Exercise 1
1. done
2. 2.2 ohm and 100 ohm
3. 1.Green black black red silver
2. black black brown black brown
3. yellow green black orange red
4. 1K ohms with 5% tolerance
1,1K ohms with 5% tolerance
Exercise 2
To have an operating voltage of 2.2V through the led, the resistor needs to “take”
2.8 V. Combining that with the requirement of 13 mA, the value of the resistor is
(R=U/I, 2.8/0.013)= 215 ohm for practicality reasons using a 220 ohm resistor is
fine. It does leads to a voltage of 2.86 and not the demanded one of 2.8 V.
Otherwise a the single resistor can be replaced by multiples in series to get a
more accurate voltage( 200 ohms+10 ohms+5 ohms)
Exercise 3
The circuit diagram is presented in exercise 2:
Exercise 4: Install the Arduino IDE on your computer
Exercise 5: Make your LED flash
Still same diagram as exercise 2.
Questions: Make your LED flash by using the Arduino Change the following connection:
1 What happens if the delay is very small?
There is less time between flashes
2 What happens if the delays are small and different?
If the delay is smaller like in the example above the time between on and off is decreased, which
causes more flickering. The difference in size( in the example above) that it is longer in the on state
then off state.
Exercise 6: Two flashing LEDs
Source: https://thecustomizewindows.com/2018/07/arduino-blink-two-leds-alternatively/
Exercise 7: Push Switch
Exercise 8: Turn LED on for 5 seconds when switch pushed
Exercise 9: Variable speed blinking LED
Source: https://arduinotogo.com/2017/02/28/chapter-6-potentiometer-circuit-step-by-step/
Exercise 10: Light in the dark
Source: https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/guruashishchoudhary29/turn-led-on-and-off-through-
ldr-fe5738
Extra exercise 1
Code:
// basic functions
int GREEN = 2;
int YELLOW = 3;
int RED = 4;
void setup()
pinMode(GREEN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(YELLOW, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RED, OUTPUT);
void loop()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
digitalWrite(RED, HIGH);
digitalWrite(YELLOW, LOW);
digitalWrite(GREEN, LOW);
delay(2000);
Serial.print("changed to Green ");
digitalWrite(YELLOW, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RED, LOW);
digitalWrite(GREEN, LOW);
delay(2000);
Serial.print("changed to Red '");
digitalWrite(GREEN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(YELLOW, LOW);
digitalWrite(RED, LOW);
delay(2000);
Serial.print("changed to Yellow ");
}
Circuit(except instead of 330 ohms I used 470 ohm resistors):
https://www.kindpng.com/imgv/TwRbbxo_simple-traffic-light-diagram-hd-png-download/
extra exercise 2
circuit(expect 5 leds/buttons instead of 6):
Source: https://www.learnrobotics.org/blog/arduino-record-push-button-sequence/ (this source is
also used for the code)
Code:
int play_led = 13; //define pin # for play led
int record_led = 11; //define pin # for record led
int button[4] = {2,4,6,8}; //store button pins in an array
int leds[4] = {3,5,7,9}; //store led pins in an array
int arr[10]; //store the sequence in an array of size 10
boolean previous = LOW;
unsigned long time1 = 0;
int debounce = 200;
int index_state = 0;
int state = HIGH;
boolean empty = false;
int record_count = 0;
void setup()
for(int i = 0;i<5 ;i++){
pinMode(button[i],INPUT);
pinMode(leds[i],OUTPUT);
for(int n=0;n<10;n++) arr[n] = 7;//initialization
pinMode(record_led, OUTPUT);
pinMode(play_led, OUTPUT);
empty=true;
Serial.begin(9600);
void playback(){
digitalWrite(play_led,HIGH); //turn green led ON
digitalWrite(record_led,LOW); //turn red led OFF
for(int i = 0; i<10; i++){ //set the appropriate LED HIGH then LOW according to sequence array
if (arr[i]!=7){
digitalWrite(leds[arr[i]],HIGH);
delay(250);
digitalWrite(leds[arr[i]],LOW);
delay(250);
digitalWrite(play_led,LOW);
for(int n=0;n<10;n++) arr[n] = 7; //clear array for next time
int arr[10] = {1,0,3,2,2,0,2,1,3,0}; //initialize arr[]
void loop(){
playback();
