MopuLe—1 Chapt 1 rakcon ee ee one the prenai meas ce Communication uated humans. BE ‘ the too] vse ure to “opr “tle gtealaa port of our tear anol echo. mR haps thous, has a huctuse are Caseits omtani ea toplist sche developrart of Compudation modal, oy aspects tf, human lamauage _ : 4s Develop oustomatid tool 4p lenguoge penny 2+ Goin betta ecto of human Communitartion. ee tomipeationl moda wilh human Nae peaiibee ie WS Veqpises o Krowldge a howd henna acquire, ama) i me My CHETAN.R Asst, Professor 1 Redronolint oppoads - 2 Empintuxt approath.I oe sh pe language fovally in huwan bratn. Supporters o this apprat, ongur hod jx onot possible fot childen to (town Comapln ‘thing Uke vredural language fom inated punsoug pil ; ae Thuy dor mot belive, in tae enjente, Of Rome lompaage fonslty “Thay believe ty He exirtente bf Aome ee Orgomizahin principles Auth ar pathen ~etag nition 4 girusazalin ama ampuiation . Leasing of cletatled shuthiter com, “Therap, ako plow Tutough, “He aapplitaton of thane ponuiples on Sensoey pul availalde +o the child. Ongins Es NUP Nedusal long uage promnyg fomutinnes tewmad a4 — tompage understanding ~ Ovpginated from matline teams lathon wtkeaseh . Nodueal Laing wage Undeestomding involves 1H only ‘aheapvehtion a — poet incluoles beth Fre© Compicstional lingua i Simulag do thecretitel and Pes legions Theosetiral Ling uishig : “Tay mast povide chuchital destaiptron % nedusa! language and th gewartite- i oe mot Coneaedl with toe avtuall pocwing of Sonfentes ov generation of Sertentes tom churtucas alessphin. ate in @ qbeat BK prnuples Hot xemain dommon autess laugucger ard tent vals that coptute inguistic necalzahin. Ecaruple most Languages hove concuts like noun anal Vewb phrases. Theosehtas a idanhify wile, Heat dersvidbe anol Nett the ee % rg uapes 5 ee Asst. Professor Pegehobinguisticn t They &yplaxin how humans prolate anal Conpreband natural language « Tay aga. intersted in “he veprenenttation of Ligue Gruchutes a6 well as in The pron by which Ter chuchites aga produtoal « Thoy ey priverily On eupiviial investigating sto hak up “bees Heons. - ,Conpidoshonall_kinguistey Hj} Conurned with the lan gu uaa tonpidehonal model of ie i. a Shak wih the applitecion of Ligguishe esovies amol toapedalad Fechwrgpies + NLP. In Comprelachonal Urguishin , reprenrting a language hea nwojor problem ; most Knowledge. epson darkh. oa a Small pact of Hmowledgen. Compudehonal rwodls mou be broadly clanified ais Know! deiven and data-driven _eachgonts. ie ledge diiven Suytims vy on ex ply edie Lin guiatte Knowledge , often expend aa wt of handuxafed gtammak Kiales , Acquiring and tntodivg futh Krow ledge i diygiudts Dota driven approaches prove. loupe amoud rf ala and toually employ tome rmathive laontyg febrigus to ban Sy route patfeeny. The amend of human oper tA ley ama pesfeemare | ap thee tystions aliperclent on The gpertitg of teow data » Mou Sip lnns ate wrwiably adaptive. do nohy data.J a poate pte meckiumn of rea Ww whith Fool h oleciphared. Hawa uage: 1 Pes a mudiium oh exprenion, jn The des form of, “the Combertt Ht epreses. “The fowme Contett ‘can be enpresed ca fered languages Te aeeesia of one language A waritten in the Aame lngueg: GD papal ee Hp the Smplst loved, woluch involves in mabye of GD word, me He megt fundamental unit of any nodural text. Word love prowmivg woguiras mophologt Knowledge. te. Koouslidge about “the chuctice anal feemetion % words from basit. units. “Ta wate +" {omg work ftom moyplames ake lamguage epee Thy phare Scams He Souste Code % @ Sheeam Bf Casartets anal , comers into macanivg fl lexemes . Th divs the whole text tnsto paragraphs , Lemtentes | aud wrida. | |B comic +f Sequence of woh as a unit, uovaly a (FERED asl ind ity chuduse. ZB decompars a Sentente into de Constrtuerty aural ideoipies how “hey