DV= nRT

Name __________________________

= Ideal Gas Law Practice Worksheet Date _________________ Block ____

Solve the following problems using the ideal gas law:

1) How many moles of gas does it take to occupy 120 liters at a pressure of
2.3 atmospheres and a temperature of 340 K?

2) If I have a 50 liter container that holds 45 moles of gas at a temperature of

2000 C, what is the pressure inside the container?

3) It is not safe to put aerosol canisters in a campfire, because the pressure

inside the canisters gets very high and they can explode. If I have a 1.0
liter canister that holds 2 moles of gas, and the campfire temperature is
14000 C, what is the pressure inside the canister?

4) How many moles of gas are in a 30 liter scuba canister if the temperature
of the canister is 300 K and the pressure is 200 atmospheres?

5) I have a balloon that can hold 100 liters of air. If I blow up this balloon with
3 moles of oxygen gas at a pressure of 1 atmosphere, what is the
temperature of the balloon?
 Name __________________________
Date _________________ Block ____
Solutions to the Ideal gas law practice worksheet:
The ideal gas law states that PV=nRT, where P is the pressure of a gas, V is the
volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of gas present, R is the ideal gas
constant, and T is the temperature of the gas in Kelvins.

Common mistakes:
• Students express T in degrees celsius, rather than Kelvins. This can cause
huge problems, especially when the temperature is below freezing.
• Students use the wrong value of R. You need to make sure that you have the
right value of R for the units you’re using. In this worksheet, R = 0.08206
L.atm/mol.K – some teachers prefer using units of KPa rather than
atmospheres, resulting in huge errors if the wrong R is used.

1) 9.89 moles
2) 34.9 atm
3) 274.5 atm
4) 243.7 moles
5) 406.2 K (133.20 C – a very hot day to blow up balloons!)
P D.2 (pg 1 of 3) Ideal Gas Law & Density
Please note that both mm Hg and atm are used as units of pressure. It is a simple conversion: 760 mm = 1 atm
1. Given 3.43 g of gas in a 2.00 L container at 25.0ºC and a pressure of 1140 mm Hg:
a. Determine the number of moles of gas in the container.
b. Recalling that molar mass (molecular weight) is nothing more than a quotient of grams per mole (mass/moles),
determine the molar mass of this gas.
c. What might be the identity of this gas?

2. A 3.0 L flask at 30.0ºC contains 0.250 mole of Cl2 gas.

a. What is the pressure in the flask?
b. What is the mass of the gas in the flask?
c. What is the density of the chlorine gas in this flask?

3. A 500.0 ml flask contained O2 gas at 25.0ºC at a pressure of 4.5 atm.

a. What is the number of moles in the flask?
b. What is the mass of the gas in the flask?
c. What is the density of the oxygen in the flask

4. A 5.0 L flask of carbon dioxide gas at a pressure of 4.54 atm had a mass of 36 g?
a. How many moles of gas are in this flask?
b. What is the temperature, in Kelvin and ºC, of the gas in this flask?

5. How large of a metal gas canister would you need to contain 20.0 moles of compressed gas at a pressure of 22 atm and at
room temperature, 25.0ºC?

6. The density of SO2 gas in a container at room temperature, 25.0ºC is 2.51 g/L.
a. Determine the pressure in this flask.

7. Determine the density of O2 at STP.

8. A 5.0 L flask at 60.0ºC contains 0.055 mole of oxygen gas.

a. What is the pressure in the flask?
b. What is the mass of the gas in the flask?
c. What is the density of the oxygen gas in this flask?

9. Determine the molar mass of gas in a container at −50.0ºC and 6 atm pressure with a density of 14.5 g/L.
P D.2 (pg 2 of 3) Ideal Gas Law Problems ANSWERS
1. Again apply the ideal gas law solving for n. Be sure your temp is in Kelvin and select the R that matches the P units.
Remember that molar mass is mass/moles.
PV (1140mmHg)(2L)
a. n = n= n = 0.123 mole
RT mmHgiL
(62.4 )(298K )
moliK
mass 3.43g
b. Since MM = thus MM = MM = 27.9 g/mole
moles 0.123mol
c. It’s likely to be diatomic nitrogen, N2 with MM = 28 g/mole

