Benodigdhede vir hierdie vraestel/Requirements for this paper:

Multikeusekaarte/ Nie-programmeerbare sakrekenaar/ Oopboek-eksamen/ NEE/

X X
Multi-choice cards: Non-programmable calculator: Open book examination? NO

Grafiekpapier/ Draagbare Rekenaar/

Graph paper: Laptop:

EKSAMEN/TOETS Klastoets 3/ KWALIFIKASIE/ BCom, BSc

EXAMINATION/TEST: Class test 3 QUALIFICATION:

MODULEKODE/ STTN122 TYDSDUUR/ 1 uur/hour

MODULE CODE: DURATION:

MODULEBESKRYWING/ Inleidende Statistiek/ MAKS/ 34

MODULE DESCRIPTION: Introductory Statistics MAX:

EKSAMINATOR(E)/ Mr CJL van Heerden DATUM/ 20/09/2019

EXAMINER(S): DATE:

TYD/TIME: 10:00

MODERATOR(E)/ Prof JS Allison

MODERATOR(S):

Instruksies Instructions
 Beantwoord alle vrae op die multikeusekaart  Answer all questions on the multiple choice card
voorsien. Omkring ook jou antwoorde op die provided. Circle your answers on the question paper
vraestel en handig die vraestel saam met die as well and hand in the question paper with the
multikeusekaart in. multiple choice card.
 ’n Formuleblad word aan die einde van die vraestel  A formula sheet is provided at the end of the paper.
voorsien.

Vir Vraag 1 tot Vraag 5, kies die begrip wat For Question 1 to Question 5, choose the concept
gedefinieer word. being defined.
Vraag 1 [2] Question 1 [2]
’n Algemene neiging wat toegeskryf kan word aan A general trend that can be ascribed to factors which
faktore wat hulle invloed op die lange duur laat geld. influence them over the long term.

(A) Seisoenskommeling (A) Seasonal component

(B) Sikliese beweging (B) Cyclic component
(C) Langtermyntendens (C) Long-term movement
(D) Onreëlmatige variasie (D) Irregular variation
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

Vraag 2 [2] Question 2 [2]

Assosieer ’n numeriese waarde met elke individuele Associates a numerical value with each individual
uitkoms van ’n eksperiment. outcome of an experiment.

(A) Stogastiese veranderlike (A) Random variable

(B) Waarskynlikheidsdigtheidsfunksie (B) Probability density function
(C) Parameter (C) Parameter
(D) Statistiek (D) Statistic
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

STTN122: Klastoets 3 / Class Test 3

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Vraag 3 [2] Question 3 [2]
Die metode wanneer die populasieparameter beraam The method when the population parameter is estimated
word deur ’n enkele syfer wat gebaseer is op die by a single number calculated from sample data.
steekproefdata.

(A) Standaardafwyking (A) Standard deviation

(B) Intervalberaming (B) Interval estimation
(C) Stogastiese veranderlike (C) Random variable
(D) Puntberaming (D) Point estimation
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

Vraag 4 [2] Question 4 [2]

’n Opsommende getal wat uit ’n steekproef bereken A summarising value calculated from a sample.
word.

(A) Statistiek (A) Statistic

(B) Parameter (B) Parameter
(C) Intervalberaming (C) Interval estimation
(D) Tydreeks (D) Time series
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

Vraag 5 [2] Question 5 [2]

’n Beramer word __________ genoem indien, vir ’n An estimator is called __________ if, for a fixed sample
vaste steekproefgrootte 𝑛, die gemiddeld van die size 𝑛, the mean of the estimator’s sampling distribution
beramer se steekproefverdeling gelyk is aan die is equal to the true value of the parameter being
werklike waarde van die parameter. estimated.

(A) Doeltreffend (A) Efficient

(B) Onsydig (B) Unbiased
(C) Konsekwent (C) Consistent
(D) Standaardnormaal (D) Standard normal
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

Vraag 6 [2] Question 6 [2]

Pas die elemente van lys A (bewegingskomponente) Match the elements of list A (movement components) to
by dié van lys B (voorbeelde) en kies dan die regte those of list B (examples) and then choose the correct
kombinasie uit die gegewe opsies. combination from the given options.

