co Electromagnetic Induction Electromagnetic Troucton Cem) The phenomena of roti Current anol emf. by Chan ing magnetc fielels 42 ‘Catliol Elech- magnet c Traduction” CEm'r). Induced emf. 4 Induced Current he &m.f. So olevelopect js Called induad emf Ib the Conductor wa im the Jr of 4 closed ctrewt then a current flow In the circuit. TAs 8 Cotled Induced Current. # The phenomena of} EMI 4A the basis o working. of power gentrators”, aynamos , tromsformers ede Magnetic Flux (¢) The magnetic lux (P) through any surface bY the hud ina m ie Hele total number ie me ¢ Hay Swejace norm meds op fore cro ing the 2 Cail has N turng I i, total amount o magnedic. a nk id inked with Co N(B.A)= wasceso 1 @ 220 Hon ik sg Bee =o thn ¢ = BA — (Max: value) J of magnetic flux ws weber Cwb)- Contact No.- 8003024131, 3309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING nai najorts lL Weber CwWb) - One Weber dds the amount of Magnetic Hux over an ana of 1 metre> hald normal + a uriiform megnete field of 1 Tesla, L weber = 4 tesla x Lm * Magnetic flux () is q scalar quombty: *K when a body ws paAchent mM a unttosm er non-uniform magnetic Weld, outword flux is taken t be, positive , “while ~inwarol flux tia taleen a4 negative Experiments of Faraday ane Henry Experiment - 4 (Current induced by a magnet )) Fia shows @ ceil or Leop c a few Ma cthicl inscioted Shs Boot Mee 44 Umnec: do a sensitive galvanomeler G. Faradoy oma Henry observed “tho - eins. when the bar magnetSCIENCE CAREER COACHING ments Hea is moved away shows , Hefle ctor indicates reners ly be jagrat id mov fom the ‘coil, the galvanometer He trom the coil When the bar w ¥ AA Moved Quwey mm the rv Hh ume obs ch ve It shows relotve tion between +H $+ electric currest 1 ee Experiment 2- (C Fig, Shows a Coil or Leope of a few tuant Corfily et intuloted Ag Comnectest d 2 omethur and ter. G as A steady Connectect to a batter gh Co = Produces q magnetic field aleng ifs axis Contact No.-.8003024131, 9308068859 |sSciENCE (AS ee ee ee, Pierce the Coil c | i es mY. » U) eee a pe eee oe lection. Thin foaetes that ieee oe Peer ot 1 the r wil c- ii Pye cal cl ud moved away prom the UD ase el galvancmeter shows @ hayeetion 1 the Pe Aiecctinn. Ts inccate’ thot clirection ob Bie Peeiuecesl iv coll Cos yenend (ii) Tene is “10 ae tohan tere 44 no Telotie motion between tuso coils. % liv) The galvanometer of fection (amd hence Induced cusrent) is found to be larger whon Coils Gre moves! faster® towards / away on each other, * Hee the coil c! ; ee a Cl cCosrying current behaves as a Experiment 3- ( Current induced by Changing Currerd) From the experiment 1 : fl s : lave. maation ads om te ota m be induce without relodive. motion a tu Pe cannes ST, Suu Mele stating eae to Sensitive galvanomeh vad cc Comnectes! to aq bed sc aabedieg Ga obterved thot ent CcSCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria (i) oe f K 44 pressed , geen ness m Cal Mghows a réomentary cletlectien , encliceding Hhod Current ig Incuceel in Coil c- 0 (i) When the Key wa prerresl Controuously 1 there od no auplechony in he. gordvenometer - (ii) When the Key oa yeleased the golvmometer Shows again Q momentary olflection but in the opposite clyection , GY) The grvanomeres aleflection inereoses , ohen Om ion Wd Is inserted into the coils cleng their axis, and the Key is pressed / released. Cause of Induceel &.M.F. AN experiment shows that induceal emf. Appears jin A cei) Whenever the amount of . meqnehe Hux Linkes) with tH. Coil changes with dime. - Notee only the presenee of Mognete flux ts 0 not enou The amount ob megnaHe ux Linked} with theY coil must ees M ordér +o peoduca any induced emt. in the coi magnitude of e-m-f- andi ey lat Bue yee o ylust Linkeol with the Cradt. emf C « be) ess.SCIENCE CAREER COACHING _ Lume aajere K (2-41) one veo = Hee Kel in all system oh Units ee Th 4d Gs the small change in magnate Hux in a Small time dt +Hen we Can rewrite - At * Negative sis is taken because induced e-m-f Bsn cys pe any Change im magretc flux associated sith the circutt : Tn Case of @ closely wound cil of N tums, t Change in magnetic’ flux a with each turn is Phe Same”. Therefore inclucee! emf. is given by - : 7 So, by increasing the number of twos N in ty Gal Uwe can incresse the indudd e-m-f. Contact Wo.