vila. to cath olw. B u Gameen ov rnon- giowmaticald 4 senten tes y lockivag at tontrounts Uke word order , number aud tre mer. Thy lvl of pre coma GC gyrtauhie Frowkdge, te, Prowledge about how word are Combined “fo form 1 uni purr as Phrase amd terdentes, , 'L went to the market | jr a valid Surtonte wlueras wert he T rnaxket ty) pr note Sumantiy amourted voflly Tae enw of Tee oguoge, Hip Concerned with creastg esamivg fel “epreundahon + Unquiohe impus The oprueal taka. of Semortic. ‘nteepattaton jn fo take madutal long uage andentea ond! mvap chan onto kome. Yoptererdoion eee a Defi meat Components ip diggeult an gtammeally valid “Sendente “con be mrtarsing os. 4© Fe Slactng point of Semarhe analysis hax been levial Remarthta. > word can have a numbey ofy possible. mean amotatd with it But na aren Lorlert , only one of tae crags pasttipalia . Freliug out Te cowed Muon oF 4 Postuslag wat word fe ne taey to fied meng Kabiv aud Ayan ate moried, —— (a) kaby and) tuba au omormed. — (b) Both Sertenus hove- teadital Chutes aol te rau whags +, indvidual word, are thas. Bub mast of us end up will choo ef fesond i eapectoshine - Wem Thapret tue petond fewtenia to mean ‘that Kabiv dind Saha ate. wiattced “to cach often, bat thao inteapwetoson door not ecu foe tee $ont Senlente- Syyelatit. hustute aud Compo sshional terran» fail to emplarn ow intteepeetatos - We make use Of progmahe hai matn. Dpcouree—Lovel renee obengts to inte prot Hae shudtute aud mio _- ever Laegea unik, eg: at the pesogiaph amd downed > in term % words, phrraney , chuvsheesand Lerdentes. | Be veqpives the resolution Si avaphya'c ~ofelaneens ‘aud | iderdr{stottion of Facoute chuuge, Be alr ~vequives Aircore Krow idge, thot th Knowkdge % how Te | et OX pewdente. cleteeniviad bY prewali evident ' Ty fet, pragmatic Kroubde roy be mnseded =e eae Oma.phorie wepeenten « in tre tales fortkentn rmescluing the amaphorre Mie vaqpstrn pragma Know ldge’ "Tha deshich adminishahon refed cto ae sha rade. union pevoutsion fot the wactng betouns. ‘hey feted viola.” Stra dishd audmdnistratiin ~efued 40 give “be trode vnbn permission ae fun mocha become Auay ofpmne gree Thin tre baghot lena of premeig voluch otal worthy he papenepel uae of Gardens, in SAhuachons « Be vequiees Knowledge. A wodd, he Knowledge stot extends ype contend of The text.— ae “cs css mumbet of ded “hat maka ALP yeu Orton slate to the _tetuypetahin - Voge ere weg seed, pene “eprenentadhon oot oy ( axe, Wally aanbiguous amd vogue, athiving futh Yepruuntoton Com be alejgeull , 6) Thasney st cep hte ol has tape rool Hip alot irupossibl to embody qlk Sourtos % Knowledge ted lamar, ure to © a vce yn + kpc in nodual larguage is . Words alone clo mot mahea furknte Tread, it jy ta words os wll as “hai Syntactic aud Semonhe vuohon thet gt maahing sto a femtonte.. 4 languase Kasps on ovdlvivg. Neo word are adelsel Continvally aud enphng words age inodud in nid Gonlert most Yewonpaperr aud TW chonnels we it to vega otha ewrorpt act en tte. World Dade Conte in the US th Dove.® 1 AS an trample Conpider tae Aetente., “The Od man rally Kroked the bucket" “Tha. moons of “tin pertnte har mottivg te co with tin words ‘Pack! ond "buukel’ appeating in its ©] Guanbfr scoping je ovata probe. “he Sope of qpantigicns (Ae, eek, ete), i often not clea anal poses problem in axdomahe powing: (@ The one of neturall louguoges pr amctes itty + Lewtol_Ambpuuty :- The fist bel of orbs shy sya ok “the word level. Wethout mush ageth, we Gn idech ft words that hove. roubtiple. rraamings amounted dt them. Gomaple.