2. Apply the ideal gas law: PV = nRT solving for P. Depending which R value you use, tells you which label to put on your
resulting pressure value. Don’t forget that your temp must be in Kelvin.
mmHgiL
(0.25mol)(62.4 )(303K )
a. P = moliK thus P = 1577 mmHg then round off to 1600 mmHg
(3L)
atmiL
(0.25mol)(0.821 )(303K )
OR P = moliK thus P = 2.1 atm
(3L)
⎛ 71g ⎞
b. Since 0.25mol ⎜ = 17.8 g
⎝ 1mol ⎟⎠
mass 17.8g
c. Remember that D = so D = = 5.9 g/L
vol 3L

3. Apply the ideal gas law: PV = nRT solving for n. Here you can use the pressure given in atm, but you must choose the 0.0821
atm L/mole K gas constant. Or you can change 4.5 atm to 3420 mm Hg and use the 62.4 mmHg L/mole K gas constant. You
must change 500 ml to 0.5 L because both gas constants have units in L, and so the volume must be in liters so it can cancel
out. And of course, you must change the temperature to Kelvin.
(4.5atm)(0.5L)
a. n = = 0.092 mole
atmiL
(0.0821 )(298K )
moliK
⎛ 32g ⎞
b. 0.092mol ⎜ = 2.9 g
⎝ 1mol ⎟⎠
mass 2.9g
c. Remember that D = so D = = 5.9 g/L
vol 0.5L

4. First change mass to moles using the molar mass of CO2 the apply the ideal gas law, PV = nRT solving for T. Remember that
the answer will come out in Kelvin, and you must change to report it in Celsius.
⎛ 1mol ⎞
a. 366g ⎜ = 0.82 mole
⎝ 44g ⎟⎠
PV (4.54atm)(5L)
b. T= T= = 337 K which converts to 64ºC
nR atmiL
(0.82mol)(0.0821 )
moliK

5. Use the ideal gas law, PV = nRT and solve for V. Be sure you convert your temp to Kelvin.
atmiL
(20mol)(0.821 )(298K )
V= moliK = 22.2 L
(22atm)
P D.2 (pg 3 of 3) Ideal Gas Law Problems ANSWERS
dRT
6. Use the molar mass Kitty Cat !! MM = and solve for P
P
g mmHgiL
(2.51 )(62.4 )(298K )
a. P= L moliK = 732 mm Hg which is also equal to 0.9663 atm
g
(64 )
mol

7. Take the simple route by dividing the molar mass, 32 g/mole by the molar volume 22.4 L/mole to get 1.42 g/L

8. Use PV = nRT and solve for P

atmiL
(0.055mol)(0.821 )(333K )
a. P = moliK = 0.30 atm or 228 mmHg
(5L)
⎛ 32g ⎞
b. 0.055mol ⎜ = 1.76 g since we know it is oxygen
⎝ 1mol ⎟⎠
mass 1.76g
c. Since D = thus D = = 0.352 g/L
vol 5L

g atmiL
(14.5 )(0.0821 )(223K )
dRT L moliK
9. MM = MM = = 44g/mol
P (6atm)
 Practice Test: Gas Laws

1. Perform the following conversions of pressure units:

1.6 × 105 torr = ______________ atm
[A] 3.2 × 102 [B] 4.6 × 102 [C] 3.2 × 103 [D] 2.1 × 102 [E] 2.1 × 103

2. A sample of helium gas occupies 2.65 L at 1.20 atm. What pressure would this sample of
gas exert in a 1.50-L container at the same temperature?
[A] 3.31 atm [B] 1.20 atm [C] 2.12 atm [D] 0.679 atm [E] none of these

3. A sample of helium gas occupies 12.4 L at 23°C and 0.956 atm. What volume will it
occupy at 40°C and 0.956 atm?
[A] 7.13 L [B] 11.7 L [C] 21.6 L [D] 13.1 L [E] none of these

4. A balloon has a volume of 1.20 L at 24.0°C. The balloon is heated to 48.0°C. Calculate the
new volume of the balloon.
[A] 2.40 L [B] 1.70 L [C] 1.30 L [D] 2.10 L [E] 1.20 L

5. If the temperature of an ideal gas is raised from 100°C to 200°C, while the pressure remains
constant, the volume
[A] remains the same [B] doubles [C] goes to 1/2 the original volume
[D] increases by a factor of 100 [E] none of these

6. A 4.37-g sample of a certain diatomic gas occupies a volume of 3.00 L at 1.00 atm and a
temperature of 45°C. Identify this gas.
[A] O2 [B] F2 [C] Cl2 [D] H2 [E] N2