- 8003024131, 9309068859 [5° |SCIENCE CAREER COACHING wns ome R Circular Cer) of radius locm pig encliculay resistance 9.0 a ° placeal with its Pak magnchic Be tnel Waniieondal Lenore of tha eave s i ameter Rell. Tt da rotated “aboat As veatcal oem through 180 in 0.255. Estimate the rere es th Mf: and cursent induad jn 4 Me Oe hata et Hovreertal’ Component of ennth's magnetic . ae i —\ Se a . ul @ The magne though a coil perpendicular t ss plahe and! clirected? into paper fis van accoreling to the rd relation $ = (5424 let 15) Calculate” he mw ems Induced in the loop of toss, Sel Here p= Bette : ot rs eee hy “oH i igarh Bus Stand, sikar<<< Lenz's law — i ' the poleu i to ‘Lenz's Lawn, t Pp ty ob i foo ote. is Such thot Li Gldigraa the. ae Be in the moagneHc. flux responsible for tks production : This Law ge the cUreetion of Current Inductol im & Circurt: on - Explanation tahen north pale off baa magneh Ja being pubhecl towards the Cou, “he amount of magretd flux Linked with the Coil increases. Cument is induced in the Coil in sucha direction thot tt opposes the increase in flux. Thin ds possible only when tre Current induced in He wil is in omticlockwise clirection with respect sto om Observer on the Sicle 0} +he barn mognet movement against repulsion Movement against attraction Stmilanly ; when north Pole of the bo 43 mored aw magnet Link. . ee ceil tho ‘ N rl Bh Coil alecreanes . qq GmeHe Zltx n A e sha a,’ Eackthise atk, Curent mluceel in’ th Worrds acer e agnet becomes eres eet Mee ttacdve the Contact No.- sons02a10) eanency 5AY y SCIENCE CAREER COACHING inate “Lenz's Law 4 En Conservation Lenz's Low us im accosanca with te Law ob Con sevVahm ob energy: | Explanechon - Im the experimented verification of Len‘'s Law 5 ee owl oh meget fs aovee aia the Cail, the ee FOCL § oO Cail acquir north hire yeeteseee € eee hos to be done | aimst the oe of repulsion , in bymging tha magnet closey to the Coil. Simi] when north pole ef magnet te mover away South poleity developers” on” -the 4 | face of the Coil: Thanefewe work hor +o be dene against He force of Cuttyactim , in takmg the magnet owsou from B iCoi |. this mechanical urevk olene in movin Wert the Coil thet changes into if. Producing induces) Cuvrertt. ly 4s being “henaformes| only 2 clo m0 net j Work clone fore eS ar dso notSCIENCE CAREER COACHING Fleming's Rigkt Hand Rule Fleming's right hand rule gives ws tre | directo of indliced Sp Gen iA @ Conductor moving in @ magnetic fF Ih we Stetch the first fimger, Centro] imngey and thumb of oun ri hand in “mutually epee. directions such thot firet finger pols | long the ctirection of the field ahd thumb is along the 9 direction of motion of the comduchr, tHwn centred srger exoula oe Us the directon of induad current: Me £ a g eee = ef wet nae \ In the given fi A bar mesnet id quickly | moveol cts De ecuara es haa a ad i Predict the polarity of tre “plates A ond cecane a ca . x je North pole is approaching +e m. + tucedl Baird in Te face of eevee Mare flo-in such oo war sees have dike nowy pele So, south pole in Hop when vieiwest rom right ‘hancl A ine ls flows ob Inclucecl Newsant age acquires positive. polasa ty Contact No.- 8003024331, 9308068859 [10]‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar s SCIENCE CAREER COACHING me Rael jal Preclict +Hre clivection Of Hneluces! Current in the tuedion, clercribesl by Hre” following figuros - a Ce (Ee CEP WY ee (Topping ke ust coced) Rheostat setting ee being changed ( ') : Cre | | ; se y ty aN Topo ats (te) {Curent (1) decreasing at GD |e steady rate (Tapping kay just released) So). South pole clevelops a4 Ce: SOu Cis must be Clockwise at MEDC) Pain this cose would cevelop s- pele at a Seaeeall XY would also develop S ‘pole at x. So the induceat Cument in coil Pa will be pen Ytop omel induced current in coil xy will he from x toy (C) Trelucte current in the Vight loop will be along. xyz. (1) Zreluceel Curent in the ley loop will be along zyx A Seen