2.5 Light Emitting Diode………………………………………………. 12-13

CHAPTER 3 IMPLEMENTATION & WORKING

3.1 Working Procedure………………………………………………… 14-15

3.2 Coding………………………………………………………………... 16-21

CHAPTER 4 APPLICATIONS
4.1 Applications and Advantages……………………………………… 22-22

4.2 Limitations ……………………………………………………………. 23-23

4.3 Existing and proposed concept…………………………………………… 23-23

CHAPTER 5 RESULTS………………………………...24-29
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE.30-30
References……………………………………………………………………… 31

1
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction

Automation plays an increasingly very important role in the world economy and in daily life.
Automatic systems are being preferred over any kind of manual system. We can also call it
an “SMART STREET LIGHT SENSING”. Intelligent light sensing refers to public street
lighting that adapts to movement by pedestrians, cyclists and cars. Intelligent street lighting,
also referred to as adaptive street lighting, dims when no activity is detected, but brightens
when movement is detected. This type of lighting is different from traditional, stationary and
illumination, or dimmable street lighting that dims at pre-determined times.
The research work shows automatic control of streetlights as a result of which power is saved
to some extent. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization.
Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist the users with
muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and
mental requirements as well. Basically, street lighting is one of the important parts. Therefore,
the street lamps are relatively simple but with the development of urbanization, the number of
streets increases rapidly with high traffic density. There are several factors need to be
considered in order to design a good street lighting system such as night-time safety for
community members and road users, provide public lighting at cost effective, the reduction of
crime and minimizing it is effect on the environment. At the beginning, street lamps were
controlled by manual control where a control switch is set in each of the street lamps which is
called the first generation of the original street light. After that, another method that has been
used was optical control method done using high pressure sodium lamp in their system.
Nowadays, it is seen that the method is widely used in the country. The method operates by
set up an optical control circuit, change the resistance by using of light sensitive device to
control street lamps light up automatically at dusk and turn off automatically after dawn in
the morning. Due to the technological development nowadays, road lighting can be
categorized according to the installation area and performance, for an example, lighting for
traffic routes, lighting for subsidiary roads and lighting for urban center and public amenity
areas. The WSN helps in improving the network sensing for street lighting. Meanwhile, street
light system can be classified according to the type of lamps used such as incandescent light,
mercury vapor light, metal halide light, high pressure sodium light, low pressure sodium
light, fluorescent light, compact fluorescent light, induction light and LED light. Different
type of light technology used in lighting design with their luminous efficiency, lamp service

1
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

life and their considerations. The LED is considered a promising solution to modern street
lighting system due to its behavior and advantages. Apart from that, the advantages of LED
are likely to replace the traditional street lamps such as the incandescent lamp, fluorescent
lamp and high-pressure Sodium Lamp in future but LED technology is an extremely difficult
process that requires a combination of advanced production lines, top quality materials and
high- precision manufacturing process. Therefore, the research work highlights the energy
efficient system of the street lights system using LED lamps with IR sensor interface for
controlling and managing.

2
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

1.2 - BLOCK DIAGRAM

The block diagram illustrates a simple yet effective system comprised of an Arduino
microcontroller, IR (Infrared) sensors, LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), and a power supply. At
the core of the system is the Arduino board, serving as the brain that controls and processes
information. The IR sensors are connected to the Arduino, acting as input devices that detect
infrared signals. These sensors are strategically positioned to monitor specific areas or objects
within their range. When an IR signal is detected, the Arduino processes this input and triggers
corresponding actions.

The output of the Arduino is connected to a set of LEDs, which act as indicators or outputs in
response to the IR sensor inputs. The LEDs provide a visual representation of the system's status
or response to detected signals. The power supply unit ensures a stable source of power for both
the Arduino and the peripheral components. It supplies the necessary voltage and current to
keep the entire system operational. This block diagram encapsulates a versatile framework that
could be implemented in various applications, such as a home automation system, security
setup, or interactive display.

