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Nuclear Medicine Overview by Sania Rahim

This document provides an overview of several nuclear medicine procedures including VQ scans, thyroid scans, thyroid uptake tests, bone scans, gastric emptying studies, HIDA scans, and PET scans. VQ scans evaluate lung perfusion and ventilation to detect pulmonary embolisms. Thyroid scans assess nodules and their uptake of radiotracer to determine if they are hyperactive or malignant. Bone scans detect areas of abnormal bone turnover that could indicate cancer or other bone diseases. PET scans use radiolabeled tracers to identify certain types of cancers but can have false positives from inflammation or other benign conditions.

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188 views28 pages

Nuclear Medicine Overview by Sania Rahim

This document provides an overview of several nuclear medicine procedures including VQ scans, thyroid scans, thyroid uptake tests, bone scans, gastric emptying studies, HIDA scans, and PET scans. VQ scans evaluate lung perfusion and ventilation to detect pulmonary embolisms. Thyroid scans assess nodules and their uptake of radiotracer to determine if they are hyperactive or malignant. Bone scans detect areas of abnormal bone turnover that could indicate cancer or other bone diseases. PET scans use radiolabeled tracers to identify certain types of cancers but can have false positives from inflammation or other benign conditions.

Uploaded by

asfadsi23
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

IntroductiontoNuclearMedicine

SaniaRahim PGY4 BCMc/o2008

BasicsofGammaRaydetection

VQScan
Usesoneradiopharmaceuticaltoevaluate perfusion Usesasecondradiopharmaceuticalto evaluateventilation Mismatch betweenperfusionandventilation isaPE

ThyroidScan
Generallyspeaking: ThyroidScan:Evaluatenodulesfelton palpation/seenonimaging Hot nodulestakeupmoreiodineandare thoughttobehyperactiveandhavealow probabilityofcancer Cold nodulesdonottakeupiodineandhave aremorelikelytobemalignant

ThyroidUptake
Usesthecomparisonoftheknownquantityof administeredradiopharmaceuticaltothe emittedcounts givenoffbythethyroidgland toestimatetheactivityofthethyroid Moreactivethyroids(generallyGraves Disease)haveHIGHERuptakes Alsousedintreatmentplanning

ThyroidScintigraphy

BoneScans
Basedontheprincipleofboneturnoveris BAD! Blasticlesionsarehot,butsoare degenerativeprocesses,infection,fracture andcertainbenignetiologies Coldthingscanbebadtoo!Lyticlesionsand avascularnecrosis Readingscansisaboutrecognizingpatterns andcorrelatingtohistory

ThreePhaseBoneScans
Sameprincipleasdelayedbutwithtwo additionalphasestoassesshyperemiain tissueandinbone Osteomyelitisishotinallthreephases Cellulitisorsofttissueinfectionhotinthefirst phasebutnormalinthesecondtwo Acutefracturecanhavesimilarappearanceto osteomyelitis

GastricEmptyingStudies
Usesradiolabeledfood(yum!) Patternofgammaemissioncorrespondsto transitoffood Canwatch digestionorthelackthereofand diagnosegastroparesis

HIDAScan
HIDAscansusearadiopharmaceuticalthatmimicsbile. Canvisualizeliverdysfunctionbyevaluateabilityofthe livertoextracttheradiopharmaceuticalfromtheblood Ifthereisagallbladderthatisnotedematous (hallmarkofcholecystitis)theradiopharmaceutical shouldenterit IfitDOESNTscanisconsistentwithacutecholecystitis Ifthepharamceuticalentersthegallbladderthe patientdoesnothaveacutecholecystitis

HIDAScan

PETPhysics

WhichCancers?
PETapprovedforBreast,Lung,Prostate,Head andNeckand(most)Lymphomas. AlsousedinMultipleMyeloma,Melanoma, GIST,andSarcomas Notusefulinrenalcellcancer,bladdercancer becauseofphysiologicactivity Notgreatforlookingatprimarycoloncancers butgreatatcolonmets

FalsePositivesofPET
Manypitfalls,experiencedreadersneeded! Difficulttodiscriminatetreatedrelated changes(inflammation)frominfectionfrom cancer Degenerativechangesandenthesopathycan behot Socaninflammatory/granulomatousdiseases

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