- May ix looks a math. Sn in above ae word omadln “vefets to tit edwh M yr Loo! 4 a pattnes ov Mar ae P “f° tp Looks a malls, (( ov otleg medelr) i" Neg ifs Glibsn Foct- of Speer tegng aud wovd fee diane quad,(B.S. Arp Gye odatguory eID WN Te pregente of “400 or move pastible muowog wilin the Setenee: Crasuple T saw the ge! vit te birousles. Th he above example , did T hare “the hinouwlaes? Or dd le ge! hove “te binowlars? CHETAN. R. @ Reffsontio’ Arroigudly » Asst. Professor Rejetorkal al exisb hen ye ose. nyotnig 4o fomatvg uaivg ‘ke pronoun. Ty the above Certemte 44 do Know that who hungey ett, Kiran o Suvite: tepeporeeirid Odo PO Adowadic poco of language “equines te wills and excephons 4 “4 do be explosned fo “tla & 5 pra mma Cow of QO set ul shat allied us Yo pate and ricake Ledentos h a Ruler viletc ingooraton Coding abovites at We language Lut vot ot the au. Knowledge bvel. fremgh: Kican vert to Santa. he said, "I om huge“Th, world Kmaldge ofyech “bri ta teding oma the Codi convention bus The boundoay behvewr Syrtoy wad Semartion. Tepe 2 Seammaas Lexical) funtonal Srcavmmas Caplan aud Brenan ne) Gowenmurt and binding (Chomsley 1281) Seretabiyed Phare Shrhse. Gramma. Dependenty Geoommag, Paninian Gromnvnag Tree adjoining Geammas (Sects iqer) Gis of Hoee gpanenens ‘fou on olouvaton anol alas foun on velashin ships. ar contri bution to qtammnas Cones ftom dloam Clamaliy, who popes a lassen of me ba tol eng sou quemmats une phan Subse vubes, Gpncohe. gonesh ally pe hong goons Se) visa sot of uly do speupy va genixate all ad only gomnatial fortunes na language.00 bel oF ern anal Suspaue chuctuse- Ss Ss ee < va AS vP NP NP Fon eee Foja pays Viena Veena is played by Roja oe CHETAN. R an Asst. Professor Fogja ee 1. Phare Aruchuee. 2 “Tramns.fen oe 3. eee ts There tuts maith earl ferdenues “Sepseaeuctaton to a thivg cy phonemesGiuh of “hee Conpovents tonajts of a st a vali Comise of vules gersak. nado lomguoge Surdenis aul angn a Srutueat chauiphin to thom. As an exarple , Conides afplesi fe cs roubles: : NP + VP S> Sevcenite ve > V+NP NP nowy Phrope NP —> Det -+Noun VP Verb Prope Dd > Detecrnins Vv — Aux + Verb De —> “the, aan, -- Verb —> Cath , wk, eat... Noun — pole, “Sates, + Aux > will) is Can... Vaauapsevabiondl pres as a pk 4 whith “ramet ont pheae-makes into anctieg phrope-makis. Thom fides axe applied on “he -heminal hing ly prion, chuhsie wale, Unlike: phone shuchite. wle, wmadionall wes ate heutogineous anal have movetrom One Abel on ~thoik ley hand cides Tore sul one, ou ured to a ro . into omother.“the ule wen ative and pow sgunherey ‘#i NA fuk -V—- NBL —> NB Aux the ten “V-by Nf Fonsorabional ulus tan be sel gatry te: optional. i Obl reve nasidn jk one that ovpures agteemert in mums of Subjed amd Veo, Dn tonal) emasgorahin je One “rot rnodifies the Srudue % a pentente, hile prsaving tn dong: math each gentenic. ~eprourttaion 40 a wn * phonemes. f 7 eis Consids the attive gerdonw: meee e The polite will Caddy tae Snatcher. The aappliadion 4, pleon ute wule will anstgn “the prucite Shown below: = NP ite ae <> Low a aS oS Aux , Y bet NounThe pawive. “howsfemahin wll will convent qe perder into: ee caaes » VP NP Hoe "pias aa The Snatcher Nos : Ne aoe NS by NP \ a @. wil be on 1 7” the polite Prowning, Ende ie Tue oe rumbeX of lipgpterues between Trdaan Languages ink. Soma. of; thon diferentes of Gled hate? ama — Unlike Eginh , ede swap hae. 0 anon —Lingad Shuotue > Unlike Gch, Trdian vag have. SOV (subjed ~Objat- Vwb) os d Serdente. Chwdute. hove. a Free wird odes, fe, words Con — Trdon be mmoyed ae Le ae without Changong> Splling landatclxechor pr move Sublle in Hinds than in Englah- —> Tran lagu have a ‘velati vih_ pet mrp Vararils . “4 6 —> Thdian longue amoks extensive amal productive ure of Complex predicates (Ce). — Trdan languages uns. past prithin (Karakos) cae markers inglead of Peposihons: —> Trdan ue vel Complexes consi %, fequences of, Veths. 