Lys A: Bewegingskomponente List A: Movement components

(i) Langtermyntendens (i) Long-term movement
(ii) Sikliese beweging (ii) Cyclic movement
(iii) Seisoenskommeling (iii) Seasonal fluctuation
(iv) Onreëlmatige variasie (iv) Irregular variation

Lys B: Voorbeelde List B: Examples

a. Skoolvakansies a. School holidays
b. Besigheidsiklus b. Business cycle
c. Stakings c. Strikes
d. Verskuiwing van gewoontes en houdings d. Shifting of behaviour and attitudes

Kies die korrekte opsie. Choose the correct option.

(A) (i) d ; (ii) a ; (iii) c ; (iv) b (A) (i) d ; (ii) a ; (iii) c ; (iv) b
(B) (i) b ; (ii) a ; (iii) d ; (iv) c (B) (i) b ; (ii) a ; (iii) d ; (iv) c
(C) (i) c ; (ii) b ; (iii) d ; (iv) a (C) (i) c ; (ii) b ; (iii) d ; (iv) a
(D) (i) d ; (ii) b ; (iii) a ; (iv) c (D) (i) d ; (ii) b ; (iii) a ; (iv) c
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

STTN122: Klastoets 3 / Class Test 3

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Gebruik die volgende inlingting om Vraag 7 tot Use the following information to answer Question 7
Vraag 9 te beantwoord. to Question 9.
’n Hotel se maandelikse besettingsyfer (%) vir die A hotel’s monthly occupancy rate (%) for the first eleven
eerste elf maande van 2018 was as volg. months of 2018 was as follows.

Maand Besettingsyfer (%) Month Occupancy rate (%)

Januarie 74 January 74
Februarie 82 February 82
Maart 70 March 70
April 90 April 90
Mei 88 May 88
Junie 74 June 74
Julie 64 July 64
Augustus 69 August 69
September 58 September 58
Oktober 65 October 65
November 82 November 82
Something white here.
Vraag 7 [2] Question 7 [2]
Bepaal die vergelyking van die kleinste-kwadrate Determine the equation of the least squares trend line by
tendenslyn deur middel van die nulsommetode. making use of the zero-sum method.

(A) 𝑦̂ = 73.559 − 1.141𝑥 (A) 𝑦̂ = 73.559 − 1.141𝑥

(B) 𝑦̂ = 73.559 + 1.141𝑥 (B) 𝑦̂ = 73.559 + 1.141𝑥
(C) 𝑦̂ = 74.182 − 1.182𝑥 (C) 𝑦̂ = 74.182 − 1.182𝑥
(D) 𝑦̂ = 74.182 + 1.182𝑥 (D) 𝑦̂ = 74.182 + 1.182𝑥
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

Vraag 8 [2] Question 8 [2]

Beraam die verwagte besettingsyfer vir Februarie Estimate the expected occupancy rate for February
2019. 2019.

(A) 83.638% (A) 83.638%

(B) 64.726% (B) 64.726%
(C) 64.431% (C) 64.431%
(D) 82.687% (D) 82.687%
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

Vraag 9 [2] Question 9 [2]

Bereken die drie-maand bewegende gemiddeld vir Calculate the three month moving average for October
Oktober 2018. 2018.

(A) 64% (A) 64%

(B) 49.431% (B) 49.431%
(C) 64.726% (C) 64.726%
(D) 68.333% (D) 68.333%
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

Vraag 10 [2] Question 10 [2]

Veronderstel 𝑍 ∼ 𝑁(0,1). Bepaal 𝑃(𝑍 ≥ 2.35). Suppose 𝑍 ∼ 𝑁(0,1). Determine 𝑃(𝑍 ≥ 2.35).

(A) 0.9906 (A) 0.9906

(B) 0.0094 (B) 0.0094
(C) 0.985 (C) 0.985
(D) 0.9904 (D) 0.9904
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

STTN122: Klastoets 3 / Class Test 3

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Vraag 11 [2] Question 11 [2]
Veronderstel 𝑍 ∼ 𝑁(0,1). Bepaal die waarde van 𝑘 Suppose 𝑍 ∼ 𝑁(0,1). Determine the value of 𝑘 such that
sodanig dat 𝑃(𝑍 > 𝑘) = 0.33. 𝑃(𝑍 > 𝑘) = 0.33.

