Mathematics Lockdown
Class notes
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la ce Transform + VS
lt f¢e, t>0 be a real-valued function thal
has the Polisistag propucties +
Ur J As picceesise Cemtinuous th every init, closed intevvas
Pristance theorem cor
—— a
BEESL, Ero:
UOs As of coponential order thas ents a,msq and
tyro Sach thok HCO] 2m fT tate then the
Laplace transform we
Lfrut = FO = ( a yodk
‘ &
web by Sea.
Prooks_ :
“prove -tne “theorem Lot
improper integre toner gas or ‘Sya". Spbting the trnportan!
‘ntegral fate tse pa tee get
ts A or sk
En ECR de Ff eM geedt 2 {eeta-ak
e ® o tm
The fret integral on the vight Side exis by Aa petescy
henete -the extstance of tm transform Fls) deprnds te, 2
Conwenges of ts Serond ‘ater ay Ieppotteate oy we Reve
enust Shoe that fhe
~Sk
Jer Feo] 2st St Ly teoor
t geek, ae
sdt= Mf (s-adt
to fe odd
and % es
Le ~ IF ora oy by the Comparision dey
Tr leaprope tate Grails Aku mewn PS Pete ee ee
—
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tr er ve ali foi -st
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Z {sin oth _ “ ei
et sinh ot dt
3 eee ( 2") on
ae te
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at ff
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Tikes. the Laplace transform is a Untor opaation
ther ts -for any functions $[2) and qe whore
transforms ewst and any canstants) 0 & & | the
trans form of at lat) + bqCld
L Late + yey a tg £4 Hoa é yey
ny defination »
ole
L Gast a vgCOps feu
o
\
ests ane
Lattey +9 CO] ox
= Pes sun. dts ates “qi -3t
=a Lito} tv Lt {geo}
Note 1
Dt oft, bet fru e9ce8] . £ Fah 614
Byoork j bee ten LE feCecuye = kbd Foy}
lantque nes | ,
De tre faplace trans forms af a give, duncklion
eM hs fe te tuntquio ly, debeveniwmed -
“transfor ot elimenlay functions «_
Henastky — propesty a
“Then The laplae -travivform ¢< a Urner a ait
Ahab ic py any function 4049 f glt) whoce
Wan storm
eck any constants ad & tty
transfor ro
Searont wih Sarco
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Sh bing + Re placing =
Thea t- TF FUE) hos Ate transforre o(e> whee Sek For
seme Kj tw eM YLr) has the -tanshrm 4 (8-02 whew
by s-a to the arans forre
Gor Kh - Te srmolog 1 TEL = F(s-@) or Uo we
Hoke the enverse on woth sides :
e4co = LP eCs-0}
Proof. -
hoe Knope thet FCs) = CE? veut
6
we obtain sle-a) by vepracing S with (s-o>
tn Ake absve Tabegy od
Fey 2 "fot ®* fe. or
4 e* [ee] at
°
y tM wt
Lt Fs) emists (i-e, 4, toni) for s
aw Ko Hen: coun Syst: trtaqral ana spor CSOT EK:
nlous tole tha fmverse on boty the Sides Of mes
cformula to ‘eblams aw second formula fa the Stiicseewn
realin “thar
Mote SL cee be Fosse *
Examples
) Prove ther th taplace transform of ot dees
pot axtst 9
Semon eh Carica
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taki tmils we ita ’ z
3 {ah
com eee te ght gh ct item SOP
+2 koa Lao de —> ob os tag
= .
ature eh ge not DI cr ponentiol ordss
ctlenle tte Caples transform doe not patst |
3) Poes lapl ace ctrantiorre oF Censat? /t emis 9
dusbfy ?
tim (Cosat? apes Not emise
too *
ty t @nist
Ut ees q doe
3) find the L:T of Gee Gar Sint ~ Covet Cb) sin'ay
(a) sint- Cos 2t
det wet, Be et ic a= 400839 -Sc0s0
Stn ap = ecole. sino —sin'y
LG sint cos oth
~ ? -3
= asin — 4of98-
Bindwend oces f AS ea Oe
AAASOB — zsto( 228 to. CS
Binet asi =F sin he ) fa [OED = Simf\ CoS + OSA: sig
3 a fee ie
: Gan + tern = cos (MS) -cos(?_- 8
tos ( ai+l) (¥ ( =)
“s
gina - SR = 2eas( SF) ain
= %
= ( ain By Sint)
— se
- sin(£) _ tos ek fos — Gs —asin(are) sinh
> Se Li ttre = 8
atta
iB {eros at} il
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St e{senset —- LLG cinrg
= i &
= 249 toe,
(9 Lf sivard é
“hf 1 = terse] 1-00820 © aint gt
2
tees 2 eer ats
i " =
= J gli] -'h [coset
% - L J Coe = 4 ost O- Bcosd
.