29: TT NE agen 2 The aurbiawy voulr in tus pequente ide. infoemeson a save gt ol a es aeteertagaetnnts The appl-techina utilizing tthe NUP intlude “the folowing? A. Mathine “TFrmslaton: “This ween to avdomatic -romslation of jot Feom one human, language +o anchhev. Th order -to corey out There reomelahon » tt jx Necessary 40 have an understand % woh and phrases, gyemnana of “the Awo long pp wedlved , Semarthion at; othe language aud woe roledge. RB Sinisa nips Geel oe SS eee eg2. Speech Rewanitor The ix the proces af ppg atoushe Speech, signal to a set of worn “lhe liggiaultin one due to wile vorwehiorp in the Pronuncaahon of uae , homonyn and acoushe ombig icin, 3. Speed Systhesis :- Hy fen he Peiformed ened on “the tontertt of, the wert vvadst “than on tk phuctue, “The TR systems upually velwwn a ranked Li : — ae Uist of dounmertla. “The a= : : 2 been -Waditional intorpovatted into oe we °h infoomatsin sys ting inuluding dalabare german splines, bibleoeaphue text dealt qpserhin anasiaeing System amd move %e fe: ans een inCurrent aypscaulws {px ning lasge ent Collechins tam be breadly Clorntfied into two Cadegrica ® Comials % Approarlas that Conshuct top hivvarchy “g Yahoo. “Thin help, the vrs lonte couments of Wohexat monualty by roveringy tas Wewoereiy © Conic. Of Approaclan that vonk “the Yehieved dowments quae to velvane- A { Mott human Knowldie jh oded in medal lamguoge luda dy trult to we mu Knowledge Sey language 4 Conpuctex Suptiing» Meir of the tuteent syetrieval model are bared on woe) repauntehon. Thiy ‘veperertotin Cals, problem dung vehieval due to polysmu, homongymy | Synonymy: pees: involve, Hy er 4° Lipeme with ia omsow et ms ip an ambiguchy an what, wos That appa He ie have oot! pags:La Synonymy: carctes problim’ when a doumunt jp indewed uaity ong Herm and the quney contain a daar erm, oma tue Wo “tern Shake A common reuanvg Arthas problem ustty eo ~eebievel th that it or femortic and iutormattion, in The vetreval prow. “Tin inupetmaton in lost iy “fun extrathon o woe ds fiom tho tent and cannot be vecoveted by tra vebveval algorttans. CHETAN. R Asst. Professor © (Wha The yret ray geil fo include -velevant Fermy in Tha qpery ow mee include tovelevart tevmg. Tappropwahe or nauk ques lead to poor rebveval petipemance.- © w another eu. Ra tual Yue to “the clown of IR customs. @ Crobuodvg the perpemance SIRS ypsterng pn abo rmajor rl mee Ho Tue mont 2© The mrajon a oa of TR weto Search a doumunt Tn a vrarmed ae to “the ara 1 Understanding hak constitutes “relevance. jp also an inpoctomt japue @ Wa & dourmant collchoins and he Vi | nude abe alo compliate. ext “rebreval “oa |= MopuLe —2. pope LANGUAGE ModELLING omd in ord. to prot it Tssugh, a Compudes -loared bulld oa rerentahdny i progcams te ned to oy Ff “ho boot = REE Lorauage modeling com be viewed ertwr a4 a prbln of qammag in feteneae or a Problem ce | probabilaly estimadon. et — L Gpommeot= bead engnoge roll Te uyp “ha grammar of a language -bo crate ihe emodil. cette fa to vepreert the fetal Shudute % > lomguage « Grommas Consists of hand -Coded riley defining dng Gruchte and = of, vanibun Conbituantts appearing yo Unga ce uriet. a Snlene Uaucrlly Conma te of, pan pheare om a Ne phiove- The gfarrnad bared roach cofknpl * uk. Ain Shudute. “anol abo the elaine ups Lelwets thee Shutter -HK weds a model by ania it fom a Cenpua: Th odes to captuse Geeta of a language. he raining Cotpus med -to be pupgicerhy laige. " Gtotsttall language modelling ja The aitlempt to Copluse. ~equlosstes Cn Long uage or The purpme of, improving “Ina pafermanta of, Various noduead) langues cnppltedtons-" Shotistioo) louguage omedelling y one oF he. fordenenta! ! takes rmany NUP aapplitachons , ad Spach ‘veangition, Spilling Coneechon , harduiting Weuugrition anak marbling tromalosion: Noxioys Gronmma — Coped og Mod Rae oe a hus book Syetachic Srucute, Noom Choms! ys FG ah wot Het u2> con oprusati. pentontes iy a language we Know a Gluchon