7. What do the initials STP stand for, and what are the numerical values of each?

8. What is the numerical value of the molar volume of any gas at STP?

9. An oxygen sample has a volume of 4.50 L at 27°C and 800.0 torr. How many oxygen
molecules does it contain?
[A] 5.8 × 1022 [B] 1.16 × 1022 [C] 1.16 × 1023
[D] 2.32 × 1024 [E] none of these

10. Mercury vapor contains Hg atoms. What is the volume of 200. g of mercury vapor at 822 K
and 0.500 atm?
[A] 82.2 L [B] 67.2 L [C] 329 L [D] 135 L [E] none of these
11. Zinc metal is added to hydrochloric acid to generate hydrogen gas and is collected over a
liquid whose vapor pressure is the same as pure water at 20.0°C (18 torr). The volume of
the mixture is 1.7 L, and its total pressure is 0.810 atm.
Determine the number of moles of hydrogen gas present in the sample.
[A] 0.056 mol [B] 42 mol [C] 22 mol [D] 1.3 mol [E] 0.82 mol

12. A vessel with an internal volume of 10.0 L contains 2.80 g of nitrogen gas, 0.403 g of
hydrogen gas, and 79.9 g of argon gas. At 25°C, what is the pressure (in atm) inside the
vessel?
[A] 2.38 atm [B] 6.43 atm [C] 0.471 atm [D] 3.20 atm [E] 5.62 atm

13. What would happen to the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a gas sample if the
temperature of the sample increased from 20°C to 40°C?
[A] It would double. [B] It would become half its value.
[C] It would decrease. [D] It would increase. [E] two of these

14. Which conditions of P and T are most ideal for a gas?

[A] low P, high T [B] high P, low T [C] high P, high T
[D] depends on the gas [E] low P, low T

15. An ideal gas is a hypothetical substance consisting of particles with ______ volume and
_______ attraction for one another.
[A] large; strong [B] small; weak [C] zero; no
[D] small; strong [E] large; weak

16. C2H4 reacts with O2 according to the following equation:

C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
What volume of oxygen at STP is needed to react with 1.50 mol of C2H4?
[A] 33.6 L [B] 67.2 L [C] not enough information given
[D] 4.50 L [E] 101 L

17. Given the equation

2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
A 3.00-g sample of KClO3 is decomposed and the oxygen at 24.0°C and 0.982 atm is
collected. What volume of oxygen gas will be collected assuming 100% yield?
[A] 608 mL [B] 911 mL [C] 1820 mL [D] 304 mL [E] none of these
18. Describe the relationship between the following variables, including graphs.
a. P and V
b. V and T
c. P and T

19. These two containers of gas contain 0.5 moles of gas each (not necessarily drawn
to scale):

0.5 mol 0.5 mol

He Xe

Both gases have a temperature of 93.8 K and have a pressure of 132 kPa.
a. Which box contains more molecules? How many times more?
b. Which gas has the greater volume? How many times greater?
c. Which gas has the greater mass? How many times greater?
[1] [D]

[2] [C]

[3] [D]

[4] [C]

[5] [E]

[6] [B]

standard temperature = 273 K

[7] pressure = 1 atm

[8] 22.4 L/mol

[9] [C]

[10] [D]

[11] [A]

[12] [E]

[13] [D]

[14] [A]

[15] [C]

[16] [E]

[17] [B]
 18, Describe the relationship between the following variables, including graphs.
a. P and V
b. VandT
c. P and T

Sit
19. These two containers of gas contain 0.5 rnole^ of gas each (not necessarily drawn
to scale):

0.5 mol 0.5 mol

He Xe

Both gases have a temperature of 93.8 K and have a pressure of 132 kPa.
a. Which box contains more molecules? How many times more?
b. Which gas has the greatervolume? How many times greater?
c. Which gas has the greater mass? How many timesgreater?

3) ^<"6 lAV^y Y

(p A'\ (WcM/_r^'VW
V

^ UlW ^vvvh: o.S ml Ti^s

h^Xfi.
+K4. : ^
Concentration of solutions

A solution is a homogeneous mixture made up of two or more

substances that can be solid, liquid or gaseous. In a solution, a
substance, known as a solute, is mixed with another substance,
known as a solvent.

When we mix two substances and we obtain a solution, we say

that these substances are soluble. Solute is the substance that is in
smaller proportion, unless it is water in which case we consider it
the dissolvent.

When we mix two substances and we do not obtain a solution, we

say that these substances are insoluble.