‘ ‘i ACOSO . cos
= & > Gare |) oe
s 3
Cos'O = 1 fosap ek
mn (os om case
Find he 4ollowsing
P LDP cos* at]
~ LPB coat +p coe stun? |]
= fa Cost +4 cos 2b)
ss =
sb [cos 44] + 4 Leos tat 7
Me pis = +o S
+ shay G -e*a~
- ee
7 4 S416
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L [sina cosh t + cosa stab t_]
+ Stna 4 festa 4 cea KL Eenbe]
= £ E a
Sina . - Cosa -
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Find -the “2:T of the Fotlosing :
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£ [ tore nf) - Lott, aattth + sabes vy
~ oh [el] sorte a Lede sors Le] +P egy
iO Ble Sots 2k mpeg (ete th
am as Ss
6Q° 4 Go = sob,
ot ee
"
OL [ ste cts’ | = L[ stot cosh ¢cosal -cink |
= Cos, L [sinot} 4 sin’ L [esos]
= t2fb- 2 sind. Ss
Ss? +0! otre™
8) elat-S © 4 ate - £[2]
a art =
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iy
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s+ 4 "st 86:
6) £ fae]
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Dee LOD UE ya
wok 3 tba
al « 2 RUS" Lae of gO leicaty
a
> 2 [tr] 3. _ g
$9 $32 = ——« ——a8
st (s- Dt
BLL [ainat -cosae]
PX simae- csat\ 4. eos Lt [sinat]
= Lpfewerd~ 4: 2. a
ad TS lb y
=.
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ma [texe ca’ |
cf Big txes? . sotto]
2
= Lb ] sin st sty
- “| gist f+ tenttle “Tsing
\ fs + 1
= eas Sey
e
a ow Leosat cos ut]
= -£ L today 2b D afl ee A
=
et [tiles ak festt |
ee +
sh
yl
i
“4
>
¥
=
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I
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g
Be pS
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s cd
Wy , i
Chet raed. ££ eose 7 (Ss
= 1 = |i.
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ste ae
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e= Le
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ad, tere ST estar dt
te
= a, test w-det
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= &¥ cay feoeat
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+e ra ~id
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L[t-et onze] 6s 12
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Lilt sina A t[srose] He Ans
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a Fae f
= 5 =e Ee Csinat) | es
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as oo as “(ste
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p= “e ils Teed keeyy , 7
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tse] = 142),
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tert’s
of ke eho
2ft-ds= & il
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> = 2
Te ee, SB. nile
( tat eee
8
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4 —
= ey (ee S
= 2 by fhe
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2eler [roe ;
Laplace tvanslorme of_dealvativis and “ete rol:
chm = The -Wansform of the first and second derivatives
ot 4k) [Link] ing
£4) - sey -40) -— up
EG) ~ 8200 — ehe)-10y —O5
eqn ca Relds if [0 i continvors tor all
a |
|
s
120
f sabshiee the growth vestiction G4) fs pieccasise
Continues 09 éveay Mite faterval on “the dimfant ¢ tzo
Similarly #97 GD) Rods fF F & 4? an Continuous for
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per $f? be % Piececoice Goninuous on & Heit. tater
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a
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a = Fate
SheR = $4 / sie ej]
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L=tnot] =sLf[eo etl -)
=, ae =S tTwst] »
sey
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Pad
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[ os)
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fF kena tind 1 [2 sar ~ attin ax] & T[sin oF
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dend L[vtosor —otctmmol] € t [sinok y od enol]
SA*- ioe have (Ge). demas
of' CO = of tas att oan ab
4
fu. 6 [4 Cimed opto. os a] + c@rek
fC 2 -otbcimakt taresot + alocat
SCE) = BAtecat ~ atinat '
We Kinase thet
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fe 4 [ze coset ort simof) ~ sé ¢ [tsinar| —< fe] -o
tL [20 cosa -att stnaa |. S41 Er sina]
not Lwsarl Pt [eimale oe Ltstn ad
gati[wsear] = {ss ol, Leste ar]
“Ll eswe] . 2a t Lewsoa]
Fomor se have
at ( xees er -oalSinar) - s*y Lesinet]
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8
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ween ané etcae
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wher {Ceca 2 a_[eco] Hed
LL emok taro} -sz [t sinath 3
AS) aoe
(Pray>
= 205" y
(g*ra* i
4) using the laplas stomifoven oof the daduatien find
L [eeshat| ana tind & [Sivnat 4 ot cos hor] &
tee coshar -Sinfal]
