SUPPLEMENTATION AND DOPING IN SPORTS
NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
DRA. MARISSA ISLAS
ERGOGENIC AIDS
Is any training technique, mechanical device, nutritional ingredient or practice pharmacological method or
psychological technique that can improve exercise performance capacity or enhance training adaptations.
• Prepare for exercise
Ergogenic • Improve exercise efficiency
aids help to: •
•
Enhance recovery
Assist in injury prevention
HOW IS THE ERGOGENIC EFFECT GUARANTEED?
Before considering that a substance has an
ergogenic effect, it is necessary to carry out
properly designed scientific studies to
corroborate it.
In addition, apart from seeing if a certain
substance helps to increase sports
performance, it is necessary to evaluate the
effect on the health of the consumer.
ARE SUPPLEMENTS ERGOGENIC AIDS?
A nutritional supplement is ergogenic if peer reviewed studies demonstrate the supplement significantly enhances
exercise performance following – weeks to months of ingestion.
A supplement may also have ergogenic value if it acutely enhances the ability of an athlete to perform an exercise
task or enhances recovery from a single exercise.
DEFINITION OF SUPPLEMENT
The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 ("DSHEA"), is a 1994 statute of United States Federal
legislation which defines and regulates dietary supplements.
DSHEA defines the term:
"dietary supplement"
• to mean a product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the
diet that bears or contains one or more dietary ingredients, including
a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other botanical, an amino acid, a
dietary substance for use by human to supplement the diet by
increasing the total dietary intake, or a concentrate, metabolite,
constituent, extract, or combination of any of the aforementioned
ingredients.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
Dietary supplements to enhance exercise and athletic performance come in a variety of forms, including tablets,
capsules, liquids, powders, and bars.
Many of these products contain numerous ingredients in varied combinations and amounts.
Among the more common ingredients are amino acids, protein, creatine, and caffeine.
According to one estimate, retail sales of the category of “sports nutrition supplements” totaled $5.67 billion in
2016, or 13.8% of $41.16 billion total sales for dietary supplements and related nutrition products for that year
CONS IN THE USE OF SUPPLEMENTS IN SPORT:
In addition, the consumption of supplements in sport can result in:
A small but real risk of positive "doping" in elite athletes.
Loss or waste of money on products that just don't work.
Loss or deterioration of the consumer's health.
Prohibited Contaminants in Dietary Supplements
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AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF SPORT (AIS) SPORTS SUPPLEMENT
CLASSIFICATION
The ABCD Classification system ranks sports foods and supplement ingredients into four groups according to
scientific evidence and other practical considerations that determine whether a product is safe, permitted and
effective in improving sports performance.
The ABCD Classification system focuses on sports foods and individual ingredients rather than specific
supplement products and brands.
SUPPLEMENT ABUSE
Currently, the existence of the abuse of all kinds of substances to
improve sports performance and physical fitness is a reality.
The interest in health and body aesthetics has increased the sale of
supplements, herbal preparations, weight loss products,
performance enhancers, etc., many of them without scientific basis.
Sometimes these substances are usually obtained on the black market,
so their quality cannot be guaranteed, detecting the inclusion of other
undeclared components that carry health risks and are illegal.
In the other hand, there is no government body that regulates the
safety and efficacy of supplements, there is no control over
whether or not their "supposed function" is proven.
Standardization and categorization of supplements are essential for
their control.
SUPPLEMENT TOXICITY
The consumption of supplements in excess presents toxicity
problems:
The limited control of these products,
A higher intake of nutrients (vitamins and minerals) in amounts higher than
your maximum tolerable intake.
Consuming too much of a particular vitamin or mineral can reduce the
availability of other nutrients.
Under normal conditions, when active people consume a diet
balanced to their needs, they cover their energy and nutritional needs.
Supplements should be used cautiously:
assess the individual's health, diet, dietary and energy needs, and drug use.
ANABOLIC SUBSTANCES
Doping does not only affect professional athletes.
The use of anabolic substances is a reality in gyms.
Anabolic steroids are substances derived from the main male hormone, testosterone.
They stimulate muscle development, being able to also strengthen bones and reduce body fat.
Together with the anabolic effect, they have the androgenic effect, that is, they produce masculine characteristics, such as
facial hair and deepening of the voice.
In the body, metabolic transformations are also produced, among which the formation of female sex hormones, estrogens,
which can make breasts grow in men, therefore its side effects can be extensive and very dangerous.
SIDE EFFECTS OF STEROID USE
Men Women Teenagers
• Shrinkage of testicles • Facial hair growth • Early cessation of growth due to
• Reduced sperm count • Baldness (male pattern) premature skeletal maturity
• Infertility • Changes or cessation of the • Accelerated puberty changes
• Baldness Increased risk of menstrual cycle
prostate cancer • Clitoral enlargement
• Thickening of the voice
NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS: MARKETING OR REALITY
The world of sports and physical activity is full of products that seek greater resistance.
Accelerate recovery
They reduce body fat,
Increase muscle mass
They aim to achieve other goals
necessary for athletic performance
The improvement of the physical
appearance.
FOOD SUPPLEMENTS NATIONAL REGULATION
The "food supplement" does not require a sanitary registration for its commercialization, it is enough to present a
notice of operation before COFEPRIS in which the product is defined, the name of the product should be
indicated and the company is identified and indicated.
In the other hand, ANAISA, brings together leading companies, both national and international, of nutritional
supplements.
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CERTIFIED PRODUCTS
NSF International Certified for Sport® online directory of certified
products. [Link]
Informed Sport. [Link]
Mars Image
Image of the nutritional information of a
product sold in GNC
REFERENCES
Kreider,Richard B. Essentials of Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Science to Practice. Lulu Publishing Services 2019.
Mahan, K., Escott-Stump, S., Raymond, J. (2013). Krause Dietoterapia. Elsevier: España.
THE AIS SPORTS SUPPLEMENT FRAMEWORK. February 2019.
Asociación Nacional de la Industria de Suplementos Alimenticios, A.C. en línea [[Link]
National Institute of Health. En línea: [[Link]
HealthProfessional/]
