Calculus I

Tutorial #1 - Solutions

Problem 1. We plot here the two graphs of the two given equations:

They are not graphs of functions of x, because one value of x corresponds to two values
of y.

Problem 2.

a. Using the standard rule of writing equation of the line which goes through two
given points we obtain the following formula
(
x if x ∈ [0, 1],
y(x) =
− x + 2 if x ∈ (1, 2].

b. Similarly we have (
2 if x ∈ [0, 1) ∪ [2, 3),
y(x) =
0 if x ∈ [1, 2) ∪ [3, 4],

Problem 3.

• This person’s weight increases over time, there is a period between 29 to 33 years
old with sudden weight loss.

• From 29 to 35 years old is everyone’s sandwich stage. It can be considered the

most difficult life period in terms of work, health, money of each person.

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Problem 4.

• The maximal water level is 20 inches

• It takes 5 minutes to drain the water into the bathtub to reach a water height of
15 inches

• Bath time: about 15 minutes.

• Around the 13th minute, the water was drained and added immediately after-
wards.

• From 18 minutes to 23 minutes, the water is drained.

Problem 5.
The properties of the considered functions are as follows

a) the horizontal distance x(t) is increasing over time.

b) the altitude y(t) increases when taking-off then keeps unchanged when in the air,
finally it decreases for landing.

c) the ground speed s(t) is increasing when taking-off. Then, it is almost unchanged
before preparing for landing. In the last period, it is decreasing.

d) the vertical velocity v(t) is positive in the initial period. Then, it is null most of
the time before preparing for landing. When the airplane prepares to land, v(t)
is negative. When the airplane is landing, v(t) is null.

The possible graph of the functions:

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Problem 6. a) A rough graph of N :

b) N (2001) ≈ 125, N (2005) ≈ 208.

Problem 7.

1. The volume of the box is given by

V = x(22 − 2x)(14 − 2x) = 4x(11 − x)(7 − x).

2. Observing the given graph of V (x) we can see that the domain of function is
0 < x < 7 and the volume attains the maximal value when x is near the 3,
minimal value when x is near 7.

Problem 8.

a. The circumference of the base of the cone is the circumference of the original
circle without the arc of length x.

b.
8π − x
r= .
2π
c. By using Pythagorean’s theorem for a right triangle we get

√
r
8π − x 2
h = 16 − r2 = 16 − ( ).
2π

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 d. The volume V of the cone is
r
1 (8π − x)2 8π − x 2
V = πr2 h = 16 − ( ).
3 12π 2π
Looking at the following graph of V :

We can see that the cone has maximal volume when x is around 5.

Problem 9.
a) The graph of y = f (x − 4) matches (3) because we shift the graph of y = f (x) 4
units to the right to obtain the graph of y = f (x − 4).

b) The graph of y = f (x) + 3 matches (1) because we shift the graph of y = f (x) up 3
units to obtain the graph of y = f (x) + 3.

c) The graph of y = 13 f (x) matches (4) because we compress the graph of y = f (x)
vertically by a factor of 3 to obtain the graph of y = 31 f (x).

d) The graph of y = −f (x + 4) matches (5) because we shift the graph of y = f (x) 4

units to the left then reflect the resulting result about the x-axis.

e) The graph of y = 2f (x + 6) matches (2) because we shift the graph of y = f (x) 6

units to the left then stretch the resulting result vertically by a factor of 2

Problem 10.

a) f (g(2)) = f (5) = 4.

b) g(f (0)) = g(0) = 3.

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c) (f ◦ g)(0) = f (g(0)) = f (3) = 0.

d) (g ◦ f )(6) = g(f (6)) is undefined because f (6) = 6 does not belong to the domain
Dg = [−4, 4] of the function g.

e) (g ◦ g)(−2) = g(1) = 4.

f) (f ◦ f )(4) = f (2) = −2.

Problem 11.

a. r(t) = 60t (cm).

b. A ◦ r(t) = 3600πt2 (cm2 ) = 0.36πt2 (m2 ). This function represents the area of
the circular ripple over time.

Problem 12.

a. A ◦ A(x) = (1.04)2 x ($), A ◦ A ◦ A(x) = (1.04)3 x ($), A ◦ A ◦ A ◦ A(x) =

(1.04)4 x ($).

b. A ◦ A ◦ A˜ ◦ . . . ◦ A(x) = (1.04)n x ($). This composite function represents the

amount that we will get after n years of investing x$.

Problem 13.

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a. u(v(f (x))) = 4v(f (x)) − 5 = 4f (x)2 − 5 = x2
− 5.
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b. u(f (v(x))) = 4f (v(x)) − 5 = v(x)
−5= x2
− 5.

c. v(u(f (x))) = ( x4 − 5)2 .

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d. v(f (u(x))) = (4x−5)2
.
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e. f (u(v(x))) = 4x2 −5
.
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f. f (v(u(x))) = (4x−5)2
.

Problem 14.

√
a. y = x − 3 = g(x) − 3 = f (g(x)).
√
b. y = 2 x = 2g(x) = j(g(x)).

c. y = x1/4 = g(x)1/2 = g(g(x))).

d. y = 4x = j(j(x)).

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 e. y = g(h(f (x))).
f. y = (2x − 6)3 = j(j(j(h(f (x))))).

Problem 15.

• Even function: d, f, g, h, e.
• Odd function: a, b, c, g.

π q
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= − 54 and tan(x) = − 34 .

Problem 16. Since x ∈ 2 , π then cos(x) = − 1 − 25

q √ √
Problem 17. Since x ∈ − π2 , 0 then sin(x) = − 1 − 1
= − 2 3 2 and tan(x) = −2 2.
 
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q √ √
3π 1
= − 2 5 5 and sin(x) = − 5
 
Problem 18. Since x ∈ π, 2
then cos(x) = − 1+ 14 5
.

.....................................................................................

Additional Problems (if time allows)

Problem 19. Yes. We can take g(x) = x and arbitrary function f .

Problem 20. If f (x) is odd, then g(x) = f (x) − 2 is no more odd. Indeed, we have

g(−x) = f (−x) − 2 = −f (x) − 2 6= −g(x) = −f (x) + 2.

However if f (x) is even, then g(x) is also even, because

g(−x) = f (−x) − 2 = f (x) − 2 = g(x).

Problem 21.

We rewrite the equation as follows: |y| = 1 + x − |x|, then we observe that

• If x < 0 then |y| = 1 + 2x, it follows that 1 + 2x ≥ 0 or x ≥ − 21 .

• If x ≥ 0 then |y| = 1.

Therefore, we can conclude about the solution of the given equation.

• If − 21 ≤ x < 0 then y = 1 + 2x or y = −1 − 2x.

• If x ≥ 0 then y = 1 or y = −1.

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Problem 22. Since f is both even and odd function then for every x in the domain
of f we have: f (x) = f (−x) = −f (x) implying that f (x) = 0.