3
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

1.3 - CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The circuit diagram features an ATmega8 microcontroller as the central processing unit,
orchestrating the functions of an integrated system. The ATmega8 is connected to IR (Infrared)
sensors, acting as the primary input devices in the system. These sensors are strategically positioned
to detect infrared signals, and their outputs are fed into the microcontroller for processing.
Additionally, the circuit includes LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) as output devices, driven by the
ATmega8 microcontroller. The LEDs serve as visual indicators or actuators, responding to the
signals received from the IR sensors. This configuration allows for a dynamic and interactive system
that responds to the surrounding environment based on the input from the IR sensors.

In addition to the primary components, the circuit integrates a real-time clock (RTC) to enhance its
functionality. The real-time clock provides the ATmega8 with accurate timekeeping capabilities,
allowing the system to schedule and execute tasks at specific times. The RTC is connected to the
microcontroller, enabling it to timestamp events or trigger specific actions based on predefined time
criteria. The entire circuit is powered by a stable and reliable power supply unit, ensuring the
continuous and uninterrupted operation of the ATmega8 microcontroller, IR sensors, LEDs, and the
real-time clock. This comprehensive circuit design provides a foundation for applications that
require precise timing and responsiveness to environmental inputs

4
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

2. ARDUINO AND SENSORS

2.1 Smart Street Lighting

Street lights are doing more than ever in today’s smart cities. With digital networks and
embedded sensors, they collect and transmit information that help cities monitor and respond
to any circumstance, from traffic and air quality to crowds and noise. They can detect traffic
congestion and track available parking spaces. Those very same networks can remotely
control LED lights to turn on and off, flash, dim and more, offering cities a chance to
maximize low-energy lighting benefits while also improving pedestrian and bicyclist safety.
With street lights creating a network canopy, those networks of data can be used by more than
just lighting departments, empowering even schools and businesses via a lighting
infrastructure that brightens the future of the digital city.

Smart lighting helps cities save energy, lower costs, reduce maintenance—all while better
serving citizens and reducing energy use and CO2 emissions. Automation and networked
control can further increase your energy savings and reduce maintenance spending.
Networked street lighting built on a scalable platform can reduce crime up to 10% and make
roadways safer through improved visibility. Leveraging intelligent control systems can
rapidly increase lighting efficiencies and traffic management.

5
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

2.2 Arduino Uno R3

It is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. Arduino is an open-source,
prototyping platform and its simplicity makes it ideal for hobbyists or novice to use as well as
professionals. The Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack,
an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with AC-to-
DC adapter or battery to get started.

The Arduino Uno R3 uses an ATmega16U2 instead of the 8U2 found on the Uno (or the
FTDI found on previous generations). This allows for faster transfer rates and more memory.
No drivers needed for Linux or Mac (in file for Windows is needed and included in the
Arduino IDE), and the ability to have the Uno show up as a keyboard, mouse, joystick, etc.
The Arduino Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-
serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 microcontroller chip programmed as a
USB-to-serial converter.

The Uno R3 also adds SDA and SCL pins next to the AREF. In addition, there are two
new pins placed near the RESET pin. One is the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the
voltage provided from the board. The other is a not connected and is reserved for future
purposes. The Uno R3 works with all existing shields but can adapt to new shields which use
these additional pins.

"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0.
Preferred quality and originals are made in Italy. The Arduino Uno and version 1.0 will be the
reference versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of USB
Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform.

6
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

Fig. 2.1 Arduino Board

Features of the Arduino UNO:

• Microcontroller: ATmega328
• Operating Voltage: 5V
• Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
• Input Voltage (limits): 6-18V
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6
• DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
• Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
• SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
• EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
• Clock Speed: 16 MHz

7
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

2.3 IR sensor
An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion as
well as the presence of an object due to intervention or interruption. These type of sensors
measure only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor.
Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiations.
These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes that can be detected by an infrared sensor.
The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR
photodiode which is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength as that emitted by the IR
LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and these output voltages,
change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.