rE) toe hove lh) = £ trshas
FCEL ~ thot ot sinbot
£48 = ember + of paeheraeeny
= asin hor tatt Coshat +m Sinke
4 EO) 2 ot cnet Gh sarah?
Rew
L0e)] 2 2¢[n9] octeyosta
L[vasinhat + atest] = SLE tshokl |
aa LE timhet] +a" £[e coshat] = 2ai [ sry r|
orl el
Fag:
en
fe 2otry cr Me a4
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ang: £ea*
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a2
a ae™ —(s"4 a 20s")
te aey™
= $F oye ig at ave”
a ok oa =
qe 3
= Bors” —ay
ae eet
chown aq'eCa) (s*-2
ot[sinb orl pat |sierory at cos hat | 7
at [sinhet + at cashor ]
2s"a* —o4
Cee*
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= Sere
Grey”
se MO 1a
2a
adae —o at (ste)
(ernok J”
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Baploce “Theovem of foteprats 2
Thro pet
bohith
qreesty
Fs) denote the transform of function FCS
fs plecemise Continusus toy t zo € Satiahres
restveion hea [Link] fo EO
& t 4
| [scmatf = tres 5 fro-ar -k' fe ra}
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Y dima a[ € cost -ct]
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LY ften-ary ~ ft) - eae 2h i cost at]
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= trosty
=
= 7 '
2? eT = Ss
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we hove FLD 2 +5tb
h [fear] » 0D = ALAS) ~& [ frsme ak
> £4 [tsme]
=
ee ere
= =! dP bo |
s dc Seams
~ all Cenr) |
(rp” #
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=
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LT fesgt ee ] = mL eied ey L(sinty- oe
=
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ae)
i Oke
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a (Zo -tests)
2 lox) m0 = ae.
oP.
tin, c
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tYet {tvat-ar| ttf i : ,
VRE «dt
. Ss. 2)
S [+ oe
S85)
= E wat Tesmey
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[EC ay
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a Hina bt of b [et fink de
t[e- fie sint de] 2 ft tf feant at]
. a [4 £51, 5]
~ at as sos-!
= rae iw)
a a
dg s(Shase)
= 38"-US +
(er crasseay
ap lent).
t
4 enti £7 evaluat, + [ fants
8
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> - |e
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find £47 of + fet sunt ae
Vie hav @
if { et sink ae [= t LC at ans ay as-
oe
= (+ Eletsintd as = < + aintie i 4s
3
he
1 —=—)-ds “e 4 . (od
is See) ~ [= aa ae * (sqm
WAR
Now we solve tm -fockton bY mm “the talqrel by
Btiad — tethoot %
\ ~~ A 4054 La (ee ese rs (Seed
= + = —_
Cl ste) + SH 1StL S(-154+D 6
de a(stocsod) ye Bos €5
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ee giae A
OS ALS | competing te totticed of 3° an toth
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= ne Me ded wk qe Ax Bed “
Gee = 2 1
“fie Fees)
€ =}
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ato 2 Se ets + 1
eC eras) = FS gap ey
An 2
~ gage
a
we OM BS PE ae
“= i qgestia)
L
weet £[ 2 (ouintal] (a, - Se ea)
( be - Soe
o
- , tes
eqs =f bye eer} at. tat 4
yrs
ee er
5] [eee
uote, “ ls
= de iy Se el 3
==
aA
r ‘en ee ak of GD
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2
ge, using bit
ee (tat a 4 | tee
. t pege*y— Lqeryy-as
TGR - Preyer? — veges]
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woe
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teh tore
ra Ms
Va Us
vy? )
= toy (
ES
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28 using ii exolu
oe “Neg
| so sind at
o t
se
. ay sof Ste det
The given fateqral fs ate H t
joe
rows KY SET - el ee
2
ar [was \ toy J calen 3=
-4 fatal’ L,
1 [4 (e)).