oe words. amd’ why in that v : eso Berlentos thot can be neraled op the xuly ave . This point of view hop onunected toe©, Language is laa betweery “tas fourd and ip Traaning Tan any svodel of a Corguage should obo deal with He aan ef “th Sentences. |S Horebsal Groomas Chomsky desesibed Class of, gtammap in a hiatal mans, where “the stop layer Corfained The grammar eran 4 *h ods hie! Hence. Type © Cor umrishnded) gemmax Contains Type 4 low Cortex} Somitive permet) voluh tn tuen Contains ler (ox Contest kee - geomman’) Quel that agen Cortes Type 3 gammat Cregulas grommet): JS. Qeenment age Bing A Common Viewpoint Faken by Uonguish je hat the Shure of & longuase con be wndeestood at the level of ite meaning porhilanhy whale vesolving Sducuraf ambiqutty « However, the Srbents ae gion at the Sirdashial ak ama, “tre From seemacion \sftom muamiyg to fyrten oY Vite versa ye not well tn istood. @ ch ott" po“Transfoverashonal grammar | assume two levels exten te Gontences one atthe Guctace level and the othes ot the deep ~voot level. ave vananed them as Sled and d-bvel and iderchyied two move bevel wf “eprventobion callid phonetic “form and Lagitell form. d-chuduve. Sf S-chucheve Phonehe “form Leg toll form FRensJovrmatonal grammoyr have. hundre dy of vewsh woules , whith ane greets language yc. and aho consul Speoge- Genexcchon of 2 Complti St ef coleverst vuln ia) not be possible. Th 6B Yue define Yulee fet rachael nibs of tee deep vel, iF will be possible. to qt amp language vathh fps ies ae dep-lvel hchtes ase % noun- phaape- Vos plea , ee. Common to all ae “(5) Leb us take an example to explain d- and ee " Muliah was Killed ()In “Sean formational gfammat dhs tan be vepuperted a | Q-NP Aux Ve On ao below: | S pn | po oft ot | Np. AvP | \ Ll | Mukesh wa, Killed (i) Tn 6B, the tchuchte and dachuhite ate as follows: a Muth vad ‘ Ia (2) Wald Maka —: Ne NFL. VP | | ©) pot Kill Mukesh | | Mukah past Ftp ’ : Pat Vv VP een INFLY Trflecion LA oe NP NP: Noup pheope i Be , _ \ VP: Vet phaoye | Y a £ - op “4 = ee ee ee Renae (a) Suafour Shite : (© Dep Srucueeeam GI Govewnrverit and pees (66) Comprittn at 4, “theories that map “the Shruchyes ftom cl-shucluce to cehurture avd +o logitall em (LF)- 4 gprecel Brom 4emational rele Called ‘Move ot” jp applied at de chur level as well as at sthuchiee luvel. ae Sivupleot en + 6B Gn be vepryented by below ter haan +f a] Move o& Move A logreal fom 4--~-] Taoria and Principles Hene 9B conink "a seers of omedules “thet corttain Conshrairth —amal prnupls applied at Vestous level, % he “eprerentchons —awel honmfermational rule, Move ol. The §B Conideyr all ucce levels Yepruertectone (de, or, amd LF) a Syntatc ame LF i abo vale) to mene ov Semante- iinkea pretive marhawyarns«The %B applies the Aome Move of tromfeemation +b swap d-lvel to slvels ov s-lvel to LF Level. LF lovel halon » gpomthfien nee awol alo in handling Vosious fentente Conshurtionn Suda as panive. Ov inorragadive Conshurhons. an cnet Example: po "Two Courtrig, ote vipited ty mort tavelleyr”. Th too posible logiad ferme ome: Le: [, Tow couriin om winked by [met troller |] Lo: Panna Move & Lge ra a> ane vpited ty € | TFL, dhe inhepectation jr thet most tvovelleyx virit the ame wo Countrin . Th LF2, when we move [rest cravelley) outside the ope of the Sentence, he nt ecpretadion can be thet moat trowel vinit choo Counter, valet may be dig gecent 4p dierent hovellus.One of the bmportort Contepta in GB ip Hot ¢ Consheoirils . Hs the past 61 tha grammar, wath pobibils Goxtain Combinations aud movenerthy | Cllgewine Move A Com move angina ‘to ani posible position. Ws GB. basically dhe fermulacton * Hhaprien ov prinuples wbuth late Gnshairt to dial the corshuchon % ill-formed — Rerthentes. I ree » one of the Cnha) Contepta In 68. stead of aed pevea! phere tuttutes and the