pom promt : q (©) Trdluced Cirrent in the Hight Coil is prem x ty. G ) No Current 4 induceot because pie i - mee plane of tee loge tins of na Contact No,--8003024131, 9309068859 [T= t Induced| __ ScIENGE CAREER COACHING __tsuy,,, tice pee tewem., wth, sts sid ry ce me en” (are eh 8 ons ee atten in ead, as contoming a magnetic Field jn i Tre field ib Meter he ic* Tem. aleng the Be | die ae au oes Sleeveasieg iv gk the yoke o> T/s- Dedoumime direction ond | ee. WE Grelacal Canetti tre eee resistance, 1 4S $0).Given that - A =Uiznio®) = lu x14 mt, velocity Ve |xid'm, E = e f VE BxI ms Beem, Se 2 7 Ts 2 Re 4sxs2n Rode of Change of magnetic x clue 4 at | in B with pte bmg c 4 | | eee = 4 (33) = i4axw4 xjo™ = Luu xsd” Wh/s Rote of change of magnetic flux due 4D motion of the Loop in a non-uniform mognetc field- i f @y = A(a8) (SE) = 144 x14 xo xg = Isr x10 Wb/s nue ea = al Caute a olecreose’ in ux 4 ’ i. - ie Pesitive z-olivecton, “+ Teta) induced emf} le) = a 144 KIS iso x65 me 2-96 xio* y Bret) Crt 7 = e; +ea cade > 12-96 x10s = 2-88 x07 4 ao \ndi Ux, ee es 4k such os 4o Piece, along positive Bten to ockeuwiotUmesh Rajoria \ SCIENCE CAREER COACHING + . motional Electhometive Ferce rat Shows A rectangulon cemclucting Loop b a par the pene o + The Conductor mois tree to move wrthotkt any loss of Hons a <) t> friction etc. The mognetic field is pexpeneliculay J to the plane of paper Sind aiPected inwards. o x Hct the Conductor PE moved tonards te Lett IA Go velocity Vic due 40 which the area enclosed by the Loop PPARs clecreases. Therefore amourch of magnetic §} pfx Unked with the loop recreates ond an em-f 4 imetuced in the Loop th at any dime, the Length Ra= x omdl PQ =L , tren megnetc jax Linked with the loop P@RS is- z p= Blow Then the Induced emf. in the loop corm be given = -dx (eY aa) Us Called Motimal Elechomotive Force. resistance loop at a given instont , the current L at “thet instant Yeon be a= ashe caer SL R R on of inducesl Current Je given by wight hand wide or by Lenz's Law: eeemsi a Contact No.- 8003024131, 309068859 [13 |SCIENCE CAREER COACHING caine Note - anes (a) In Vector form fe =@xv>T | [ers ke eee Tt 44 clean from above eqguocion thet ib GV NE oo Gd Vut or Wid Bur men Im these Condution’s there will be mo induceat emf between ectger of the Conducting rool Ub) Fev inclucact ems betwten. the enger of Of the Conducting rod moving im meagnehc field i% Gs necessary Conduction Hat the ved should Cut the magnetic fielot dines. eet aan Contact No. 8003024131, 9309068859 iiaSCIENCE CAREER COACHING vows mana Troluced EMF clue +o rotation of a Canducting, Too in Li form magnetic field - Lt a conducting rod x of denath LUA rotating \ angular, velocity uo, " Perpendicular. sto a magnetic field 9 Ki x TS Calculate the induced EMF Let Consicia an element tungthy A at distance £ | from the end o of the rod. x Thy the Liner velocity of the v the incued emf in it ae Bvett | Here element ot Yotecting mM & Cireulah Path | OF Fatiun £ se that Vv Aw 4 Hence ele = Bw at [2 Caleulede the inoluced emp in the Complete rad Wwe integrate the above equotioy, 1 th limits © to 1 fae onaet Ne 8003028333, 309060859thro zero: Yotating With a Net Imduceal 21 °F Spokes in 4h rod rotating about a, its length ona PAAR ng Note - Ib a conducting 2 i ular +40 . a need ro. centre then the m the conte have the same ued ciatarnce. Gere! Seeieneearcnne) cAypesence “I! be Induced emf in q whet a Uniform magneHe fidd - Th a wheel of having. Spokes of Length 4° is O | pexpenciculor to a field B, then due 4o j emf Mm each Spoke behaves Mike @ colt af emf e. . points which ave of Cycle totating In x - x x 2 x x x x x x x x xSCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajarie i : p A metallic rod of Lm. length Gs rotated witha went of 50 rew/s, with one end hingeol at Be conte A the end at the cir dinrerenca Dok @ Civculan, metallic rin of yadius dm, obent on axis parsing +h the Site ame) nidlicular to the plane o the ring: A Constant Umiform magnetic ied oy LT porotlel tothe axis iS present eohere.. Jhot “Gb Hye. emf. between tHe Contre ond the fedallic ning 2 pel: Here, yacius