Solids may be dissolved in liquids (salt in water). Gases may be

dissolved in liquids (carbon dioxide in water). Liquids may be
dissolved in other liquids (alcohol in water). Gases can be
combined with other gases to create mixtures (helium and
oxygen) and solids can be combined with other solids to create
alloys (stainless steel).

The concentration of a solution represents the relative amounts of

solute and solvent in a solution.

A solution can be qualitatively described as dilute or

concentrated.

 Dilute: a solution that contains a small proportion of solute

relative to solvent.
 Concentrated: a solution that contains a large proportion of
solute relative to solvent.

There are several ways to express solution concentration in

Chemistry but we will see this year only three of them:
percentage by mass, percentage by volume and gram per litre.
 Examining the method of preparation of the three types may help
you understand the differences among them. The following table
compares these three ways of stating solution concentration.

Symbol Meaning How to prepare

Percentage % Grams solute per 5 %: Dissolve 5 g of solute

by mass 100 g of solution in 95 g of solvent
Percentage % Litres (mililitres) 5 %: Dissolve 5 mL of
by volume of solute per 100 solute in 95 mL of solvent
litres of solution
Gram per g/L Grams solute per 5 g/L: Dissolve 5 g of
litre litre of solution solute and add solvent to
make 1 L of solution

You will find percentages of solutes stated on the labels of many

commercial products, such as household cleaners, liquid pesticide
solutions, and shampoos. If your sink becomes clogged, you
might buy a bottle of drain opener whose label states that it is a
2.4% sodium hydroxide solution. This means that the bottle
contains 2.4 g of NaOH for every 100 g of solution.

How to solve percentage concentration by mass problems

Mass of Mass of Mass of

solute in + solvent in = solution in
grams grams grams

Mass of solute
%= x 100
Mass of solution

% (percentage concentration)

Percentage concentration by
mass (mass percent)
Sample problem

What is the percentage by mass (% by mass) of a solution made

by dissolving 0.49 g of potassium sulfate in 12.70 g of water?

ANALYSE

 What is given in the problem?

The mass of solvent and the mass of solute, K2SO4

 What are you asked to find?

The concentration of the solution expressed as a percentage
by mass

Data:

Mass of solute: 0.49 g K2SO4

Mass of solvent: 12.70 g H2O

 What step is needed to calculate the concentration of the

solution as a percentage by mass?
Divide the mass of solute by the mass of the solution and
multiply by 100.

Solution

0.49 g 0.49 g
%= x 100 = x 100 = 3. 7 %
12.70 g + 0.49 g 13. 19 g

This number means that in 100 g of solution there are 3.7 g of

solute.
How to solve percentage concentration by volume problems

Volume of Volume of Volume of

solute in solvent in solution in
mL mL mL

Volume of solute
%= x 100
Volume of solution

% (percentage concentration)

Percentage concentration by
volume (volume percent)

Sample problem

What is the percentage by volume (% by volume) of a solution

made by dissolving 100 mL of ethanol in 15 mL of water?

ANALYSE

 What is given in the problem?

The volume of solute and the volume of solvent. Be aware
that in this case the water is considered the solvent although
it is in a smaller proportion.

 What are you asked to find?

The concentration of the solution expressed as a percentage
by volume.

Data:

Volume of solute: 110 mL ethanol

Volume of solvent: 15 mL H2O

 What step is needed to calculate the concentration of the

solution as a percentage by mass?
Divide the volume of solute by the volume of the solution
and multiply by 100.

Solution

110 mL 110 mL
%= x 100 = x 100 = 88 %
15 mL + 110 mL 125 mL

This number means that in 100 mL of solution there are 88 mL of

solute.

How to solve grams per litre concentration problems

Mass of solute Volume of Mass of solute

in grams + solution in = per litre of
litres solution
Mass of solute (g)
g/L =
Volume of solution (L)

g/L (gram per litre concentration)

Gram per litre concentration

Sample problem

A solution is prepared by dissolving 36.4 g CaI2 in enough water

to have 750 mL of solution. What is the gram per litre
concentration of the solution?

ANALYSE

 What is given in the problem?

The mass of solute (CaI2) and the volume of solution.

 What are you asked to find?

The concentration of the solution expressed as gram per
litre.

Data:

Mass of solute: 36.4 g CaI2

Volume of solution: 750 mL H2O + CaI2

 What step is needed to calculate the concentration of the

solution as gram per litre?
Divide the mass of solute by the volume of the solution.