Bentente pinche with Separate ph rules. Yi theory | defines stem both as mowimal projestions fone head. “Noun Pye (NP) Vee Phan (We), adhe phan (Ar) areal prepoprtional phtane CPP | >») ate mMowinal projectionsAm sium (N), veeb (VD, “adphe. (A) amd. prepoption 455 “wpe and Can. be ried as head X of thaik tavcuponding prsases (whe X= N,V, A, P%). Gren “tha Somente Sucre an be vxegacded 0 the amareimad projedton of, irfluton (INFL). — projection of had oct Semai-phreapal level denoted by oa > amaniwal grojucion at tne phropal Level dencied ky & The fot level pejecton i denokd ac S aual Second level projerhon ig denoktd & ee eas depts jus RERASESpaacoG) Nyt, We Comides the ~epeperttahin of Tae NP, te stood in a Ahaloa. Tur rs followed by Sue Raprorrdadion o, VP, AP amd PP Ghar. 2 NP: dhe food in a dhaba Cue the a oe [in a dhatha ] the ON PP food Ma dheba Nep_-chuture Shruchice 9p. VPs ate the food in a dhaba. Ly Ta Ue Ie il] fy “™]] VP ate tae food Th a chaba VP Shuctuee; 3. GBP Vey proud ef = Counhy a ; oy MIL if Mies al oS Das * \ a) Mey Lo oso hts Sia 2 ae an rade! fe bug all [, (3 P oe [ AS in Dek N hood dheba» “Wp. S:ttat che oft tar food in a daa. Ds oe As Lv Ta igs tet» oto] = ow Corp S thot NP INFL VP 1? Seb Sho fat ot hoitend in a dhaka.cod a i Ge does not Corpides hadehional phrope Ghutuge a an appropriate devite fx defining Lomrguege conshurte.. Ti plow the bueden of astdlawng well - fotmednon ‘b fub-calagonzahon fame OT heack: In prrople ony maximal projectin tan be te ument of a head , but Subcabgorgation p uwdl ar of Ha to peemit various heeds to Slat o tactoin Culpet of the verge ; moxinnad pre: Example) the verb“ eat" Can dub-talegorige toy NP, Wheteas Ane ves — ‘Sleep! camot. (8) “ote ford" hk well-formed but penlenu "cle the bed” mots The projechin prinople tr a bape. nohon in $8, place a Corshaint on the theee Syotadtic repwpenttatons and thos mappa fom one to the other. “The prnaple dates That vepseuntahins at all Syotache level ake. projechons from lexrton. Thus , Lexitall 1 lexrtall propectes of Cobigorical chuctuce must be. obreeved at each level. Suppone "the objet” th nob prount at d-lvel , Han anotut NP canmot take hus pirhon at Llovel.= : ® cae WN ON | Salo - Cabegorization only plaw a “Sehivtion on Syntace ores wlth a head can acegt. & pub angus resection on the leita heads Thsough whith | it amps Casdain vole “to th uments» These vols ate pre-amigned and Got be vio at SyytactioS a v nents tovell as pe the projection principle. Tho. asa Called tHata-vols amol are Yelatal 70 ‘Senvanbe-Seluhon HETAN. & | Thee are cackain “Hemnate voles ftom whik a hed tan falut «Tare ate Called (GERD avd tray ate wartoned | in tae LewicorEAMBB) ter Ve 'eact? Can take aguas | wilh O-vole "CAgent', There") | Agent pa speual type of yok whi tan be au prad by | a head to ouarde atgumer ts wher otheg vols ate ona nel willun A domain. | Henn: cK (M Mukesh ate food” ithe Verb ‘eat’ amis the Agent? myole to Mukesh’ aud) ‘Theme’ vole ‘to “foodC Comeiel ond Goveenmunt - (CID clepines te Scope of monmal prgecton. FE jk a basic merhanumn acugh vb many Consainty ake defined om Move ol Tf omy word or phone Coy oe or B) feb wttluin “Tre Stope and — ip. dehemined by a ™moxinal prjecion, ie Sau toad tte clomndtid a maxiwal pojedion . TY thote ate 40 ehuchiter OL awal PB releed in puch a way hot Vevey raaxiwel prjechon donate ok cloninaliy we ea trot X Common B. aol tur pr ener ae Sufcvent andition (i##) K Ccommonds- Guenmert A gpveens PB Os: OX C-commards P oh in om X amal evry voxel projection clemsnahiag B cominath x. oven, CEERI axe CO-nc9 :- Ty CB, Moe X pp deserbed 98 ‘move. ang hivg auras! though it provides seahachons 4 Valid movement.