An IR sensor is a device which detects IR radiation falling on it. There are numerous
types of IR sensors that are built and can be built depending on the application. Proximity
sensors (Used in Touch Screen phones and Edge Avoiding Robots), contrast sensors (Used
in Line Following Robots) and obstruction counters/sensors (Used for counting goods and in
Burglar Alarms) are some examples, which use IR sensors.

Working Mechanism
An IR sensor is basically a device which consists of a pair of an IR LED and a photodiode
which are collectively called a photo-coupler or an opto-coupler. The IR LED emits IR
radiation, reception and/or intensity of reception of which by the photodiode dictates the
output of the sensor. Now, there are so many ways by which the radiation may or may not be
able to reach the photodiode.
Direct incidence
We may hold the IR LED directly in front of the photodiode, such that almost all the
radiation emitted, reaches the photodiode. This creates an invisible line of IR radiation
between the IR LED and the photodiode. Now, if an opaque object is placed obstructing this
line, the radiation will not reach the photodiode and will get either reflected or absorbed by
the obstructing object. This mechanism is used in object counters and burglar alarms.

8
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

Indirect Incidence
High school physics taught us that black color absorbs all radiation, and the color white
reflects all radiation. We use this very knowledge to build our IR sensor. If we place the IR
LED and the photodiode side by side, close together, the radiation from the IR LED will get
emitted straight in the direction to which the IR LED is pointing towards, and so is the
photodiode, and hence there will be no incidence of the radiation on the photodiode. Please
refer to the right part of the illustration given below for better understanding. But, if we place
an opaque object in front the two, two cases occur:
Reflective Surface
If the object is reflective, (White or some other light color), then most of the radiation will get
reflected by it, and will get incident on the photodiode. For further understanding, please
refer to the left part of the illustration below.
Non-reflective Surface
If the object is non-reflective, (Black or some other dark color), then most of the radiation
will get absorbed by it, and will not become incident on the photodiode. It is similar to there
being no surface (object) at all, for the sensor, as in both the cases, it does not receive any
radiation.

Fig. 2.2 Circuit Diagram of IR Sensor Fig. 2.3 IR Sensor

9
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

2.4 Light Dependant Resistor Circuit

LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits.
Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000000 ohms, but
when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically. Electronic onto sensors
are the devices that alter their electrical characteristics, in the presences of visible or invisible
light. The best-known devices of this type are the light dependent resistor (LDR), the photo
diode and the phototransistors. Light dependent resistor as the name suggests depends on
light for the variation of resistance. LDR are made by depositing a film of cadmium sulphide
or cadmium selenide on a substrate of ceramic containing no or very few free electrons when
not illuminated .The longer the strip the more the value of resistance. When light falls on the
strip, the resistance decreases. In the absence of light the resistance can be in the order of 10K
ohm to 15K ohm and is called the dark resistance. Depending on the exposure of light the
resistance can fall down to value of 500 ohms. The power ratings are usually smaller and are
in the range 50mw to .5w. Though very sensitive to light, the switching time is very high and
hence cannot be used for high frequency applications. They are used in chopper amplifiers.
Light dependent resistors are available as discs 0.5cm to 2.5cm. The resistance rises to several
Mega ohms under dark conditions. The device consists of a pair of metal film contacts
separated by a snakelike track of cadmium sulphide film, designed to provide the maximum
possible contact area with the two metal films. The structure is housed in a clear plastic or
resin case, to provide free access to external light. Practical LDRs are available in variety of
sizes and packages styles, the most popular size having a face diameter of roughly 10mm.