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ee ee ee
unit step function or tHeavisides function +-
CE UMt Step Function or Heaviside function ult-03 Te. o for
440 has a jum of Sige 1 ot t=-Q and % 4 for tra
ta a Formule Eh iis
° im ee (azo
ult-o) = ib te tea
aul?) uerk
i \
a ‘
i Seams
L
oe 2, ~
unit step dunclion wt Lait stip function ua
was
Thee ft Chey] fy thn C[uct-od] = 27%
= =
Pref. we tee 4[tus] “* Seen sae
Hew 4 [utr] ~" a ad eles
; da :
a 4 Stonegate =< f eg -at
o
°
Cotli t20, ult-0F~9o
Se bea, ay Le-ad=15-
Ate Tae
% pt \ -
et ea ae =e r "7
[ees 2S |
of petedte functinw 5 -
Det nh. A unctio 4H fs satd -t be astodie Th thie enist
QO Consiont Pro Such thot Flt+ pd. fet) Hor au velues
oF te Pp ts Catkd ty period of the Purnction. slow
FC E+opp—4 CrPepo— 404+ PS — FQ)
Br Ghee flees Gey Bi Al any
- Teter
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Mi BM HE TS a petodic Bi eieek
Suve gt = ufvear — Su (weat-ge
oe “
+ GP jets Jeo Ese ae
= ) RCED| TF car) -at
=! ,
a ee f
2S fe] = fas (== jae
a
= ° ~*~ 3 fen. eta
i i
~ 2 Tanta ,
Hee ue tts wiet
thas by Pett formula agaln we tan fntqreate
2 [eo F ata —fe {e%ae]
Se ton urileites
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Arfanquies Wore function ft = io ’ ofteT ¢ 4(esamM aft
-t wete2v
Solution’ fu5 te putedic ‘tunction with poed 2n-
So poan How:
P an
4 oe 2 a a* ayo dk
£ Lt] = a (2 HU actt tans | é* 4
=
‘ es wa OD og
= t=s| (eae 4 fF est Con -O de
-e
o 1
get
An tne 4ivest fnteqral ast = Vee 4
an te Letond tnteqral us(2n- 4 v=
Hews hey using Dig Neqreton: of ‘yy
-
~ td Ue Flee ae
1-<€ et > fet ar
rn ‘ont
peel
‘del [et [ed ert reg
neyo] ai pet ]- [oeres= (is
2181]
a
em {E
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ne apne -ne7]
[2s SL. -t i
:
= em |
ses =n fe _ gts An
roerm] fe = oe uf ada") ous
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> —_ 4 1 —aet |
= ee
we tt ‘i ~e™y* cy pee ie ya
ae ey Ont GA Cato
Q fet) (Cie
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Cer)
2Xarn PXarn ple a]
quoxs wave function |
find the. transform of 2,
et by fey wy ‘
“i ba bc
et
1-& Me Sywxt = dt
Lam] te + Siw Ar
am
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7 = ~es
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t * .
2 oe Peay ore
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ai cate eye]
ale (= = +f sint (2) |
8
ty -+ es
s 6 :
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TH4*D = FU:
Solin tf) ie periodic woth Patod 4.
Ree £ su} = a Jat resae-
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| se],
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qiven ther ff (Ceram) = cb. oS
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tu) +e ecaertt
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=o é Od |
tee[]
un
zs] Ves ! Bin-o- x]
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no a on
= Seer Ere ils : ce, ae- [\. fe e)+
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ss gut is aA
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bil
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1-ems § = we a a Mee (te _
= he = =1Ne |
= —ne + ms a a
coats ) SEE ea ai -e*{
s see
1 = g2™8_ pile =e -2ns
"lets PN De a i
a= :
ft te e* G=EBsh ns Cee
sx Ore") (1rae™)
Cues) | - ase", ined '
Lipa) Clee). 1 an bat
fi)
~ nse C28)
i (ru) =
-0s
sh (pre } K
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Herosity pepety? TF ab one Constants this £ [ofc + bots]
sac! [ri] +ec" [aco]
Net: Tf beo thes pl Jor oy] = ari [rel
fer af a=, b=! thn [rent ac] ee Teele d L [aud]
SKeople Inverse transtorna for roula 4 —
0 4Le]e dk > Lee] =e tm wie
- ‘ wd
ey xe OL be ea | = Coshos
“a rat
ae rele seo] + ie
Qe ec
a {ar]-22 ¥
set = Li stgak m7, ned
fe ins a Sie 8 :
4) <|> cov at
| eee
¥ poutiol fraction method 7 —
ulial fraction methor
first shitting theorem fer Tnverse lap ta ce TWwanshorme +
Sere ae
The a) af Lf) = FO then e'Leg-a) - ot zt tr 3
Proof = using the oF shifting Hee on Lr use ahis
| ep) = a geMthay . 4 [tic =
at (reo) - Sf Erol
vhs a) ae LTH) = FO) then iF [RSS Yc ee c Creny
frooks wot ter = od. pico = _ elegy
» tft = -2' Leta]
eT res} 2 ler. cet Cre]
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te
Gi
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2s8 .