Solution

36.4 g
g/L = = 48.5 g/L
0.750 L

This number means that in 1 L of solution there are 48.5 g of

solute.
Proposed problems

1. What is the percentage concentration of 75 g of ethanol

dissolved in 500 g of water? answer: 13.0 % ethanol
2. A chemist dissolves 3.50 g of potassium iodate and 6.23 g of
potassium hydroxide in 805.05 g of water. What is the
percentage concentration of each solute in the solution?
answer: 0.430 % KIO3 and 0.765 % KOH
3. A student wants to make a 5 % solution of rubidium
chloride using 0.377 g of the substance. What mass of water
will be needed to make the solution? answer: 7.16 g H2O
4. What mass of lithium nitrate would have to be dissolved in
30 g of water in order to make an 18 % solution? answer:
6.59 g LiNO3
5. A solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, contains 12 grams
of solute in 4 litres of solution. What is the concentration of
the solution in g/L? answer: 3 g/L
6. A solution of sugar contains 35 grams of sucrose,
C12H22O11 in 100 mL of solution. What is the concentration
of the solution in g/L? answer: 350 g/L
7. If the percent by volume is 2 % and the volume of solution
is 250mL what is the volume of solute in this solution?
answer: 5 mL
8. If I make a solution by adding water to 35 mL of methanol
(CH3OH) until the final volume of the solution is 275 mL,
what is the percent by volume of methanol in this solution?
answer: 12.7 %
9. What weight of solute is needed to produce each of the
indicated solutions? How many grams of water should be
used in each of the cases?
a) 500 g of a 6.40 % NaCl solution. answer: 32 g NaCl
and 468 g H2O
b) 136 g of a 14.2 % LiNO3 solution. answer: 19.3 g
LiNO3 and 116.7 g H2O
c) 42.2 g of a 7.60 % AgNO3 solution. answer: 3.2 g
AgNO3 and 39 g H2O
10. What would be the percent concentration by mass of each
of the following solutions? Remember that the density of
water is 1 g/mL.
a) 54 g of AgNO3 g is dissolved in 128 g of water.
answer: 29.67 %
b) 4.22 g of K2CO3 is dissolved in 426 mL of water.
answer: 0.98 %
c) 0.762 g of ZnF2 is dissolved in 1.30 litres of water.
answer: 0.058 %
 Dilutions Worksheet
1) If I add 25 mL of water to 125 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution, what will the
molarity of the diluted solution be?

2) If I add water to 100 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution until the final volume is
150 mL, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be?

3) How much 0.05 M HCl solution can be made by diluting 250 mL of 10 M

HCl?

4) I have 345 mL of a 1.5 M NaCl solution. If I boil the water until the volume
of the solution is 250 mL, what will the molarity of the solution be?

5) How much water would I need to add to 500 mL of a 2.4 M KCl solution to
make a 1.0 M solution?

For chemistry help, visit www.chemfiesta.com © 2002 Cavalcade Publishing – All Rights Reserved
 Dilutions Worksheet - Solutions
1) If I add 25 mL of water to 125 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution, what will the
molarity of the diluted solution be?

M1V1 = M2V2
(0.15 M)(125 mL) = x (150 mL)
x = 0.125 M

2) If I add water to 100 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution until the final volume is
150 mL, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be?

M1V1 = M2V2
(0.15 M)(100 mL) = x (150 mL)
x = 0.100 M

3) How much 0.05 M HCl solution can be made by diluting 250 mL of 10 M

HCl?

M1V1 = M2V2
(10 M)(250 mL) = (0.05 M) x
x = 50,000 mL

4) I have 345 mL of a 1.5 M NaCl solution. If I boil the water until the volume
of the solution is 250 mL, what will the molarity of the solution be?

M1V1 = M2V2
(1.5 M)(345 mL) = x (250 mL)
x = 2.07 M

5) How much water would I need to add to 500 mL of a 2.4 M KCl solution to
make a 1.0 M solution?

M1V1 = M2V2
(2.4 M)(500 mL) = (1.0 M) x
x = 1200 mL

1200 mL will be the final volume of the solution. However, since

there’s already 500 mL of solution present, you only need to add 700
mL of water to get 1200 mL as your final volume. The answer: 700
mL.

For chemistry help, visit www.chemfiesta.com © 2002 Cavalcade Publishing – All Rights Reserved
Solution Dilution
n
Write molarity as M= , where M is molarity, n = moles of solute, and V = volume of solution.
V

Then n = moles of solute in solution = MV ( or =VM).

In a dilution problem, water is added to a solution to change its concentration (molarity).