(36) Th GB, “te ative 40 passive transformation nr the volt of NP movement as Shown in genbnte below. Arotea well Known ~movernsyt Rothe twh-movemert , whee wh-pheare ik moved fellow: What did Mukesh eat ? [Mukesh JINFL eat what ] Ih the projecton prnepl, bxted oven must exat at all the these Level. “ho pinup when app bed 4p fome movement lads to the exyctenee e{ an abshat Cs: ety sd SES a pve, et Tn GO thou ae A types of empty Used ith hate amd NPctace amd NP posthons Ce ~amanivg wo beng psonours eabled (mall ‘pro’ and hwo properties bia 'Peo’. Thi division boned on — anaphow'e (4a ov —a) ama prononsral Cp ow -p): ang tS Wh ae a cn.8, Ne- trae 44, -P psst- PIO Small ‘pro! a, +P by ‘peo’ +,4Pip Tre indening of te Subject NP and ACR at d~shuchte which ate prsceved by Move ol Opstehns at s-chuctute. When on N@-wovement takes ple, a trate of “he movement |) jx Geotttd by having an indexed o ory (2c) fom the poicton y wlth, te ah tp Coneaponchgy indexed NP. fox clefing conshaink to movement , te tuoty ‘ews tfses two posrhoa 4 contence » Resitions asiyned 0 -wles ote called B-posthons , vole clos ate Called 8 -posihom. Cove cparmmaead posthons ate Called A poichow avo The et an alld 9B -pasthins. Birding ip degined by Sells (i995) a fellow: ol bin B if ol C-Commands Pe. and ol aml B oe Lo- indexed [ee INFL Kill Mukesh] [ Mukeshe war Killed Choy 2) Mukesh wos Killed.(ey) Emply Claune (€;) mel Matesh CNR) oe bowmnd. Tir theory gees a voatio nship between NR. Binds Arson aan be ae as follown : (a) 4n amaphor (4a) ty bound in ih grening catigory. ® A prononenal (+p) in fee tn ih pa tatigony. © m R-eppresion (-a, -p) pr feee- A. Mukesh? Known himself; Bi Mukeshe believes that Armta Frou hime Ct Mukesh bebrves that Amita Kroux Nupur, Sivailay euler apply on emphy cat gories abo: NP—taw. +a,—p+ Mukesh, was killed e wh—-haw | —4, -P* who; dow he: like ec Gogh yey, Penal CEP) “The prope gpreenment: ix Aefined GA: & prpely qeveens p i: ol govans B anol X ik loxitad Cie. NV, 4 0 P) ov XK lerally A-binds B the ECP sys "DB how must be properly goeenedl: eTAN.R Ler rratessoThis povciple jushies toe cuachén ef enphy chante dain NP-tow amd Wirtace amal abo explains the Sul} [objet aryrrmthies to Bome extent. Ay in the pllowing Sententes: (a) What; do you timk that Mukesh ate e? (b) What, do gou dink Mukesh ate ei? Eoagisee Sh Tay! Th Gplah , the long clirtames ancovemert fet camplment Uae Qn be. explained Ki bounding Theory i‘ NP and S Be token fo be bou vy nodes The Thuory Foy thet he appliccion of, Move mot Crass More Than one boundivg mode. The Theory of Conve) involves symlerr, Serwanhir avel prog main Cae Tey od Ore A Th 66, Que theory deals wit, tke debvbudton of Nk and avenhons that each NP mut be ausigred a tthe. Ih Erle, we hove tte Nnommnahve, objective. genitive eke, cares whith ate amyned to NR at pattulad postion. Tran langusges axe vith in Com-mayke%, whith ate Caged even duu movemenb .@® Case Fitted s- nro An NP js un gamnvatital if it has phonehe content ov if yy an agqument and jx not Cane -mackeds Phenctre Content hora. , Vofess do fore. physical veabgahon an opposed to emphy Cedlegonies. Thus , Care fille voit Jue movement of NP at a peschon whith has no Cre cunggnmert BH woxda nm a mong sinula? to thal of the 6-carhewn. 6B pronto model 4 the language wha hes Freee levels of Syaachic SyEReIseN, — Fasums phsope. chutes 4p be te oxime prjedion th, ome lope head aud ina ginvilas sfesleion, explains he chuclute of o fenkente ox a Uaupe- —> B awigns Nasioyr Type roles to “thgne Shurtuter ancl ollleryx tam a broad Kind oh movement Cableol Move ols —> Fr than defingr vazioyr ype of conshainta lub rect Cosdoim movernenk auch Justitia oles. TaN Ser erciess*CRETE, LEG vepannt gemtenees ad choo cymlaute levels - Condtihort chuduse Ce-chuchite) amel Amehonal trucker (--shuchse). Kaplan propeped a concselz tom +e the Register name ond Valuas whith became “the funchoral) ehuchutes