Line size of pipe based on Economic Velocity
For under pressurized non-compresive fluid
Table For economic velocity with respect to fluid density
Parameters Units Density Range
Density Kg/m 3
1600 800 160 16 1.6 0.16
Eco. Velocity m/s 1.5 to 2.5 2.0 to 3.0 3.0 to 5.0 6.0 to 10.0 12.0 to 18.0 24.0 to 36.0
Rule of Thumb:
1.) Flow under gravity - 0.3 to 0.4 m/s
Recommended is 0.3m/s
2.) Pump Suction velocity range is - 0.3 to 0.5m/s
Formula:
Where: Change Unit from m3/hr to m3/s
Q= 4.375 Flow Rate in "m3/s" m3/hr m3/s
Input
Ev = 50 Economic Velocity in "m/s" 15750 4.375
Output d= 0.3338 Inside diameter of pipe in "m"
For Steam piping (Branch)
Eco. Velocity Range (Steam)
Steam Condition Velocity (m/s) Note
Wet Exhaust Steam 15 - 25
Than the
Dry Saturated Steam 25 - 35 pressure Drop
is
Super Heated Steam 35 - 45 0.2bar/100m
Formula:
Where:
W= 200 Steam Flow Rate in "Kg/hr"
Input Ev = 20 Economic Velocity in "m/s"
Sp. Vol = 0.21 Specific volume of steam in "m3/Kg"
Output d= 27.25 Pipe ID in "mm"
GRP Pipe Sizing
Recommented Maximum Velocity of fluid for GRP pipe
For Clean Fluid
Formula:
Where:
Input ρ = 67.05 Fluid Density in "lb/ft3"
Output V= 11.98 Fluid Velocity in "ft/s"
Reference
1.) Density of water = 62.48 lb/ft3 = 1000 Kg/m3 at 4 0C.
2.) Typicat GRP piping system work on velocity of 3~12 ft/s
3.) Convert Density from
Kg/m3 1074 to 67.05 lb/ft3
4.) Convert Velocity from
ft/s 11.98 to 3.65 m/s
For Corrosive or Erosive Fluid
Formula:
Where:
Input ρ = 67.05 Fluid Density in "lb/ft3"
Output V= 5.99 Fluid Velocity in "ft/s"
Recommented Minimum Pipe Diameter for GRP pipe
For Clean Fluid
Formula:
Where:
ρ = 67.05 Fluid Density in "lb/ft3"
Input Q = 638.42 Flow Rate in "gal/min (gpm)" Conert m3/hr 145 to GPM 638.4159
Sg = 1.07 Fluid Specific Gravity Refer Table: 01
Output d= 4.45 Pipe inside Dia in "inch"
Table: 01
Typical Liquid Properties
Type of Liquid Specific Gravity Sg at 60 0F Viscosity at 60 0F (centipose)
10% Salt Water 1.07 1.4
Brine, 25% NaCl 1.19 2.2
Brine, 25% CaCl2 1.23 2.45
300 API Crude Oil 0.87 13
Average Fuel Oils 0.93 8.9
Kerosene 0.83 1.82
Auto Gasoline 0.72 1.2
Aviation gasoline 0.7 0.46
50% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) 1.53 95
Mil 5624 Jet Fuels
JP3 0.75 0.79
JP5 0.84 2.14
JP8 0.8 1.4
Acids at 68 F 0
60% Sulfuric Acid 1.5 6.4
98% Sulfuric Acid 1.83 24.5
85% Phosphoric Acid 1.69 12
37.5% Hydrochloric Acid 1.46 1.94
For Corrosive or Erosive Fluid
Formula:
Pressure Drop Calculation using Darcy-Fanny Formula
Step: 01
Find Reynoids No. (Re) using below formula
Formula:
Where:
d= 0.2032 Pipe Inside Diameter in "meter"
u= 1.24 Fluid velocity in "m/s"
Input
ρ= 1074 Fluid Density in "Kg/m3"
μ= 0.0014 Fluid Viscocity in "N-s/m2"
Output Re = 193295.451 Reynolds No.
if
Re < 2000 Flow is Laminar
2000 < Re < 10000 Flow is in Transition
Re > 10000 Flow is in Turbulent
Convert Centipoise 1.4 N-s/m2 0.0014
1 centipoise = 0.001 N-s/m2
Step: 02
Find Relative Roughness
Formula:
Relative Roughness = ε/d
Where:
d= 203.2 Pipe ID in "mm"
Input
ε= 0.045 Pipe Factor
Output Rr = 0.00022146
ε
Glass Pipe 0.0015
Drawn Brass Pipe 0.0015
Copper Pipe 0.0015
CS Pipe 0.0450
Wrought Iron 0.0450
Galvanized Iron 0.1500
Cast Iron Pipe 0.2600
Concrete Pipe 0.18 -0.6000
PVC - other Plastics 0.1200
GRP Pipe 0.0053
Step: 03
Find Moody fiction factor from chart with respect to Re & Relative Roughness
Fm = 0.017
Step: 04
Find pressure drop using Darcy Fanny formula
Formula:
Where:
Fm = 0.017 Moody fiction Factor from chart
u= 1.24 Fluid Velocity in "m/s"
Input L= 98 Length of pipe in "meters"
d= 0.2032 Inside dia of pipe in "meters"
g= 9.81 Accelaration due to gravity in "m/s2"
Output DP = 0.64 Pressure Drop in "mlc"
Step: 05
Convert Pressure Drop from "mlc" in to "Kg/cm 2"
Formula:
P =h Xρ Xg
Where:
h= 0.64 Pressure in "mlc"
Input ρ= 1074 Fluid density in "Kg/m3"
g= 9.81 Accelaration due to gravity in "m/s2"
Output P = 6743.0016 Pressure in "Kg/m2"
0.67430016 Pressure in "Kg/cm2"
Line Size of GAS
Step: 01
Find density of gas on given pressure & temperature
Formula:
ρ = (P X Mw)/(R X T)
Where:
Input P= 7 Pressure in "bar"
Output 8.013 Pressure in "bar Abs"
Mw = 29 Molecular weight of gas 29 for Air,
Input R = 0.083126 Constant
T= 40 In 0C
Output 313 In 0K
Output ρ= 8.93 Density of Gas in "Kg/m3"
Step: 02
Find economic velocity of gas by using below formula
Formula:
Ev = K/(ρn)
For 1<=ρ<16 For ρ>=16 For ρ<1
K = 20, n = 1/3 K = 25, n = 1/3 K = 12, n = 1/2
K= 20
Input n= 0.33
ρ= 8.93 Density of Gas in "Kg/m3"
Output Ev = 9.64 Economic Velocity in "m/s"
Step: 03
Find Actual Discharge
Where:
VN = 90Discharge of Gas in "m3/hr"
Input Pact = 8.013 Pressure in "bar Abs"
Tact = 313 In 0K
PN = 1.013
PT = 273
Actual Discharge = 13.04483 in "m3/hr"
0.0036 in "m3/s"
Step: 03
Find Id of pipe
Formula:
Actual Discharge = 0.0036 in "m3/s"
Ev = 9.64 Economic Velocity in "m/s"
ID of Pipe = 0.021806 in "meters"
21.8 in "mm"