When an LDR is brought from a certain illuminating level into total darkness, the resistance
does not increase immediately to the dark value. The recovery rate is specified in k
ohm/second and for current LDR types it is more than 200k ohm/second. The recovery rate
is much greater in the reverse direction, e.g. going from darkness to illumination level of 300
lux, it takes less than 10ms to reach a resistance which corresponds with a light level of 400
lux. A LDR may be connected either way round and no special precautions are required
during the time of soldering.

Darkness: Maximum resistance, about 1Mega ohm.

10
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

Very bright light: Minimum resistance, about 100 ohm. The LDR is a variable
resistor whose resistance decreases with the increase in light intensity. Two cadmium
photoconductive cells with spectral response are very similar to that of the human eye. The
cell resistance falls with increasing light intensity. Some of its features: 1) High reliability. 2)
Light weight. 3) Wide spectral response. 4) Wide ambient temperature range.

Fig. 2.4 LDR Circuit Fig. 2.5 Light Dependant Resistor

11
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

2.5 Light Emitting Diode

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is p-n junction

diode that emits light when activated. The long terminal is positive and the short terminal is
negative. When a suitable current is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with
electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called
electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is
determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are typically small (less
than 1 mm2) and integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation
pattern.

LEDs are versatile semiconductor with a number of attributes which make them perfect for
most applications. Their features include:

2.5.1 Long Life: LEDs can last over 100,000 hours (10+ years) if used at rated current
2.5.2 No annoying flicker as we experience with fluorescent lamps.
2.5.3 LEDs are impervious to heat, cold, shock and vibration.
2.5.4 LEDs do not contain breakable glass.
2.5.5 Solid-State, high shock and vibration resistant
2.5.6 Extremely fast turn on/off times
2.5.7 Low power consumption puts less load on the electrical systems increasing battery
life.
Here we have used the most common 5mm white light. White LEDs are perfect for replacing
inefficient incandescent bulbs in night lights and path lights.
SPECIFICATION:

Intensity: 28,500mcd Voltage: 3.0v-3.3v

Color Freq: x=31 y=32 Typical: 3.1v
Viewing Angle: 48º Lens: Current: 20mA

Water Clear

12
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

CAUTIONS:
LEDs produce a focused light source and extra care should be used for your eyes ,though
intensity is not very high. While testing the LEDs a resitance must be applied to [Link], being
a semiconductor device, they are sensitive to static charges.

Fig. 2.6 LED Structure Fig. 2.7 LED

13
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

3. WORKING AND IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Working Procedure

The working procedure of the Smart street light using IR sensors is explained below. The
following are the different steps included in building a Smart street light.

1. Output of the LDR pin is connected to A0 (analog) port of Arduino Uno board.

2. Connect all output of the IR sensors to port numbers A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 respectively
(analog) which is the input signal to the Arduino board.

3. Connect the ground of all the IR sensors to GND port.

4. The output signals from LED are connected to port number 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11 respectively.

5. Again connect all the negative terminals of LED’s to GND port.

6. Power is passed to the Arduino (7-12V)

Fig. 3.1 Circuit diagram for Smart street light using IR sensors

14
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

The Fig 3.1 is the circuit diagram of the Smart streetlight. It works in accordance with the
varying sunlight. Whenever there is sufficient sunlight in surroundings, LDR exhibits high
resistance and acts as an insulator, while in darkness this LDR behaves as low resistance path
and allows the flows of electricity, this LDR’s operates with the help of IR sensors, these
sensors are activated under low illumination conditions and these are controlled by an
AT89C51 micro controller, every basic electronic circuit will operate under regulated 5v DC.
When any object comes in the range of IR sensors, as IR LED emits the radiations and
reflected back to IR photodiode by the object. Hence, object is detected.

The heart of Arduino circuit is the low power, high performance Arduino micro controller is
programmed by embedded assembly programming language for implementing these tasks;
this program is stored and operated by means of storage device EPROM.