(A) 0.67 (A) 0.67

(B) 0.44 (B) 0.44
(C) 0.56 (C) 0.56
(D) 1.96 (D) 1.96
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

Vraag 12 [2] Question 12 [2]

Volgens die Sentralelimietstelling geld die volgende: According to the Central Limit Theorem the following
holds:

Wat ook al die populasieverdeling mag wees, die Whatever the population distribution, the distribution of
verdeling van (a)_____ is by benadering normaal as 𝑛 (a)_____ is approximately normal when 𝑛 (the sample
(die steekproefgrootte) (b)_____ is. size) is (b)_____.

Verskaf die ontbrekende woorde (a) en (b). Provide the missing words (a) and (b).

(A) a = 𝜇 ; b = groot (A) a = 𝜇 ; b = large

(B) a = 𝑋̅ ; b = klein (B) a = 𝑋̅ ; b = small
(C) a = 𝜇 ; b = klein (C) a = 𝜇 ; b = small
(D) a = 𝑋̅ ; b = groot (D) a = 𝑋̅ ; b = large
(E) a = 𝜋 ; b = groot. (E) a = 𝜋 ; b = large.

Vraag 13 [2] Question 13 [2]

Dit is bekend dat die tyd wat studente by die NWU per It is known that the time which students at the NWU
aand slaap normaal verdeel is met ’n gemiddeld van 7 sleep per night is normally distributed with a mean of 7
ure en ’n standaardafwyking van 40 minute. ’n hours and a standard deviation of 40 minutes. A sample
Steekproef van 40 studente word geneem. Bereken of 40 students is taken. Calculate the probability that the
die waarskynlikheid dat die steekproefgemiddelde tyd sample mean time that the students sleep is less than 7
wat die studente slaap minder as 7 ure en 10 minute hours and 10 minutes.
is.
(A) 0.5987 (A) 0.5987
(B) 0.9904 (B) 0.9904
(C) 0.9429 (C) 0.9429
(D) 0.0571 (D) 0.0571
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

Gebruik die volgende inligting om Vraag 14 en Use the following information to answer Question 14
Vraag 15 te beantwoord. and Question 15.
’n Ewekansige steekproef van 150 motorfietse in ’n A random sample of 150 motorcycles taken from a large
groot besending toon dat 12 van hulle foutiewe consignment reveals that 12 of them have defective
spanningsreguleerders het. voltage regulators.

Vraag 14 [2] Question 14 [2]

Bereken ’n puntberamer vir die proporsie motorfietse Calculate a point estimator for the proportion of
wat foutiewe spanningsreguleerders het. motorcycles that have defective voltage regulators.

(A) 0.32 (A) 0.32

(B) 0.05 (B) 0.05
(C) 0.5 (C) 0.5
(D) 0.75 (D) 0.75
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

STTN122: Klastoets 3 / Class Test 3

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Vraag 15 [2] Question 15 [2]
Bereken ’n 95%-vertrouensinterval vir die Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the population
populasieproporsie motorfietse wat foutiewe proportion motorcycles that have defective voltage
spanningsreguleerders het. regulators.

(A) [0.044; 0.116] (A) [0.044; 0.116]

(B) [0.023; 0.137] (B) [0.023; 0.137]
(C) [0.736; 0.864] (C) [0.736; 0.864]
(D) [0.037; 0.123] (D) [0.037; 0.123]
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

Gebruik die volgende inligting om Vraag 16 en Use the following information to answer Question 16
Vraag 17 te beantwoord. and Question 17.
’n Verfhandelaar wil die korrekte hoeveelheid verf A paint retailer wants to estimate the correct amount of
beraam wat vyfliterblikke van ‘n sekere vervaardiger paint that is contained in five-litre cans from a certain
bevat. Die gemiddelde hoeveelheid verf in ’n manufacturer. The average amount of paint in a sample
steekproef van 35 vyfliterblikke is 4.792 ℓ met ’n of 35 five-litre cans is 4.792 ℓ with a standard deviation
standaardafwyking van 0.04 ℓ. of 0.04 ℓ.

Vraag 16 [2] Question 16 [2]

Bereken ’n 90%-vertrouensinterval vir die Calculate a 90% confidence interval for the population
populasiegemiddelde hoeveelheid verf in ’n vyfliterblik. mean amount of paint in a five-litre can.

