Jamwal rulers
Raja Dhruv Dev laid down the foundations of the Jamwal rulers of Jammu in 1703. ]
His son Raja Ranjit Dev (1728–1780), introduced social reforms such as a ban on sati (immolation of the wife on the
pyre of the husband) and female infanticide.
Raja Ranjit Dev was succeeded by Raja Braj Dev who killed his brother and nephew to become king ] Raja Braj
Dev was killed during the Sikh invasion of Jammu in 1787.[13].His infant son Raja Sampuran Singh (1787–1797)
succeeded with Jammu becoming an autonomous tributary under the Sikh Confederacy Misls.[14] Sampuran Singh
with no issue, was succeeded by his uncle Raja Jit Singh.
Jit Singh was involved in another conflict with the Sikh empire, which he lost and was exiled into British territory. With
Jammu fully annexed by the Sikhs around 1808, Ranjit Singh first allotted it to his son Kharak Singh. However,
Kharak Singh's agents were unable to maintain law and order, with locals led by Mian Dedo rebelling against the
Sikh jagirdar (governor).[15][16] In 1820, Ranjit Singh then bestowed the territory as a hereditary fiefdom to Gulab
Singh's father Kishore Singh,[17] a distant kinsman of Raja Jit Singh. On his father's death in 1822, Jammu passed to
Gulab Singh.[18]
Gulab Singh
Raja Gulab Singh (1792-1857) was a key figure in the history of Jammu and
Kashmir. He rose to prominence within the Sikh Empire, eventually becoming
Raja of Jammu in 1822. Through conquest and negotiation, he expanded his
territory significantly.
Gulab Singh's legacy is complex and contested. He is viewed as a shrewd
strategist and capable ruler who brought stability to the region. However, his
methods and policies have also been criticized for their impact on local
population
DOGRA RULLERS
The term Dogra is thought to derive from Durgara, the name of a kingdom mentioned in an eleventh century
copper-plate inscription in Chamba. In medieval times the term became Dugar, which later turned into Dogra.
Kalhana's Rajatarangini makes no mention of a kingdom by this name, but it could have been referred to by its
capital (either Vallapura, modern Balor, or Babbapura, modern Babor). In modern times, the term Dogra turned
into an ethnic identity, claimed by all those people that speak the Dogri language.
Gulab Singh (1846–1856)
Maharaja Gulab Singh (1792-1857) ruled Jammu and Kashmir from 1846 to 1856. He
started as a local leader within the Sikh Empire and gained control of Kashmir after a
major conflict.
As Maharaja, he established Jammu and Kashmir as a princely state under British
influence. He focused on building infrastructure, trade, and administration. His legacy is
complex, with both positive and negative aspects regarding his impact on the region.
Ranbir Singh (1856-1885
Succeeded his father, Gulab Singh, as Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir at age 28.
Focused on expanding the state's territory, including annexing Gilgit.
Invested in infrastructure projects like roads, bridges, and irrigation systems.
Supported trade and industries, boosting Kashmir's famous shawl exports.
Established schools and libraries, promoting education and culture.
Maintained a peaceful relationship with the British Raj, offering aid during the 1857 uprising
Pratap Singh (1885–1925)
Reigned as Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir for 40 years, overseeing significant
changes.
Modernized administration, introducing land reforms and legal codes.
Built infrastructure projects like the Banihal Cart Road, connecting major cities.
Supported education, establishing schools and colleges, including Sri Pratap College.
Faced criticism for maintaining some aristocratic traditions and limiting political
participation.
During his reign, the state saw economic growth and social reforms, but also challenges
like famines and limited political rights.
Hari Singh (1925–1952) (Monarchy abolished)
Hari Singh (1925-1952) was last Maharaja of Jammu & Kashmir. His reign saw the state
join India in 1947, sparking conflict. He oversaw some reforms but ended the monarchy
in 1952. His legacy remains debated.
Karan Singh (Titular) (1952–1961)
ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES IN JAMMU AND KASMIR
NAME LOCATION FEATURES TIME
Burzahom Burzahom village in Tools made up of animal bones 2000 and
Archaeologic Srinagar and antlers. 3000 BCE.
al Site Animal Burials (of dogs and
antlered deer). It is a unique
feature of Burzahom.
Bone needles, cotton and wool.
Gufkral: Banmir village in copper bangle and copper pin, 2000-3000 BCE.
Hurdumir area of stone celts, stone points, ring
Tral. stone, pounders, querns,
Awantipora banks of river Jehlum The two temples are Awantiswami 9TH CENTURY CE
Ruins temple dedicated
to Vishnu and Awantishwar
temple dedicated to Shiva.
Martand Sun ANANTNAG The Martand Sun Temple also known 8th century CE
Temple as Pandou Laidan is a Hindu temple
dedicated to Surya (the chief solar deity
in Hinduism)
. Manda- right bank of Chenab It shows three fold sequence of culture 3000 BCE
Jammu river in the foothills of which are period 1 (pre Harrapan),
Pir Panjal range, 28 Period 2 (early historical period) and
km northwest of period 3 ( Kushana Period).
Jammu
Manda is considered the northernmost
limit of the Harappan Civilisation. It is
considered a site established to procure
wood from Himalayan Sub hills and
send it downriver to other towns of the
Indus Valley Civilisation.
6. Semthan, Bijbihara
Bijbihara The findings at Semthan bridged the
gap between the Neolithic and the
Kushana period in Kashmir”. Semthan
has provided important evidence about
three hitherto unknown cultures in the
valley of Kashmir, the pre NBP, NBPW
and the Indo-Greek.
