Exp. No. 4.
Build an Artificial Neural Network by implementing the Backpropagation algorithm
and test the same using appropriate data sets.
Python Program to Implement and Demonstrate Backpropagation
Algorithm Machine Learning
Training Examples:
Example Sleep Study Expected % in Exams
1 2 9 92
2 1 5 86
3 3 6 89
Normalize the input
Expected %
Example Sleep Study in Exams
2/3 =
1 0.66666667 9/9 = 1 0.92
1/3 = 5/9 =
2 0.33333333 0.55555556 0.86
6/9 =
3 3/3 = 1 0.66666667 0.89
import numpy as np
X = np.array(([2, 9], [1, 5], [3, 6]), dtype=float)
y = np.array(([92], [86], [89]), dtype=float)
X = X/np.amax(X,axis=0) #maximum of X array longitudinally
y = y/100
#Sigmoid Function
def sigmoid (x):
return 1/(1 + np.exp(-x))
#Derivative of Sigmoid Function
def derivatives_sigmoid(x):
return x * (1 - x)
#Variable initialization
epoch=5 #Setting training iterations
lr=0.1 #Setting learning rate
inputlayer_neurons = 2 #number of features in data set
hiddenlayer_neurons = 3 #number of hidden layers neurons
output_neurons = 1 #number of neurons at output layer
#weight and bias initialization
wh=np.random.uniform(size=(inputlayer_neurons,hiddenlayer_neuron
s))
bh=np.random.uniform(size=(1,hiddenlayer_neurons))
wout=np.random.uniform(size=(hiddenlayer_neurons,output_neurons)
)
bout=np.random.uniform(size=(1,output_neurons))
#draws a random range of numbers uniformly of dim x*y
for i in range(epoch):
#Forward Propogation
hinp1=np.dot(X,wh)
hinp=hinp1 + bh
hlayer_act = sigmoid(hinp)
outinp1=np.dot(hlayer_act,wout)
outinp= outinp1+bout
output = sigmoid(outinp)
#Backpropagation
EO = y-output
outgrad = derivatives_sigmoid(output)
d_output = EO * outgrad
EH = d_output.dot(wout.T)
hiddengrad = derivatives_sigmoid(hlayer_act)#how much hidden
layer wts contributed to error
d_hiddenlayer = EH * hiddengrad
wout += hlayer_act.T.dot(d_output) *lr # dotproduct
of nextlayererror and currentlayerop
wh += X.T.dot(d_hiddenlayer) *lr
print ("-----------Epoch-", i+1, "Starts----------")
print("Input: \n" + str(X))
print("Actual Output: \n" + str(y))
print("Predicted Output: \n" ,output)
print ("-----------Epoch-", i+1, "Ends----------\n")
print("Input: \n" + str(X))
print("Actual Output: \n" + str(y))
print("Predicted Output: \n" ,output)
Output
———–Epoch- 1 Starts———-
Input:
[[0.66666667 1. ]
[0.33333333 0.55555556]
[1. 0.66666667]]
Actual Output:
[[0.92]
[0.86]
[0.89]]
Predicted Output:
[[0.81951208]
[0.8007242 ]
[0.82485744]]
———–Epoch- 1 Ends———-
Epoch- 2 Starts———-
Input:
[[0.66666667 1. ]
[0.33333333 0.55555556]
[1. 0.66666667]]
Actual Output:
[[0.92]
[0.86]
[0.89]]
Predicted Output:
[[0.82033938]
[0.80153634]
[0.82568134]]
———–Epoch- 2 Ends———-
———–Epoch- 3 Starts———-
Input:
[[0.66666667 1. ]
[0.33333333 0.55555556]
[1. 0.66666667]]
Actual Output:
[[0.92]
[0.86]
[0.89]]
Predicted Output:
[[0.82115226]
[0.80233463]
[0.82649072]]
———–Epoch- 3 Ends———-
Epoch- 4 Starts———-
Input:
[[0.66666667 1. ]
[0.33333333 0.55555556]
[1. 0.66666667]]
Actual Output:
[[0.92]
[0.86]
[0.89]]
Predicted Output:
[[0.82195108]
[0.80311943]
[0.82728598]]
———–Epoch- 4 Ends———-
———–Epoch- 5 Starts———-
Input:
[[0.66666667 1. ]
[0.33333333 0.55555556]
[1. 0.66666667]]
Actual Output:
[[0.92]
[0.86]
[0.89]]
Predicted Output:
[[0.8227362 ]
[0.80389106]
[0.82806747]]
———–Epoch- 5 Ends———-
Input:
[[0.66666667 1. ]
[0.33333333 0.55555556]
[1. 0.66666667]]
Actual Output:
[[0.92]
[0.86]
[0.89]]
Predicted Output:
[[0.8227362 ]
[0.80389106]
[0.82806747]]