(A) [4.781; 4.803] (A) [4.781; 4.803]

(B) [4.778; 4.806] (B) [4.778; 4.806]
(C) [4.775; 4.809] (C) [4.775; 4.809]
(D) [4.870; 4.914] (D) [4.870; 4.914]
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

Vraag 17 [2] Question 17 [2]

Indien die vertrouenskoëffisiënt na 99% verhoog word, If the confidence coefficient is increased to 99%, what
wat verwag u sal die invloed op die lengte van die do you expect the influence to be on the length of the
interval in Vraag 16 wees? interval in Question 16?

(A) Geen invloed. (A) No influence.

(B) Intervallengte neem toe. (B) Interval length increases.
(C) Intervallengte neem af. (C) Interval length decreases.
(D) Intervallengte verdubbel. (D) Interval length doubles.
(E) Geen van die bogenoemde. (E) None of the above.

TOTAAL/TOTAL: 34

STTN122: Klastoets 3 / Class Test 3

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 Standard normal table / Standaardnormaaltabel
Cumulative probabilities for positive z values.
Kumulatiewe waarskynlikhede vir positiewe z-waardes.

Z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986
3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990

STTN122: Klastoets 3 / Class Test 3

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 Standard normal table / Standaardnormaaltabel
Cumulative probabilities for negative z values.
Kumulatiewe waarskynlikhede vir negatiewe z-waardes.

Z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
-3.0 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010
-2.9 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014
-2.8 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019
-2.7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026
-2.6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036
-2.5 0.0062 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048
-2.4 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064
-2.3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084
-2.2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
-2.1 0.0179 0.0174 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143
-2.0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183
-1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233
-1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
-1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
-1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455
-1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
-1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681
-1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
-1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985
-1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170
-1.0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
-0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611
-0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
-0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
-0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
-0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776
-0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121
-0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483
-0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
-0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247
-0.0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641

STTN122: Klastoets 3 / Class Test 3

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 Formules / Formulae
n 1
1 n 1 k n 1 de waarneming/ th
x   xi x   fi mi de waarneming/ th observation 2
n i 1 n i 1 4 observation

R 1 k n 3(n  1)
w
k
x 
n i 1
fi xi
4
de waarneming/ th observation
4
de waarneming/ th observation

q  q1 qR 3n n
R  xmax  xmin qd  3  de waarneming/ th observation de waarneming/ th observation
2 2 4 2
hth  b  ((h  1)th  hth ) 1  n 2  1 n
qR  q3  q1    xi  x  .
2
s2   xi  nx 2  s2 
h de  b  ((h  1)de  h de ) n  1 i 1  n  1 i 1
1  k  1 k

s
s2  fi mi 2  nx 2  .  fi  mi  x  .
2
k  1  14
. ln n V  100  s2 
x n  1  i 1  n  1 i 1
1
sxy 1
 xy  n  x y  xy  n  x y
r b a  y  bx yˆ  a  bx
sxy  1
sx s y
 x  n ( x ) 2
2
n 1

q1  1.5qR q3  1.5qR b
 xy
R2  r 2
 x2
X  X  X  P2  P1 P  P1
Z Z t 
 / n S/ n T2  T1 Tg  T1

1 n 1 n 1  n 2 2
 Xi 
X
X S2  ( X i  X )2 S2    X i  nX  Pˆ 
n i 1 n  1 i 1 n  1  i 1  n

   S   S     S   S 
X  Z  2  ;X Z    X  tn1  2  ; X  tn1   
   n  2 n    n  2 n
𝑁ℓ     Pˆ (1  Pˆ ) ˆ    Pˆ (1  Pˆ ) 
𝑛ℓ = ×𝑛  Pˆ  Z   ;P Z   
𝑁  2 n 2 n 

X  0 X  0
Z ~ N (0,1) T ~ tn 1
S S
n n
X1  X 2 Pˆ1  Pˆ2 X  X2
Z ~ N (0,1) Z ~ N (0,1), where Pˆ  1
S  S 
  
2 2

 n  n 
1 2
Pˆ 1  Pˆ 1
 n12 n1  n2
 1  2
n1

Pˆ   0
Z ~ N (0,1) X  X2
T 1 ~ tn1 n2 2 , where S p 
 n1  1 S12   n2  1 S22
 0 1   0 
S p n11  n12 n1  n2  2
n

𝑛−1
𝑅𝑎2 = 1 − (1 − 𝑅 2 )
𝑛−𝑘−1

STTN122: Klastoets 3 / Class Test 3

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