Contract BC1

Railway Bosphorus Tube Crossing

Tunnels and Stations
(Marmaray)

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Bosphorus Strait
Black Sea

B
o
s
p
•European Side h Asian Side
o
r
u
s

Marmara Sea

Business 2
Project Location

2nd Bridge

1st Bridge

Railway Bosphorus Tube

Crossing, Tunnels and
Stations

Business 3
Longitudinal Section

Business 4
 Particular Design Conditions

¾ Design Basis Earthquake : Mw = 7.5

¾ Countermeasure to Liquefaction
¾ Huge Water Pressure : Max. 60m
¾ Rapid Current
Upper Layer (N to S) : Max. 5 knots
(2.5m/sec)
Bottom Layer (S to N) : 1 ～ 1.5 knots
¾ Fire Resistance : 100 Mw Fire
Train with Petrol Fire

Business 5
 IMMERSE TUNNEL
Construction Vehicle
Structure
Escape Gauge Squeeze
Way Way

Business 6
 IMMERSE TUNNEL
Construction

Business 7
 Bird View Istanbul Strait Crossing

Business 8
Immersion Procedure

European Side

Placing Barge

Tunnel
Element

Access shaft

Asian Side TBM

Tunnel Boring Machine
Business 9
 Tunnel Cross and Longitudinal Section

Armor Protection Tunnel Armor Protection Anchor Release Band

アジア側
ヨーロッパ側

General Backfill

Selected Locking Fill

Foundation

(m) Immerse Tube (1387m)

0
-10 Sea Bed
-20
-30 Armor Protection
E10 E11
-40 E7 E8 E9
-50 E4 E5 E6
E1 E2 E3
-60
Seismic Joint
Seismic Joint
Business 10
 Typical Cross Section of
Immersed Tunnel Element
1000 6350 600 6350 1000

Vehicle
Structure
Escape Gauge Squeeze
Way Way

Business 11
Business
Depth of Tube Bottom (m)

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
60

Bosphorus
41

BART
Hampton roads
2nd Hampton
Roads
37 37 36

Interstate
Baytown
Baltimore
Channel
Parana
Fort McHenry
Thimble Shoal
33 32 32 31 31

Channel
30

Tama Tunnel
Comparison Major Tube in the World

12
 Tuzla Dry Dock TUBE Fabrication

Business 13
 Immersion Procedure

Before Immersion (Anchoring Completion)

Marmara Sea Side Black Sea Side

Business 14
 Slurry Type TBM TUNNEL
Construction

Business 15
 TBM Excavation Route

European Side Asian Side

Kazlicesme Bosphorus Strait

Yedikule
Yenikapi Airilikcesme
Uskudar
Sirkeci

2170m 3343m 4620m

TBM TBM Immerse TBM

EPB Slurry Tunnel Slurry

Business 16
 TBM（Slurry Type） φ=7,640mm、L=11,000mm

Business 17
 Tunnel Inside (Asian Side – Sept.07)

Business 18
 Tunnel Inside (Asian Side – Uskudar Station
Breakthrough – July 09)

Business 19
 ＮＡＴＭ TUNNEL
Construction

Business 20
 NATM Works Location

Track CROSS OVER

SIRKECI Deep Station

Track CROSS OVER

USKUDAR
Station

Emergency CROSS PASSAGE Drain Pit

(44 Places 200m Interval)

Business 21
 Uskudar Cross Over Tunnel Model

Business 22
Uskudar Cross Over Tunnel Excavation

Business 23
Lining Concrete

Business 24
 Bird View around Sirkeci Station
North Entrance

East Ventilation Shaft

West Ventilation Shaft

South Entrance

Business 25
 Sirkeci Station NATM Works

Business 26
 Bird View of Uskudar Station Area

Immersed Tunnel

Uskudar Sta.

Business 27
Station Excavation

Business 28
U/W Concerns

ƒ Project of almost prototypical nature – deepest ever submerged

ƒ “atypical” connection sea-land tunnels

ƒ Strong bi-directional current in the Bosphorus straight

ƒ Heavy ship traffic with “reckless” ship owners at times

ƒ Due to deep tunnels high water pressure and hence water

tightness issues
ƒ An overseas contractor moving in unknown cultural environment

ƒ Land tunneling under densely built up (historic) areas

Business 29