as | 8) Bitumen Content (%6) 4s 55 Bitumen Content (%)Jabreii dan MUU 1D: es o577L8 ana Matin ‘Weight measurement of compacted Marshal specimen. | susmerg | surtece | eukspecite eins |edwe | aed | imwatr | -inssD ania (emiec | A ia fase [2 1226 | 12359) 2.260 _ a4 aa [2371 Aieage 5 Tames | 2250, 518 [ase | 2334 17235 Tazsas | 2280 average | 2.24 508 Tas [2329 ims [risa | 2507 [2305 aia [7143 [206 [232s ave id wasz6_[7i9 [3501 | 2324 ‘asoa [73 [12633 [2333 1258 12625 [221 AN Ss nasi [7mas [12686 [2393 1656 [728 | 12624 [2331 12523 [734 [12607 —]2 399 ‘average | 2.38pssst POS veo ane, faved O28 was proposed £0" CF soxpected trafic wrirely sino-sruck om ruck with an 2 ; * Te saat in) elas each af the vehi 168! je the truck factor £0 a) peternin o-osi! i) 1 3 Bee. oor t a)t _— 4 tthe nap ofthese Tuck oe saat track: 200,enel toa assuming natrattic aaa Mee ees su/stcirectional sti nt eet it al the design period sr aypnes en one cirection (orn single lane or desien 12) sue 2407 Eee frastew Jn I — Noe 458/008 p xos mbox 20% gov 2 bhbowrr® 3 6se8™ panat qi: 38S KP sev? et gee AO ere wer” T° Tur SO5% gosaiaos™ zor 10?4. Determine the CBI below (3% mark). R value of the soil sample in which the test data is given in the Tal Penetration (mm) 6.0 |7.0 Load (kN) 8.8 |9 10 9 8 Bi, ase Sd ge Seed Z BS 3 4 a4 2 1 ° » Penetration (mm) —— ae cofasy: eet ee “iat acy CEES: 08 7 = fiat jel! peck 5 Syl > HOEY s AT Tdiv ng project specific data: > Estimated ADT over the design period 330....Thus Double surface treatment is se : Existing surface: itis new road, therefore itis considered as untreated or to be primed base > Climate of the site: Arid (very hot) Available aggregate (chippings) for the work: * For the first layer: Cubical single-sized aggregate with nominal size of 20mm, median size of 14 mm and flakiness index of 22. + For the second layer: Cubical single-sized aggregate with nominal size of 10mm, median size of 7 mm and flakiness index of 22. The bitumen selected is 400/500 penetration grade binder to be made from 7% softener ixed with 93 % PG 80/100 for both layers. > MC-70 cutback is selected for application as a prime coat Required: The rate of applications of binders and chippings for both layers. 1) First layer ALD=_ 10-2 R of MC-3000= Spread rate for penetration Grade Binders (Kg/m?) Increase R for Durability by 8% i. If pure PG grade _| If solvents are used to soften PG Ro=(R°1.08) | bitumen is used, | bitumen, then increase Ro by equal (Kgim’) | decrease by10% | percent of the solvent 5} aS TIF HOP 4:05 ASL 1.93 1.37 525 EY Basic Spread Rate R for ‘Mc-3000 (Kgim?) Rate of chippings for the first layer 2) Second layer: ALD and F=__6 Increase R for Durability by F 7 If pure PG grade oe bitumen is used, decrease by10% | aval percent of the:so jndex = O.913 =11.77 12 f «Come 12 figures backwards on Dh) eeStep-6: Economic Comparison (mark) Soe Based on Traffic Class T6 & S Length of the road = Ikm Width of the Road = 7m From Chart Cl: HMA Surface, 10cm Bituminous (HMA) course & binder Cost of Pavement