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Dendrite Arm Spacing in Alloys

The document discusses solidification of metals and dendrite arm spacing. It provides equations to calculate: 1) The dendrite arm spacing (DAS) equation parameters k and n based on experimental DAS measurements at different cooling rates for an Al-Cu alloy. 2) The cooling rate required to achieve a DAS of 1 μm. 3) Briefly describes powder atomization and melt spinning techniques for achieving rapid cooling rates to influence microstructure.

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501 views3 pages

Dendrite Arm Spacing in Alloys

The document discusses solidification of metals and dendrite arm spacing. It provides equations to calculate: 1) The dendrite arm spacing (DAS) equation parameters k and n based on experimental DAS measurements at different cooling rates for an Al-Cu alloy. 2) The cooling rate required to achieve a DAS of 1 μm. 3) Briefly describes powder atomization and melt spinning techniques for achieving rapid cooling rates to influence microstructure.

Uploaded by

mp6w9qw7t2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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  • Chapter 14 Solidification of Metals

Chapter 14 Solidification of metals

14.3 The dendrite arm spacing (DAS) is dependent on the cooling rate, , by an equation of the
form DAS = k-n. Suppose for Al-4.9% Cu, DAS was measured as 100 and 10 m at the
cooling rates 0.1 and 60 K/s, respectively. (a) Determine k and n for the alloy. (b) What
cooling rate is necessary to reduce the arm spacing to 1.0 m? (c) Melt spinning and powder
atomization are two techniques which are commonly used to achieve rapid cooling rates.
Briefly describe what these techniques are.
(a) DAS  k  n
   
100  10 6  k  0.1 n  ln 10 4  ln k  n ln 10 1  ln k  2.3026n  9.2103 (1)
10 10 6
 k  60 n

 ln 10 5
  ln k  n ln60  ln k  4.0943n  11.5129 (2)
(1) - (2)  6.3969n  2.3026  n  0.3600
 ln k  2.3026n  9.2103  ln k  2.3026  0.3600  9.2103  ln k  10.0392
 k  e 10.0392  4.3653  10 5
 DAS  4.3653  10 5   0.3600
(b) 1.0  10 6  4.3653  10 5   0.3600
1.0  10 6 ln 0.022908
  0.3600  5
 0.022908  ln    10.4896
4.3653  10  0.3600
   e10.4896  35941( K / s )
(c) Powder atominization consists of breaking down a continuous stram of a liquid metal into
very fine droplets, with the aid of a subsonic or supersonic gas stream or jet. Atomization
can also be accomplished by using a water jet. In melt spinning, metal droplets are formed
as a result of impinging a stream of liquid metal against a rotating disc.

14.4 An Al-5% Cu ingot is unidirectionally solidified under the conditions of no diffusion in the
solid, complete diffusion in the liquid, and local equilibrium at the interface, so that the Scheil
equation applies. (a) Calculate the composition of the liquid when the ingot is 50 percent solid.
What is the average composition of the solid? (b) What is the interface temperature at this
point? (c) How much eutectic and second phase  will have formed when the ingot is
completely solidified? (d) Plot the composition profile in the solidified ingot.
(a) Cs  0.86wt %Cu
C 0.86
k s   0.172
Cl 5
Cl  C0 1  f s   5.0wt %  1  0.5
k 1 0.172 1
 8.88wt %
(b) The interface temperature is 631C.

(c)  Cl  C0 1  f s 
k 1

  33.2wt %  
 ln Cl / C0    ln 5.0wt %  
 f s  1  exp   1  exp     0.898
 k 1   0.172  1 
 
f l  1  f s  1  0.898  0.102(@ 33.2wt %Cu )
33.2%  5.65%
  0.582
53%  5.65%
the fraction of  phase in the alloy = 0.1020.582 = 0.0591 = 5.91 wt%
(d)

14.6 Assume that an alloy of nickel with 2 wt. percent aluminum is cast and, by metallographic
examination, a dendrite arm spacing of 50 m is observed. It is also determined that the
composition difference between the center of an arm and the midpoint between two arms is 1
percent. Estimate the time required for homogenization if the annealing temperature is to be
1400C and the composition difference is to be reduced to one-tenth of its original value. Note:
see Table 12.4. (R: 9.314 J/molK)
268 , 000 268 , 000
4 4 8.3141400  273 
D  1.87 10 e RT
 1.87  10 e  8.017  10 13 (m 2 / s )
50 m
l   25m  2.5  10 5 m
2
l2
 2  2

2.5 10 5
 78.99( s )

2

 D   8.017 10 13


n 1
 B   0 .1
n B0 10
t
 n 
n B  nB0 e   t   ln B    ln 0.1  2.3026  2.3026  78.99  181.9( s )
 nB 
 0 

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