The intensity of LED’s is remained at low initially (when no object is detected, at no natural
light condition) by Arduino using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique where analog
signal is converted to digital signal, ON-OFF process of LEDs take place so rapidly in such a
way, the LEDs seem to glow dimly when seen by naked eye. Hence, intensity of LEDs are
controlled by varying duty cycle.

While coming to the functional block i.e. LDR, LEDs, IR sensors, these components are in
expensive, smaller in size, less complexity, highly reliable, low power applications,
minimum risk with greater accuracy. The project is successfully implemented in many areas
based on the experimental verification proving that it can save the electrical power to greater
extent removing the manual work completely; the system became the origin for upcoming
advanced intelligent systems in saving both human and electrical power.

The switching of the LEDs are operated through coding applied in Arduino using Aduino
software.

15
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

3.2 Coding

int led = 11; int

led1 = 10; int

led2 = 9; int

led3 = 6; int

led4 = 5; int ldr

= A0;

int x1, x2, x3,

x4,x5; void setup()

[Link] (9600);

pinMode (led,OUTPUT);

pinMode (led1,OUTPUT);

pinMode (led2,OUTPUT);

pinMode (led3,OUTPUT);

pinMode (led4,OUTPUT);

pinMode (ldr,INPUT);

void loop()

16
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

int ldrStatus = analogRead (ldr);

if (ldrStatus <=300)

if (analogRead(A1)<500) // IR 1 CODE

{
x1=0;
x2=1;
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);

digitalWrite(led1,HIGH);

delay(100);// micro second

else

if(x1==0){

digitalWrite(led,HIGH);

analogWrite(led,255/5);

delay(50);

if(x2==1)

digitalWrite(led1,HIGH);

analogWrite(led1,255/5);

delay(50);

17
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

if (analogRead(A2)<500) // IR 2 CODE

x2=0

x3=1

digitalWrite(led1,HIGH);

digitalWrite(led2,HIGH);

delay(100);// second light

else

if(x2==0)

digitalWrite(led1,HIGH);

analogWrite(led1,255/5);

delay(50);

if(x3==1)

digitalWrite(led2,HIGH);

analogWrite(led2,255/5);

delay(50);

18
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

if (analogRead(A3)<500) // IR 3 CODE

x3=0

x4=1

digitalWrite(led2,HIGH);

digitalWrite(led3,HIGH);

delay(100);// micro second

else

if(x3==0)

digitalWrite(led2,HIGH);

analogWrite(led2,255/5);

delay(50);

if(x4==1)

digitalWrite(led3,HIGH);

analogWrite(led3,255/5);

delay(50);

19
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

if (analogRead(A4)<500) // IR 4 CODE

x4=0

x5=1

digitalWrite(led3,HIGH);

digitalWrite(led4,HIGH);

delay(100);// micro second

else

if(x4==0){

digitalWrite(led3,HIGH);

analogWrite(led3,255/5);

delay(50);

if(x5==1){

digitalWrite(led4,HIGH);

analogWrite(led4,255/5);

delay(50);

20
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

if (analogRead(A5)<500) // IR 5 CODE

x5=0;

digitalWrite(led4,HIGH);

delay(100);// micro second

else

if(x5==0){

digitalWrite(led4,HIGH);

analogWrite(led4,255/5);

delay(50);

else

digitalWrite(led, LOW);

digitalWrite(led1, LOW);

digitalWrite(led2, LOW);

digitalWrite(led3, LOW);

digitalWrite(led4, LOW);

}}

21
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

4. APPLICATIONS

4.1 Application and Advantages

The street light control circuit can be used in normal roads, highways, express ways etc.
The project can also be used in parking areas of malls, hotels, industrial lighting, etc.