Structure-1 = From Chart DI:raffic at the year of Step-2: Computation of Two Directional A’ Opening of the road cr Given Parameters: and Growth Rate (r) = % * Construction Period (X) = 3 298 1=AADTO (147 "Traffic at the start of Design |___Vehicle Type _ ies > Tre Large Truck _ |_Articulated Truck _| recasted Traffic over the design period Step-3: Compute One Directional Fo 20 years snd Groth Rate for each vehicle = Design Period for link road (N) = category > Forecasted One Directional Traffic (T) (a+r*-) T= ges-aapTi-LD-IC Factor (D) = 06 Factor (L) “100% =4 where oat pirectional Di et eteor ie : Analysis equivalent Axle Load Factor (EALF) Analysis F = (Lw/80) “4.5 Gs CAR Cort ‘Axle-1 EF1= (23.2/80)°4.5= 0.0038 ‘Axle-2 EF2= (25.2/80)°4.5= 0.0055 EF total =EF 1 + EF2 = 0.0093 | Car-2 ‘Axle-1 EF I= (21.65/80)"4.5= 0.0028 ‘Axle-2 EF2= (26.75/80) “4.5= 0.0072 _ EF total =EF1 + EF2 = 0.0100 : Car-3 ‘Axle-1 EF1= (22.15/80)°4.5= 0,003) ‘Axle-2 EF2= (24.15/80) “4.5= 0,0046 EF total =EF1 + EF2 = 0.0077 Car-4 ‘Axle-1 EF1= (22.05/80)"4.5= 0,0030 ‘Axle-2 EF2= (27.05/80) “4.5= 0,0076 EF total =EF1 + EF2 = 0.0106 Ave! load Factor EFav.=(0.0093+0.01+0,0077+0.0106)/4 ee ee ; EFay = 0,0094Yype } Axle Load(KN) \_Axtel | EFT | Axled \ 4 Ea [oon } asa 0.0085 Car [2215 [0.003 0.0046 (22.05 [0.0030 [> 0.0076 \ Eos Average load Equivalency Factor \ | 5435 T0176] 67a | ones? |= = a \ (xis Tonos} ess} oaas]e ale = \ Bus [4343 [00690] 38.69) o2agr = : pal \ {43.41 To0es9 | sss | o13es | - : \ | 21.05 26.45 ‘™* [axas 2795(qui) Aysuag yng |2009) #3. A bitumen mix design is prepared oratory and the results are summarize shown below in table 1. das julk specific Maximum theoretical | eee, rae of | Stability[KN] specific Bravity of | of total mix compacted mix Rering: mix,Gmm Sib 4 2.526 144 a ee 45 2.547 14.8 3 2.565 14.8 55 2.575 14.6 6 2.560 14.5 Bitumen specific gravity, Gb 1.013 Tf Bulk specific gravity of aggregate, Gsb 2.853 Effective specific gravity of aggregate, Gse 2.891 Table 1.Compacted Paving mix data Solution: 100 (x- meno) 2) Maximum theoretical Specific gravity of the paving mix Gmm = 29,“ ‘ae Get Gp Aggregate Content(Ps) = 100 — Pp Z & AL Po= 4%, > Ps=100-4=96, Gse= 891 & Gb= 1.013 > Gmm-=100/ (96/2.891) +(4/1.013) > Gmm = 2,691 Similarly, for the other bitumen content the theoretical maximum specific gravity becomes PsiGse_| Pb/Gb | Gmm 33.207 | 3.949 | 2.60) 33.034 | 4.442 | 2.668 32.861 | 4.936 | 2.646 32.688 | 5.429 | 2.623 | 32.515 | 5.923 | 2.609 b) Volumetric calculation, and optimum bitumen content calculation (10 marks) ) VoluING UFIN, Ni ft =|. Voids in the Mineral Aggregate (VMA), VMA = 100 - At Po =4%, > Ps= 100-4 = 96, Gmm = 2.691, Gsr= 2.853 > YMA = 100 - ((2.691/2.853) #96) > VMA = 15,003 % Pb (%) | Ps(%) | Gmb | Gsb 4 96 | 2526 | 2853 PS 2.547 2.565 | 2.853 2853 | 14.708 15.654 15.800 15.600 15.400 15.200 15.000 14.800 14.600 14.400 VMA(%) 6 65 Bitumen Content (Pb) (%) Air Voids in the mix (VIM) (Va) Va = 100 « (1 — 2% mm: At Po=4%, > Gmm = 2.691, Gmb= 2.526 > Va=100~(1- (2.5262.691)) > Va= 6,146 %