of circle Frees yan ve sd ven/s bet He roteding mutallic. red goes fem oP to 0&8 In ¢t sec. “tracing 2 POG= 6 The potencial cliffemca across the rool tems. between Centre 4 Metallic Ring. Be x vede of Change of arta . of Loop a Caren of loop Poe)SCIENCE CAREER COACHING @ a el Copper clise of roolus focm, rotates a Ben rad /$ “about an axis thro at “cendve a} Meron ce to the ide | A uni m jel Pan acts pepe anclicular to the “clue. Te Sata obentiod Aijfearanes alaveloped betwean ods. of Ma disc And te rim (iswnat as Re imducest cument is the resistence epee Dee. ott. © | Sel Here So 20 It rad/s ow ae oo lo Cm O2T 5 R a Gar 0:0629 V prin OX ss e ez XO-2 X 2oIt (lo-!) Meee = 9082S gas A > | @i The Beara of the rectangular Conductor is moved m=O a Side Show in pine unitprm mognesi Dee uy erode plane amd extends waco de zab ae 3 zero fy 2 7b. Qrly” fhe Qem pa possesser substantia resistance ¥- Consider’ the sijuotion when the atm PR Gs pullicl outwards fom acco to w= 2b, and is then moves! bock to x =0 With Constont speed v. ain expression fer the flux, the induas’ ems, fose to pull the am ond the power Joule, heat, Sketch the variation ofSCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umut Haare Comsicler He ‘forwaral motion +m rs0 te 2=2b when Wem pa’ ts at x, magnetic Yux Linked with the Civeuit pars Js - = Blx for ogxdb Mm =..6Lb for 6 £x£2b so the induc e mf ty e = -dd - BLy for oLxcbh At Z ad f as ° for bexe2b When the induceal emf ig non-zero, te megnitucle of} Current Gs Te» 2. Bly 4 fa are Force vequired to kaep the arm PQ in Constmt motion Motion to the Right Motion to the Left uae a ae k fee eerp ., for bgx cob By t t i ! The oclivecHon of the force on Z ‘aaa t PQ Js to the left Nat de Seal The Towle heading loss Ja- a emery, «= ate y* uae, ¥ a MEY ty ocrch OP i tt preg: (eet aaa é borc2b Be t = ° re | | ip thatthe Oh Similar expresions ane obtained feet | Oe ey inwoad motion, oh P@ drom ele ie eu =2b to Z=o. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859 [16—————— | SCIENCE CAREER COACHING tne nn, ggg in Motional [Link]. rene y Cons a conductor © len L 4s moved v4 Lig Menci vin a perpendicular mag matic. eld ‘a | aah. motimal e-m.f- procluceal “in +e Conduct, a e = Blv | Let yr be Hw resistance of movable Arm PR of tH, | rectemaiiar. Cmoluctor, Here we assume thet +e | resistance of remoinmge arm QR» RS ond SP is | negligible pred to “vy, [ Currat Fnduceol in the lop r= = Bly ¥. ¥ eration = Batch go vm mg Meee, 26") eat v | Beacinngy te pte see | Power. require! to push the Conductor is | As “— .. ee cir, mechanical Neate mechanicatly , +4 Eo pemmea sey pd. tt Pee Tt | a g ¢ i = (SY) = Seve ey the Conductoy 9 the power Hence + mechan} Conducstoy nical ertna Ee rica. hehe alee to move. the ™ : 2 Md than energy first Con "ct No.- 8003024133, 309058859 ae =SCIENCE CAREER COACHING A Cel ef number of turns N, onta A ia yototes! ot Q censtant a endl CO, as umifornn mognatic fo a Sees to a vesldtor R. Decuce “the expression pr - (a) Maximum emf incuced in, the coil (b) Power olidsipation in the coil. Let initially area vector A” o anxe 68 wit the olirection coll makes an magneHe field. Let the Coil rotates by an angle @ With the magnetic field in time 2 t ov ° wt Magnetic flux Linked with each Aurn of the ectangular Coil 2a qd db = BA = BACAR = BACOOt Se = - Bawsinwt C= ant J For N tuams of the wil by Faraday’s Law- e=« Nad = Neaw sinwt at or € = ertinwt | Lohine €2 Js maximum or peak volue of emf | in Geil and given by - @. = NBADS = NeAlant) Powe dissipated (p)= Mme = bohne R da the veasstance - Mm @rmms = co = NBA la rca, eet /)~ oy Gano RR 2R | ‘us Stand, Sikar DalSCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria a) 4 Metoltic Suscwe Loop aacp of Sice 15 cm. BE and resistance 1.2 is moved ot a uniform veloc! Pe oe Vv Ws iy a uniform magnetic fied of 27,’ $b, Gill linn being ee 5 oe plane. o ex The, Loop” is Connected to an electrical OvK of resistors , each of Yestance 2. Calculate Speed "ok tre” boop for which 2ma Cwrent flows in the ee on x a x xX» P it a Bet | Isem. | @ x |x Wie eee - ot Beer Ry R eee b= 1Stm &= 27, Reco > 