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Carboxylic Acids Overview and Reactions

The document discusses carboxylic acids. It states that carboxylic acids have the general formula CnH2n+1COOH and contain a carboxyl functional group. The names of carboxylic acids end in "oic acid". The four simplest carboxylic acids are methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, and butanoic acid. Carboxylic acids react similarly to other acids with metals and metal carbonates, producing salts, hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and water. Vinegar contains ethanoic acid.

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MUNSURUL HAQUE
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164 views2 pages

Carboxylic Acids Overview and Reactions

The document discusses carboxylic acids. It states that carboxylic acids have the general formula CnH2n+1COOH and contain a carboxyl functional group. The names of carboxylic acids end in "oic acid". The four simplest carboxylic acids are methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, and butanoic acid. Carboxylic acids react similarly to other acids with metals and metal carbonates, producing salts, hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and water. Vinegar contains ethanoic acid.

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MUNSURUL HAQUE
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EDEXCEL IGCSE (9-1) CHEMISTRY

REVISION BOOKLET

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Carboxylic Acid

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Carboxylic Acids have the general formula CnH2n+1COOH
Carboxylic acids are a homologous series of hydrocarbons which contain an -COOH group.

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Carboxylic acids have names which end in “oic acid”. Examples are methanoic acid, ethanoic acid.

Carboxylic acids all contain an -COOH functional group attached to a hydrocarbon

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chain

The four simplest carboxylic acids are methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid and

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butanoic acid.

Methanoic acid

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Displayed formula:
Molecular formula: CH₂O₂
Structural formula: HCOOH

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Ethanoic acid
Displayed formula:
Molecular formula: C₂H₄O₂

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Structural formula: CH₃COOH

Propanoic acid
Displayed formula:

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Molecular formula: C₃H₆O₂
Structural formula: CH₃CH₂COOH

Butanoic acid
Displayed formula:
Molecular formula: C₄H₈O₂
Structural formula: CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH

● Instructor : MH. Swopneel | Edexcel High Achiever


● Instructor : MH. Swopneel | Edexcel High Achiever

● Dilute carboxylic acids react with metals in the same way as other dilute acids
(e.g. hydrochloric acid) only more slowly. ( we get salt + hydrogen here as well)

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For example, dilute ethanoic acid reacts with magnesium with fizzing to produce a salt
and hydrogen, leaving a colourless solution of magnesium ethanoate:

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magnesium + ethanoic acid → magnesium ethanoate + hydrogen
Mg (s) + 2CH₃COOH (aq) → (CH₃COO)₂Mg (aq) + H₂ (g)

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● Dilute carboxylic acids react with metal carbonates as they do with other acids, to

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give salt, carbon dioxide and water. (we get salt + carbon dioxide + water here as well)
For example, dilute ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate with a lot of fizzing to
produce a salt, carbon dioxide and water, leaving a colourless solution of sodium
ethanoate:

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sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid → sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
Na₂CO₃ (s) + 2CH₃COOH (aq) → 2CH₃COONa (aq) + CO₂ (g) + H₂O (l)

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As can be seen in the examples above the charge on the ethanoate ion is -1.

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Vinegar is an aqueous solution containing ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH).

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● Instructor : MH. Swopneel | Edexcel High Achiever

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