If before water is added the solution (solution 1) has M1 and V1 , then after the water is added it will
have M2 and V2. Since only water is added the moles of solute before water is added (n1) must equal
the moles of solute after the water is added (n2). That is, n1 = n2 and n1 = M1V1 = M2V2 = n2 .

Thus the dilution equation is M1V1 = M2V2

Problem 1: Water is added to 200.0 mL of 3.00 M HCl(aq) until the volume is 450.0 mL. What is the new
molarity?

M1 V1 3.00 M  200.0 mL
Solution: The new molarity = M2 =  = 1.33 M HCl
V2 450.0 mL

2. 500.0 mL of water is added to 200.0 mL 2.22 M NaCl(aq). Determine the new molarity.

3. How much water must be added to 100.0 mL 1.80 M H2O2(aq) to make a 0.800 M H2O2(aq)?

4. 200.0 mL of 0.500 M CaCl2(aq) is mixed with 600.0 mL of 0.200 M K2SO4(aq). No reaction takes place.
Calculate the concentration of each ion in the resulting mixture.

5. Determine [NH3] when 2.00 L of 3.00 M NH3(aq) is mixed with 0.500 L of 5.00 M NH3(aq).

6. 100.0 mL of 0.200 M Al(NO3)3 (aq) is mixed with 250.0 mL of 1.00 M NaNO3(aq). Determine the
molarity of the nitrate ion in the resulting mixture. molarity = total moles NO3– / total liters solution

7. How many milliters of 12.0 M HCl(aq) are required to make 2.000 L of 0.600 M HCl(aq)

Answers:

2. 0.634 M NaCl 3. 125.0 mL water (added to 100.0 mL soln gives 225.0 mL 0.800 M soln)

4. [Ca2+] = 0.125 M [Cl–] = 0.250 M [SO42–] = 0.150 M [K+] = 0.300 M

5. [NH3] = 3.4 M

6. [NO3–] = 0.886 M NO3– also [Al3+] = 0.0571 M [Na+] = 0.714 M

7. 100.0 mL of 12.0 M HCl(aq)

Solutions to Problems

M1 V1 2.22 M NaCl  200.0 mL

2. M2 =  = 0.634 M NaCl 700. mL from 200 mL + 500 mL
V2 700.0 mL (total)

M1V1 1.80 M H2O 2 100.0 mL

3. V2 =  = 225.0 mL = new volume
M2 0.800 M H2O 2

so add (225.0 mL – 100.0 mL =) 125.0 mL water to 100.0 mL of solution

M1 V1 0.500 M CaCl2  200.0 mL 0.125 mol CaCl2 1 mol Ca2+

4. M2 =  =  = 0.125 M Ca2+
V2 800.0 mL (total) 1 L soln 1 mol CaCl2

M1 V1 0.500 M CaCl2  200.0 mL 0.125 mol CaCl2 2 mol Cl

M2 =  =  = 0.250 M Cl–
V2 800.0 mL (total) 1 L soln 1 mol CaCl2

M1 V1 0.200 M K2 SO4  600.0 mL 0.150 mol K2SO4 1 mol SO42 

M2 =  =  = 0.150 M SO42-
V2 800.0 mL (total) 1 L soln 1 mol K2SO4

M1V1 0.200 M K 2SO 4 600.0 mL 0.150 mol K2SO4 2 mol K+

M2 =  =  = 0.300 M K+
V2 800.0 mL (total) 1 L soln 1 mol K2SO4

total moles NH3 M1V1 + M2 V2 3.00M  2.00 L +5.00 M  0.50 L

5. [NH3] =   = 3.400 M NH3
total volume V1 + V2 2.00 L + 0.500 L

6. for NO3– n3 = n1 + n2 so M3V3 = M1V1 + M2V2 and V3 = V1 + V2 = 100.0 mL + 250.0 mL = 350.0 mL



M1V1 + M2 V2 0.200 M Al(NO3 )3  1 mol Al(NO33 )3  100.0 mL + 1.00 M NO3  250.0 mL
3 mol NO

so M3 = 
V3 350.0 mL

M1 V1 0.200 M Al(NO3 )3  100.0 mL

= 0.886 M NO3– for Al3+ M2 =  = 0.057 M Al3+
V2 350.0 mL
M1 V1 1.0 M NaNO3  250.0 mL
for Na+ M2 =  = 0.714 M Na+
V2 350.0 mL

M2 V2 0.600 M HCl  2.000 L

7. V1 =  = 0.100 L (12 M) HCl (= 100. mL)
M1 12.0 M HCl