10,1 =3mh PARS 4b a balances! wheatstone bridge Rpmeere oh 2 reshtance com be. removers “. The epuivalent resistance across PR ld given by feeds on, G+ Net resistance of the Circuit = 1+2 = 3.0 - Peete = 2ki0 xs = 6xjn > Volts tential liffesmce acmss cenductr = Val igi = cxic® 6xio> = eeeencG |S 2xlo m/s.Eddy Currents : The eclly Currents are basically tre currents incucesl in. the! b Sh a conducty ol +o change in magnetic Hux Linked with tre Conductor. For example when we move a metal plate euch Ch GF magnetic Held, tren tre relodive motion of the Pee Mcgee Omcichy lacs a conte ee Cencluctoy. e WRe CenducHon electra, making ¢ the (Mclucedl Cuwwxunt whirl about within Kk plote a4 they were Cai i: eddy ( whirlpool ) o Water.d tra ss aay FO, exdly 2 ae Eddy Cunmant Ci)= induced emf COD resistance CR) Bu h ee ° at we Know that (3 age » ie - Ad/at R The direction ot eddy Current is aren by Lenz's law Oy Flemings ret hand rule. Experimental Demonstration “Suspend a flat metaltic plots behwean pole plectS Ni amd & ok an elecchomagnet. Lat St come te rest with its plane perpercliculor to magnetic. peld. the magnetic, Hela) Gy o. the. eu Mee ten bed ron iia ach, At 2 eae +, oscillates freely for a longer time, wt when the | Cleehomagnet 4 su\tcheat dine. Pisotions ok the plate ele hecliars tha plate’ stops vib Saree TS 24 Lecaine ok ay Cubrurts cleveloped jn tre Vibrating Plate! Tear Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar SCIENCE CAREER R COACHING ————umennsjors _ers ok ee v a SCIENCE CAREER ae, Reason iv sition Vest of Hig ae tA. morere) pe is. plate KS Masi Ted Lnkasl ec flux & cols ony ome extreme | e Bane & tesplacel {gg Bie eaves: Thershore £esthien a ut Pace olecreases. Eddy ogre | " ie 3 e ane of ie ph the. Bee, acsovalin Toy Sunde } the pO, oe fun onc hence ~ motion ¢ | ye ee Peal extreme posit Wnilontly when plate returns fom exter, oa eu postion ania Bia He He Increases » magnetic. flux Linkasl with the plete increase Ely conus are. olevetopesl whith oppose Hhe now m flux amd hence the motion of the plate towards te meaty position Tr either coke, vibrations of the plate are oppesec! and hence clamped. How to reduce eddy currents - When & plode with slots atin } ace r , ett cok 7 ‘ Sat teeing Hs 2 te, Semeg tO He Core when no slots eke Bee 2 ae Twis =meank ed One reduc J i COverunrdts ee crt, eee Of Hye jndluced| ct enclesest Ve Hae Ames ) deperel weon thre arta Mea a CIS mii " aes ae the edlely Cuprents the mal Cel: motor Ae Sppliance Tbe olynamo ,tAmspines ch Sa EM Peken in HL pov of Ha" Inguleding ySechdeally jnsulatest fo p poe Poesueh a Core ~4 st ie. Tel Stance the MY Chur; the thin sheeds AY Currents sagt? the individual sheet mierediices! +p a large exteram a ae | Uses of Eddy Currents _ G) Enduchon Furnace - The heating ebbect Of edly Curhents ib useal fox melting a-metal in an induction furnace: Eddy Cunrents ob | Vruclt ane produad by varyin magnetic field: Tae Chan; In the magneHe Fielel are So Tapicdh thot very donge” eddy cuments are qewted amd heat produced 40 duptcient to melt a metal quickly (2) Electric Grokes - TH is an efficient system of brakes employed In eclectic train. The axle of a train iA Lurmounded by A Coaxial cylindrical anim. When thre train 4s de be Stepped} a Strong magnetic fidd i appited to the votating drum. This results in the genaction oy the ey eddy currents which oppose He rdative mohin and tus te train slows down anol Comes to vest quickly. G:) Speeclometey — Th O Speecloreter, the magnet rotates cee @ pivoted metallic drum. The Spel of Yotation clepends depends on the specdi oj; tre vehicle. Eddy Current iy causes the magnet to votote with the chum. hy an angle which Gd propexhonal = ok the vehicle. 