in LFG. On the Ofer hand , Bresnan was mete Contetned with the problem of, coplointiay frome Lirguishe vague puch as ative | passive aud dative abrenaton, i» | ‘hess etmehonal ap preach. She preposeal stat puch issues fan be dealt with by “ lexical ‘selandinty wule. Te tam ‘Lerita Famchonol” jp Compened of tao teemet the \Agamchenal peat in detived -fom (gpemmachiod fuchsin’, gus as cubed Bik Objet, OF oles ployed by Vauious asgumenb in a Srtente. : Ae ‘lexical’ post Jp desived fem He fact Fiat Te leciead ule Gn be formulated to help clefine the given ghuchwe Of & fentente and Some of, the long dlistanta depencencies, wlth diggualt in “fons foemationall grnasG3) The Cchwwhke ip derived fom dhe ypucd) phsane. and fentene cha. syntax as in CFG. The gtemmetitall funciona ele tamot be dexived clivecty fim pheape amd Srrtene. Pruchie , funchonal peeigratens are amotated en the Nodes & Cohuhke, whith when applica on fentences, Ynult in te chuture. Hen fteshuchite he tinal product whilr encodes the ingtmadton obtained fem phscare ave fertente. Ghuduce wall Vat functional Spevspiiohons « osm. CFG ules to handle. This femeria ate: | > NP VP vp —>V $NP3 {NP PP {s'} pp —> PNP NP —> Dt N {Pry i Comp S Whoa ee Ns noun | ‘ Ss Senne Th: ophonal a es a Ho es Pheaw Can appear any numbed of times jnluds | PS ppesiten coe e % a | Si Claure VaalWhen amnokkd with functional Spetefirachons, the culos betone : Rubt:; S—> NP Nee taj=) t=t Rie 2: Veov {Ney [Ney pp* $s} Pobj=1 fobjr.=] tWase)=) $ comp=] Rile a PPP NP t obj= 1 Rule hs NP—> {det Nf PP% ft Adjunct =) Role 5: Se Comp aa Huo. TP —vefets to the fishuchite of the moles node that ws the Git ond Side of “the ule. ree gymbol voles dy the F-shuchae una whith it jp denoted. Meniasteine Rule <1 CF sab = 1) inditates Thad the. + chuchuce oy the fant NP gpos to he tichuchite, of the, Subject re gentene. , wlik (t= V) tinditates thot tho FShruture the i dlivectyy fo The + chuohee. the of the neck. entente. VP.Conceenry = Tra. given shuts. partuules abrioute me have ot te ‘mot one value. Henw., wlule. Unifying avo Peehuthates » if The attnbule Num hos value SG jp one. amd PL in the other, it will be Yejected Completeness : when an fichuduce and all its Subeidiony Leduuhies Contain all tne dunctons thet their preditaes gown. then avd only then in the +. chuclwee Complete. Coherence : Coherent map ie Completeness propesty in he “veverse clivertion - Br Yeqpires Fhot all gevewnable. ara Of an Peshuchute. ama all ih subsidiagy Pchuctuees art be: gevired bey thois “werpective. preckcactes. Hente a *Shucute. + a Senlene., an objet tonnot be Faken + the vb does not allow ted Objet ask : ote Lexa Rules | in LEG pe Diyjeont uoones have duper kind y levital wules and tonstrainty $8 hondling various pontente.-Conshu « > Tn $6, 1%0 expres a Serene. in ie passive fom, the Vetb changed to ix pocherpial fem and the abilety ef tha Votb “to ansign care andl tfeenal O-vole. jp talon peed .N Vi Obj=1 | | She Sau) FPad='PRO Med ="Seae < (4 suk) (tory) >” NP 4 Tense. = PAST N | | Store t Pred = 'stav* The repaesented ws Re 38 Subj Num SG Gn FEM Case NOM Prd “PRO Pers 3 Ob} | um = PL Prd ‘Star’ fred ‘Su?

Active : arr ir ; races Vast catia Tara laughed Cauntive | ater + ag ar ri MoniXa ne. Tara Ko hantaayaa Monta Si) Taxa Obj laughs -cayne= pat Monika mode Tara to laugh. Actve: T Pad =! Lowy <4 Subj>" Comodive: TP Pred = ' cause

” Wee Be Th GB, when a Category moved, it (Wecilr am emphy Cabeo ony Tn LEC), Unbounded movement amo Coordination handled by tre dynchonal identity gwd by Comelaton with the Coreespondivg f-shucuse. ' Exon » Conpideg The wh-movenunt in the follovong Sent. Whih pichire. does Tara Uike-most 7 he + can be repegented we Ob pred ‘PRO? Fou "th [ee ate 1 fred picture. ” Subj [Ped "Taso" Ae aE 1 Reed "ike. SCt5up) 105)9>"