COURSE TITLE: Electrical Circuits Design I Lab

COURSE CODE: 182.6

E XPERIMENT NO.: 03
EXPERIMENT NAME: Study and verification of
Superposition Theorem.

Su b mitted To: Su b
By: mitted

Name: Md Jubayer Islam

Mr Jahid Hasan Tushar

De pt. of Computer Science &

Engineering, SEU Section 06

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 10 January, 2024

Experiment No: 03

Experiment Name: Study and verification of Superposition

Obj ecti ves:

To verify experimentally the Superposition

theorem which is an analytical technique of

determining currents in a circuit with more than

one EMF source.

Validate the superposition theorem.

Demonstrate that the superposition theorem can

be applied to both current and voltage levels.

Theory:

The superposition theorem states that the current

through or the voltage across any resistive branch of

multi-source network is the algebraic sum of the

contributions due to each source acting independently.

When the effects of one source is considered, the others

are replaced by their internal resistances.

Superposition is effective on for linear circuit

relationships. It cannot in general be applied to non-

linear circuits or to non-linear functions such as power.

For Example, the circuit diagram is shown below consists of

two voltage sources V1 and V2 -

r1 r2

+ +
r3
V1 V2

- -

First, take the source V1 alone and short circuit the V2 source

as shown in the circuit diagram below.

r1 r2
i1 ` `
i2

+
r3
V1

i3 `

Here, the value of current flowing in each branch, i1, i2 and i3

is calculated by the following equations:

The difference between the above two equations gives the

value of the current i3

Now, activating the voltage source V2 and deactivating the

voltage source V1 by short-circuiting it, find the various

currents, i1, i2 & i3 flowing in the circuit diagram shown

below:

r1 r2
i1 ” i2 ”

+
r3
V2

-
i3 ”

And the value of the current i3 will be calculated by the

equation shown below:

As per the superposition theorem, the value of current i1, i2 &

i3 is now calculated as:

A pparatus:

1. Breadboard

2. Power Supply

3. Resistor

4. Digital Multi-meter

5. Tinker cad Software

C ircuit D g ia ram:

R1 = 1 KΩ R2 = 1 KΩ

+ +
R2

V1

-
10 volts
= 1 KΩ 5 volts

-
V2

F C
or urrent

Source V 1 l a one and short circuitin g th e V 2

Source V 2 l a one and short circuitin g th e V 1

F or Vo l gta e

For KL V :

R1 = 100 Ω

R2 = 200 Ω

R3 = 300 Ω

R4 = 50 Ω

V = 20 volts

I2 = I1 - I3

D ata C ll
o ection:

I3 = 5 mA; when V1 & V2 both are connecte

I’3 = 3.33 mA; when source V1 alone and V2 short

I’’3 = 1.67 mA; when source V2 alone and V1 shor

V3 = 7.50 volts; when V1 & V2 both are connecte

V’3 = 5.00 volts; when source V1 alone and V2 shor

V’’3 = 2.50 volts; when source V2 alone and V1 short

Cl l
a cu ation:

When both V1 & V2 are connected, then;

L oop 1 : 2 i1 - i2 = 10

L oop 2 : 2 i2 - i1 = 5

So;

i1 = 5 mA

i2 = 0

i3 = 5 mA

Now,

First, take the source V1 alone and short circuit the V2 source

as shown in the circuit diagram below

r1 r2
`
i1 i2 `

+
r3
V1

i3`

Now,

L oop 1 : i’1 + i’1 - i’2 - 10 = 0

2 i’1 - i’2 =10 …………….(i)

L oop 2 : i’2 + i’2 - i’1 = 0

-i’1 + 2i’2 = 0………………(ii)

By solving the equation, we get,

i’1 = 6.67 mA

i’2 = 3.33 mA

i’3 = 3.34 mA

Now, activating the voltage source V2 and deactivating the

voltage source V1 by short-circuiting it

r1 r2
i1 ” i2 ”

+
r3
V2

-
i3 ”

Now,

L oop 1 : i’’2 + i’’2 - i’’1 - 5 = 0

2 i’’2 - i’’1 =5 …………….(i)

L oop 2 : ’’1 + i’’1 - i’’2 = 0

-i’’2 + 2i’’1 = 0………………(ii)

By solving the equation, we get,

i’’2 = 3.33 mA

i’’1 = 1.67 mA

i’’3 = 1.66 mA

Similarly for voltage;

Req = 1.5 k-ohm

V3 = I3*Req = 7.50 volts

V’3 = I’3*Req = 5.00 volts

V’’3 = I’’3*Req = 2.50 volts

So;

V3 = V’3 + V’’3

R l esu t:

Theoretica y: ll
C urrent

Main C ircuit V1 connected V2 V2 connected V1

C urrent short short

I1 = 5 mA I’1 = 6.67 mA I’’1 = 1.67 mA I’1 - I’’1 = 5 mA

I2 = 0 mA I’2 = 3.33 mA I’’2 = 3.33 mA I’2 - I’’2 = 0 mA

I3 = 5 mA I’3 = 3.34mA I’’3 = 1.66 mA I’3 + I’’3 = 5 mA

Vo l g ta e

Main C ircuit V1 connected V2 V2 connected V1

C urrent short short

V3 = 7.50 V V’3 = 5.00 V V’’3 = 2.50 V V3 = V’3 + V’’3

P ractica ll y:

I3 = 5 mA;

I’3 = 3.33 mA;

I’’3 = 1.67 mA;

So;

V3 = V’3 + V’’3

So; Superposition Theory Is Verified.

D iscussion:

R= 1 KΩ are used for every resistance

V1 Voltage Source is 10 volt

V2 Voltage Source is 5 volts

Ammeter is connected in series .➢

Experiments are done in Tinker C ad Websit

As everything done by digital website, there should

be no error.

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