4 Porter attached to the a reading ob the Speed of the vehicle on Scale > Gahenometes— the current flow 2 ected and a ; vy the Col end, do oscillate — : eens OO eddy cumrents 3 Howertr thre ry motion, ilk } oppose the OSU Ee ee Pre rest quickly: sm the Col ob a moving Soon &%SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria eq — any dwd useful appleotions of eddy sol. ©) Magnetic brake (b) Magnete Furnace / Induction Cooker oor @! A Jet plone wu ‘teavelling wet at the Speed of 1800 Km/h. What Ww the voltage Hi pyerance Gaveloped between te ends of the Using 25m long if the earth's magnetic fell at the Laadion had a megnituce of Sxio4 T amd the lip angle 4s 30"? Sb Given thot - V = 1800 Km/y = soo m)s C225 , Be ski 7 2 eeu ee = Oly By > Verticle. Component of > a (ev canth's Held 5) e@ = (Sins) Lv = 5xie" x Sindo x25 x 500 @= sl Voltion is y the coit opp, he Property of a coit by virtue of which, n 'g¢ in the strength of current ‘cing an emf. in itself. if induction is For this reason, sel In Fig. 4(a).15, contact position on the coil-while the also called the inertia of electricity. Coil L is changed by varying the a ‘iable Variable resistor, a self induced e.m.f, appears in ; Current is changing + if current in a A'Whea curre Toes ‘iow fe te ThA 's Increasing, the self induced e.m.f. (e) appears ; Hin a direction such th; at it opposes the increase. Therefore, — Pies n aditection Sonosite to 1 oe 4(a).16(a). TOOSTOTOTOTIOOOND When current (1) is decreasin an @ ig, the self induced e.m,f. (e) appears = A direction, such that it opposes the decrease. Therefore, yA € direction of (1), Fig. 4(a).16(b) - Coefficient of Self Induction across the coil in it would be in thi lee \, Suppose 1 = strength of current flowing through a coil at any time [POCCBTSSEOOOEDDOOS = amount of magnetic flux linked with all the turns of eo the coil at that time. ! a It is found that «1 or o=L1\|S wws(12) where L is a constant of proportionality and is called coefficient of self induction or self inductance of the coil. The value of L depends on number of turns, area of cross-section and nawure of material of the core on which the coil is wound. If7=1, 6=Lx1 or L=6. Therefore, Coefficient of self induction of a coil is numerically equal to the amount of magnetic flux > linked with the coil when unit current flows through the coil. Now, the e.m-f. induced in the coil is given by ‘ dp_ d di | pe abe dry i soixtt em BL (13) e=-Lx1 or L=~e. Hence, self induorion of a coil is equal o the e.m.f. induced in the coil when rate of ugh the coil is unity.-Inductance is a scalar quantity. at Radics Lyolt © dildt Lampere/sec is said to be one henry (H) whe ease Gai fior 1 vb ie heh | vg 1 volt-seclampere = 1 weber/ampere 1 millibenry (1 mH) = 103 henry, I microhenry (1 tH) = 10-6 henry, bat dt Thenry =— e meat ERE TCR rey As work) Wade > qd 1 _ wer) ‘A wire cannot act as an inductor F MPT 2A) ‘as magnetic flux linked with wire lag of negligible area of cross section js zero. The wire has to be in the Sampie Propiem §§ What emf. will be induced in a 10 ane Pe ceri os an inductor in which current changes from 10 A to7 Ain 9x 10S? i\cctor, Further, self induced Sol Here, ¢=7L.= 108.1, = 10.8, =7 A, d= 9% 1078 em. appears only during the time mn x 1) -10(7-10) the current is changing. s bf dU) \S £ 2 i ae imple Proton P A coil of inductance 0-5 H is connected to a 18 V battery rate of growth of current ? ‘alculate the a [Link], L=05H,e=E=18¥, 7 =" From Ldllat (leaving neg. sign) : dl_e_18 —=36As! a L OS AC 14. SELF INDUCTANCE OF A LONG SOLENOID A long solenoid is that whose length is very large as compared to its radius of cross- section. The ‘magnetic field B at any point inside such a solenoid is practically constant and is given by by NI ‘ Sahat (14) \ where Jip is absolute magnetic permeability of free space/air, which for Tength of the solenoid, V is total number of turns in the solenoid. na ms the core of the solenoid, | is + Magnetic flux through each turn of the solenoid coil = BX afea of each tum =( elas \ gh where A is area of each turn of the solenoid. \ Total magnetic fux linked with the solenoid = ie. o=H) 4! AXN lux through each tum x total number of turns on(15) IfL is coefficient of self inductance of the solenoid, then oni = (16) From (15) and (16), U =)“ 1axn or [see | a ore is of any other magnetic material, jy is replaced by j1, where HHH)fol } t Pea circus 6< pert a) ean dice t oA IN {o ms+ 5 " inoluced , Coleulate the Salt ty gol Given tha - se Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, SikaSCIENCE CAREER COACHING mesh Rajora — ‘ AA some och emf £ is weol do establish a Covent I, thru Q& Coil of Sell inductance PL. Show ted oy done en Source of build wp the coment Toi Lcrr, \ i The Source emf € establishes current in col in opposition of inclued emf ( Lenc's law) ane hence. ocloes work for the Same, This work olone. "i ee in the trem of magnetic ennrey let T current flows +hrough she cil of self imducetonce L at any instant & cohen rote of Change b Cwerent in coil is AT/at- Treluced emf e =-lat at Werk done in establishing the Current in small time interval ot is given by- dw = Polk = -ETdt = Selx oho EES aka Pe ET Ar 2. Total wWorls alone in increasing the Cuveent pom zoo fo Tr wt x = Beer at = bf rat 2 2 i fee [=], ge C a *jtwo coils of induct Fig. 4(a).17, the inducta : =0, ‘ ince L and L are connected in series, and the coefficient of coupling K Nas in series, =e te, “srrent through each coil is same and potential divides, therefore, e = €1 + €2 a, di RDG i ae b Tor (18) GON ; a 19000000, \ ©) Coit When two coils of inductance L, and Ly are connected in parallel, and the coefficient of coupling K = 0, Fig. 4(a).18, then as in Parallel, potential remains the same and current divides, therefore, T= +h Sa e di L 1 As e=e,=¢ = Eqns. (18) and (19) show that grouping of induct grouping of resistances i.e R,=R, +R) and Tri An inductance is said to be ideal, jf it has no Go resistance, In actual practice, due to finite ibs Tesistance of conductors, every inductor has some bud ‘The reverse imay or may not be true, have a resistance with or without — A resistance without inductance > ictive Yesisiance. It is obtained ig the wire on itself and coiling it . 4(a).19. The inductive effects ime current is flowing in two ions. In a resistance box, all made non-inductive. is the self inductance of a solenoid of ie sea Tength 40 cm, area of cross = 04 m, A= 20 em? = 20 x 10-4 m2 1077 (800)? x20 10-4 ies Tie T= N= 800 402 x 103 Hinduction is the property of two coils by virtue of which each creat change in Strength of current flowing through the other by developing an induced e.m-Jf. } To understand it, let us take two coils P and S held closeby. P is connected to a cell through a key K. 5 * is Connected to a sensitive galvanometer G, Fig. 4(a).20. On pressing or releasing K, galvanometer shows ‘a sudden temporary deflection, This is due to mutual 6 induction as detailed below : On pressing K, current in P increases from zero to maximum value. It takes some time. During this time (of make M), current in P is increasing. Therefore, ‘magnetic flux linked with P is increasing. As S is, closeby, magnetic flux associated with S also increases. An emf, is induced in S. According to Lenz’s law, the induced current in § would oppose increase in current in P by flowing in a direction opposite to the cell current in P. \ \ On releasing K, current in P decreases from maximum to zero value, It takes some time. During this time (of break B), current in P is decreasing. Therefore, magnetic flux linked with P is decreasing. As S is held closeby ; magnetic flux associated with S also decreases. An e.m.f. is induced in S. According to Lenz’s law, induced current in $ during break flows in the direction of the cell current in P so as to oppose the ‘ decrease in current in P i. e. it prolongs the decay of current Coefficient of Mutual Inductance Suppose, = strength of current in one coil ‘otal amount of magnetic flux linked with all the turns of the neighbouring coil INDUCED CURRENT| <=m 6 \ Ss \Mtisfound that = «1 or MI (20) | where M is a constant of proportionality and is called coefficient of mutual induction or mutual inductance of the two coils. i=l, $=Mx1 or M=6. Thus, lent of mutual inductance of two coils is numerically equal to the i , " a amount linked with one coil when unit current flows through the neighbouring coil a ‘The exm4, induced in the neighbouring coil is given by ¢ a) ie (21) when a current change in the other coil,he dimensioy the same as the dimer tal inductance are it cervent) in all P The coefficient nS of