3 uy esse uses 7 go§ ee
= i = ef as * ee
< Fone aoa setter ft
~ 2 fru 73 -E 7! 1- eh att }
Gein
yout rel] att, et
C =| ea
ee
= Maples
al eT
2) Fino the 1: ef the fottoustng fumion using pouty
Fraction ethos = —bL— +
(#4) ts-§)
Sein + si nq te por trosted) 5 the ques funtion Conte
toritien as 5
1 = _A a RB = &G-b)4 @G-9) ©
panes.” ws tay ” “oa
4 A(s-v) + 8(s-a -G?
Pulting S=b im fq’m @? te get
a= a (bd) +8(b-3)
r= 6 #@Ce-2
im: ob.
putting cca 19 eqn @) We ge
t=- Ala-v) +2 @-)
Es 2G
a
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r l= > 3) ae PEI PEA]
A ot 1 be
=o *" = aoa © PN
= 1 . ae 4
find b (Saas. (2a a using PF Metnod-
Se as Sg pt Te given -mttion Can be evitten oy
> A + sre
ze =- Acs gsrs i!
ae OS CRED SECRETS cin
Weed
so, i=
aCss4)+
using shitting Ahan vem +
Cera =- aa teal AES
weet pT
=e —-¢ oe
~ a (ea wip
of KA
(w-]
sing 0 ot Tenens
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ar pur Seu ot
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S- ate
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el Teel] = elie
2 ee 2 css)
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; af th
4 -EE | aueee
ip eeetae [ree] = l 3
al eee per
> = b [ oe
\As
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alts a ed ip + 2a
it toa
Se Fle-ao ute ° 4% bea
a ee
ae. p.
2 7 [tw] a Ep cep dt = ve -f Ceadug Wat
% os oe
te “ode + ve BCt-ad dt =f ES 4 (hot
a
Pur t-a 23 2 dtedy
When t=4, %s6
and t= S% ,n= ote
So, t [Ff le-o Uat]
aT CPO oman Z
ete
4-a1 ~ of fet
75 = 4a
ici Foo. dy
How o® ia dumy Vatoall lence wn plow We by
€xt- tad wwe LT oof €8 ue \
we nove KEM uc) = epee
gee LTE uc]
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te aah Rrtaq “wes tea
bette awd te, as, @ kee eR
Ad & Substeckh &
= ~alt -© = tra a
- €6Rge* > ky hee va"
wy
Fle-2) -uace Sosa ® pe?
4(t~ar- €Lt-2) +
. 6 g= peri Res
eer, Gee
3 s €
as iy
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Hee GO= TH str) = oinly
add and Substvact a
4 f sin (t-men) -ugtd} (2. Sintn se) = -sno)
4 fsin(a + Ce-m) - Un coh
“tce-0d ~fle-n} asin(b-ny4
~LGsintt—m) + tat?
—Ts
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ay 3
fe fem uge] = afro] = e400 > ay
eee t [wth t] = 24 er aeet bring tk to
2
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(trees)
4-100
weet Fics) s ste
a
(S*,u4s3)
Integrating both the Side
§ fends 2 (eee
-ds
ierusssy Per s™eus ts ot
DIFF
nteqrating oth the sites.
1
Srhd-as = = =
( Geaess o Fo = ile 5.
hint ¢
per S-k= t ond tonlrave
Etrele act = 2 Lae
;
= fel chu
su >
=E cimae
u “a
Seno wit Concer
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x Inverse lopla @ Trawsform using ae
Toe ap ALS] = FO tend Toren] - a aber F te
Pood Eyam lap lots. Ubeorens) trangfocm ustag Gabon: 4
LAUDS = SFO —FOI~ cety
a'[s Foy] = £10) ‘
hey flu f'[seto]
¢ an
ae wjy=4 [ste]
When » Aaverse 5 pa transfor ug | integrals qn FF
pee - = F(s) then
4 [ED] = FT Lees] ae
oS
From laplaw transform of Integral) us kT
'
Af four any > L fe)
CF ft =o)
" ‘feeoy = Teun-at (£0 _
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Hina fe [ex] F [ mie]
we hove we hove
it [sresy] - a¢ ‘Eses5] plfsren] ~ J € a
OS lL te] fe teas =.
sZfeeca] ps ected]
s+ [ett] aes ele Sine]
eo cost cit
(eae)
\
#)
eo = 2-2!
a ease feat) ¢
py PE al wg BP ate =asint)
re 47
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-t
fpr 4
per (wate)
we heave F(s}-
Nase iS { Creinad
o
é
= aA 1 !
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4
> { Simnt- dt
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aoe cesht ]
as
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