If the lighting system implements all LED lights, the cost of the maintenance can be
reduced as the life span and durability of LEDs is higher than Neon based lights which are
normally used as street lights.
As the lights are automatically turned ON or OFF, huge amount of energy can be
saved.
This system less costly, less installation and maintenance cost and more efficient as
compared to the others system

22
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

4.2 Limitations and Future Work

• This system can be used for only one way traffic. A highway might be covered by this
system on dual system installation on both side.
• The system does not have any automatic fault detector.
• Pole damage detection with the addition of suitable sensor can be implemented

4.2 Existing and proposed concept

Existing concept
Manually switching ON and OFF of the street lights

Proposed concept
Automatically switching ON and OFF of the street lights

23
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In this section, the setup of the whole research work is depicted in a step by step manner.
Sample screenshots are displayed once the components are fixed and connected to each other.
All the components are connected to each other and thus completes the system setup which
helps one to understand the steps in a simple and easy way. With these steps, even when a
person who is trying to implement the same, it makes it simple, clear and easy. The following
are the screenshots in an orderly way:

Fig. 4.1 Initial Setup Phase 1

24
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

The Fig 4.1 depicts the initial setup of the hardware. All the components are in accordance to
every other component. The five IR sensors are placed next to each other. The Arduino board
is about to be mounted and connected to the external power supply for the flow of current. All
the five IR sensors are going to be connected to the Arduino board. All the wirings with the
breadboard are installed.

Fig. 4.2 Initial Setup Phase 2

The Fig 4.2 depicts the second phase where all the LEDs are connected with the Arduino

25
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

and Arduino is mounted. All the connections are completed, as soon as the 5V power supply is
fed to the input Arduino, circuit will start to work perfectly.

Fig. 4.3 Operation Phase 1

The Fig. 4.3 shows the initial operation when power is supplied to the Arduino at the

26
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

natural lighting condition. Thus, LDR circuit detects light and LDR works as an insulator, does not
allow the current to pass through the circuit. Hence, LEDs are remained turn off.

Fig. 4.4 Operation Phase 2

In Fig. 4.4, LDR is hidden by finger tip, to create natural dark condition. Due to no light, the
resistance of LDR becomes very low, allowing current to pass through the LDR circuit. Thus,
LEDs glow dimly.

27
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

Fig. 4.5 Operation Phase 3

Fig. 4.5 depicts when any object is detected by the first sensor first two adjacent LEDs glow
with its full intensity keeping rest of the LEDs lit dimly.

28
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

Fig. 4.6 Operation Phase 4

Fig. 4.6 shows that fourth IR sensor detects the object and glows the corresponding LED and
the successive LED with full intensity keeping rest of LEDs dim

29
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

6. Conclusion and Future scope

By using Smart Street light, one can save surplus amount of energy which is done by
replacing sodium vapor lamps by LED and adding an additional feature for security
purposes. It prevents unnecessary wastage of electricity, caused due to manual switching of
streetlights when it’s not required. It provides an efficient and smart automatic streetlight
control system with the help of IR sensors. It can reduce the energy consumption and
maintains the cost. The system is versatile, extendable and totally adjustable to user needs.
The system is now used only for One way traffic in highways. Continuous uses of LDR and
IR sensors even in day time. Not switched on before the sunset.

The Smart light system can be further extended to make the current system in two-
way traffic, making the system more flexible in case of rainy days and introduction of ways to
control the lights through GSM based service

30
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

References
1. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Website:
[Link] Vol. 5,
Issue 3, March 2017
Smart Street Light Using Arduino Uno Microcontroller
2. S. Suganya, R. Sinduja, T. Sowmiya& S. Senthilkumar, Street light glow on detecting
vehicle movement using sensor
3. [Link] Sheela,[Link], Survey on Street Lighting System Based On Vehicle Movements
4. Srikanth M, Sudhakar K N,ZigBee Based Remote Control Automatic Street Light System
5. [Link], Syed ajram shah, [Link], K,Arun Kumar, Design and implementation of
traffic flow based street light control system with effective utilization of solar energy,
International journal of Science Engineering and Advance Technology, IJSEAT, Vol 3,
Issued

31
Department of ECE
Streetlights that glows on detection of vehicle movement

32
Department of ECE