self-inductance changes, an ¢-rf: WATT wo colls dope naett of Mutual inductance o DO) induced in - current in coil 5c! ? ( geometry of two coils, ig UF otis. will be induced their shape, moose size of coils, in coil P. That is why the of turns, nature material on which two coils art wound, ENE DVM © process is called mutual (ii) distance between two coils ; pear (iii) relative placement o : + In self induction, change in strength of current in a coil is opposed by the coil itself BY inducing an emf inselt. However, in mutual induction, one coil opposes any change the strength of current in the neighbouring coil, It should be clearly understood that 5 Shutual induction isf over and above the self induction of each coil, due to change in and above the self indu = magnetic flux in both. TS A curyent of 10/A in primary of a circuit is reduced to zero at a uniform is the induced e.m-f. in the secondary ? 3(0-10) at _-M(,-1) ‘ gh a 3 10Y dt at 10 | S.1. Coefticient of coupting (K) of two coils is a measure of the i < coupling between the two coils. Iti DN K a Ge KNOVV where Ly and L are coefficients of self inductance of the two coils and M is coefficient of mutual inductance of fen by (22) ¥e cases are shown in Fig. 4(a),21 ‘is maximum, that in (a) in series that their coefficient of coupling K 1, then we can show Pe. ee See? 2 £61, 2 ae, when current in two| Alene |} THYSICS ©, ls, ‘ay al Inductance « of Coaxial Solenoids Pett 5, 20d 5, of ay, surrounds solenoid §, ™* Mutu: Two Long 1 owo long ah tac solenoid So wolong coaxial solenoids of same length Leen, be the numberof turns per unit length of, the number of turns per unit length of S,, 7, je!."! pase through solenoid S, and @y, be flux linked a fhe to current flowing through 5 5 by <1, of Oy, =M,, 1, where, My, is the coefficient of mutual induction of the ‘two solenoids. When current is passed through solenoid $,, an ents induced in solenoid S;.Magnetic field produced inside solenoid S, on passing current through ic By = wom, Magnetic flux linked with each turn of solenoid S, will be ‘equal to B, times the area of cross-section of solenoid 5, Magnetic flux linked with each turn of the solewid S,=BA. Therefore, toral i is with the solenoids; es magnetic flux linked with n= BAX n,/ Hom T,X AX ml $2) =Honn,Al,! @ My =onyn, Al ‘mutual inductance bewween 1. g ‘urrenc is passed through solenoid, luced in solenoid S, and is ot vo bMS etic Induction oxher magnetic Material Lis placed, yy, of 7 ot, NGA 6 [w= i | frequently asked in prey has beer vous years wp Mae 2015, E oun! pe poaisg. calculate the emf induced in secondary eojt 1 - cane engl induced, e =? ee Mal seed in secondary coil is given by ¢ = Mal emf induc Pi jn current, dl =3A in time, dt =1 millisecond = 105 3 senfinduced =" 3x 10'V AMPLE |7| 41m long solenoid with diameter 2 cm ‘xi2i00 tums has a secondary coil of 1000 turns wound tidy near its mid-point. What will be the mutual siaclance between the two coils? Sol Given, = 1m,r = jen =1em=10%m 'N, = 2000, N, =1000, A = mr? =n (10)? m? ="x10™'m?, M =? Mutual inductance between the two coils is given by M=HoNiNaA _ 4x10" x 2000%1000% x x10" T 10? = 789x107 H a an |8| A circular wire TM olae eerie, §8, Placed in 4 ntred at the origin to tun? Of Side a (a << R) r= sp placed with its Fy along the axis of i, as shown in le of, "hae square loop the, ith respect : _-* Mutual inductance between the loops is ‘hen find the value of p. two coils, which hy 6] There are ils, which have mun 40H. When the circuit is closed, current nee Coil is raised to 3 A within a time range of Sol,— ee _SEIBNCE CAREER ConcunNg eso Concentric Gweula, fe a i OF Coils dive % and va (y, mae C1 and ¢, 6 va ‘ z ' TL) ves . 2 of ie mp" ae eels ab express} : poet inductance between i, oat mutual t~ | In cose ck tuo Concentric coils ee 7 cuwwart Flows thio F induced in the. ae Coil, the emt ig Let To Current posses thwough the toil Cr- Magnictic fill at centre clue to Current Loop Co B, = MeN, To [Na = number of tw] are in coil Co. Total mognetic flux Linkeal with coil 1 p, = NBA; = oN (denete)erer) 22 ¢ = Min 2 JENIN2 Yj To wo = “nD an eel 2M