HISTORY OF

ARCHITECTURE
FINALS

PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE:
COLONIAL PERIOD-AMERICAN  Treaty of Paris, granted the United States
PERIOD "sovereignty" over the Philippine Islands
for $20 million. The discussion emphasized
the economic costs and benefits of
imperialism to the United States and the
political and racial repercussions of
colonial conquest.
 DECEMBER 10, 1898
 PHILIPPINE AMERICAN WAR (1899-
1902)
 COLONIAL WERE BUILT TO FACILITATE
DIFFERENT VENTURES, ESPECIALLY
IN PUBLIC
 HEALTH AND SANITATION
 IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION
 EMERGENCE OF FILIPINO
 AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1898-
ARCHITECTS
1946)
 LOCAL ADAPTATION OF THE
 FILIPINIZATION
INTERNATIONAL ART DECO STYLE
 During America's era of control,
 FOREIGN STYLES AND INFLUENCES
"Filipinization" was allowed.
COLONIAL REVIVAL MISSION
Filipinization was a compromise that
 USE OF CLAY TILES, ADOBE,
allowed colonial authorities some
CONCRETE, STUCCO, GABLED ROOF,
government action. Elite citizens in
ROUND
the colony were elected as a member
 ARCH ENTRANCES, ARCADES,
of the Philippine Commission, which
CORRIDORS AND MIRADOR TOWERS
was allowed to draft acts and have a
 NEOCLASSICISM
potential say in the government.
 REVIVAL USING GREEK AND ROMAN
Taken in 1914, this photo shows the
ORDERS AS
Philippine Commission, and many
 DECORATIVE MOTIFS
mayors of different villages.
 CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

EARLY AMERICAN PERIOD

Daniel Hudson Burnham
 American architect and urban
designer.
 proponent of the Beaux- Arts
movement
 City beautiful movement, Manila
  XXXI. PLANS FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF MANILA,
SUBMITTED TO THE PHILIPPINE
 COMMISSION BY D. H. BURNHAM,
1905.
 The essential elements of this plan
are the government center and
system of proposed arteries
 radiating from it, the railway station,
and the shore road.

Antonio Toledo
 Regarded as the master of the
neoclassic style
 Among the first architect- educators
 UP Padre Faura campus
 College of Medicine Annex and
UPLibrary, Manila
 Leyte Capitol
 Department of Agriculture and
Commerce (Tourism)
 Manila City Hall
 Dept. of Finance Building (now
theNational Museum) (Interior
Renovation by Jose
 Manosa & Lor Calma)
 Cebu Provincial Capitol

EMERGENCE OF FILIPINO
ARCHITECTS

PENSIONADO PROGRAM
 Scholarship launched by the
government allowing Filipino students
to pursue university
 education in the United States

Carlos Baretto
 First Filipino architect with an
academic degree from abroad; first Tomas Mapua
pensionado  First registered architect in the
 Became one of the pioneering staff of Philippines Established Mapua
the Division of Architecture  Institute of Technology in 1925, the
 Drexel Institute of Philadelphia, 1908 first architectural school in the
Philippines
  Mapua Institute of Technology
 De La Salle, Main Building

Arcadio Arellano
 First Filipino employed by the
Americans as one of their
architectural advisors
 ● Pioneered in the establishment of
an architectural and surveying office
in the Philippines

SECOND GENERATION
Andres Luna de San Pedro
 Introduced new architectural forms in
the Philippines by incorporating
modern and exotic design motifs
through grammar of art deco

Tomas Arguelles
 Advocated the enforcement of the
Building Code of Manila

Pablo Antonio
 Architecture degree, University of
London, 1927
 National Artist for Architecture
 Buildings were characterized by clean
lines, plain surfaces and bold
Juan Arellano rectangular masses
 Promoted to the shift to proto-modern
(art deco and streamline modern) and Far Eastern University-Manila
nativist phase of Philippine  Five buildings in the Sampaloc
architecture Campus was designed by Pablo
 National Museum (formerly the Antonio-the Nicanor I. Reyes
Legislative Building) , Manila, Juan
Arellano
  Hall, the FEU East Asia College of
Engineering and Computer Studies,
the Law and Nursing
 Building, the Auditorium and
Administration Building and the
Science Building.

Juan Nakpil
 Father of Philippine Architecture
White Cross  First National Artist for Architecture
 Opened in 1937, White Cross  Worked largely in the Art Deco Style
Children's Home was originally meant combining stylized flora and angular
to take care of the children of forms
Tuberculosis patients. Now, it has  Graduated Civil Engineering,
become a safe haven for children of University of Kansas
poor unwed mothers, of physically  BS Architecture Fontainebleau
incapacitated parents, of prisoners, School of Fine Arts in France &
and of victims of rape or incest. Masters degree, Harvard University
 The building-with its clean lines-is
designed literally like a cross. It is
punctuated by a bas-relief designed
by Italian sculptor Francesco Monti
featuring children at play.

QUIAPO CHURCH
Fernando Ocampo  The church was reconstructed in
 Designed with straightforward 1933 from plans by Nakpil. Its edifice
simplicity, synthesizing traditional has slight baroque influences and
designs with art-deco ornaments was further refined by Jose Maria
 Co-founded UST School of Fine Arts Zaragoza in the 1980s.
and Architecture in 1930
The University of the Philippines-Diliman
Administration Building
 Quezon Hall, this 1950s building
hosts the board of regents of the
University.
 It is a beautiful example of Nakpil's
postwar architecture and serves as a
gateway-and along with the famous
Oblation sculpture-as a grand
entrance to all those who enter the
university.

The Capitol Theater

 Art Deco done in exaggerated,
geometric style.
 The bas-relief figures of Filipina
muses on the façade are by Italian
sculptor Francesco Riccardo Mont