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vijayapur 1
PUC II CHEMISTRY(34) CHAPTER 2 Prof.Biradar.SB.E,M.Tech,MSc(PhD) E-ID:[email protected]

CHAPTER-2 → 9 Hours → 7 Marks Usually Q.No

Prof.Biradar.SB.E,M.Tech,MSc(PhD) SOLUTIONS PART-A-2mark(2Qs) (Q.No.1,2)
PART-D-5marks(1Q) (Q.No.28)
9108178476 / 8123732269 /8310119175
Passing & Scoring package for annual theory exam March 2023
For 2023 PUCII exams PCMB Passing & Scoring classes starts: 20/1/2023 (Batch2)
1) Some definitions & Laws): Molality, molarity, Henry’s law, Raoult’s law
2) Ideal & Non-ideal solutions: Definition & Differences

6
3) Problems on colligative properties for 3 marks Q.No.28(a)or (b)

47
4) reverse osmosis & its application

78
For annual theory exam March 2023 PART –A

81
One mark questions:(UsuallyQ.No.1 & 2 )(Some definitions & Laws)
1. State Henry’s law-------------------------------------------------------------March 2018, June 2018

10
ANS: “At constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the

:9
partial pressure of the gas present above the surface of liquid [ or solution]”

ile
i.e ., Solubility α partial pressure of gas

ob
xαP

,M
=> xKH =P
∴ P = KHx

T)
Where, P= Partial pressure of gas in vapour phase , KH = Henry’s constant
EE
x= Mole fraction of gas in the solution [ Solubility of gas in the solution ]
/N

2. Define molality -------------------------------------------------------------------------------March 2016

ANS: Molality of solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute per kilogram [Kg] of
ET

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒

the solvent. i.e., 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑚) =
C

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝐾𝑔
B+

3. Define molarity-----------------------------------------------------------------March 2014, June 2014

ANS:Molarity of the solution is defined as the Number of moles of solute dissolved per litre of
M

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒

solution.i.e., 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 [𝑀] =
C

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒

r(P

4. What is binary solution? -----------------------------------------------------------------------June 2014

ANS: →If the solution consisting of two components (i.e., two substances) then the solution is
n te

called binary solution. OR

ce

→“A solution consisting of two components is called binary solution”

ng

5. On what factor the value of colligative property depends?--------------------------------June 2015

ANS: Depends only on number of solute particles but not on the nature of solute particles.
hi

6. Give an example for liquid solution in which solute is gas.------------------------------ June 2015
ac

ANS: CO2 in H2O (Soda water)

co

7. Mention the enthalpy of mixing (∆Hmixing) value to form an ideal solution.----------March 2014
c

ANS: ∆Hmixing = 0
pu

8. Write the unit of molality of a solution----------------------------------------------------- June 2019

ANS: mol /kg [or mol Kg-1].
S

9. State Raoult’s law for liquid mixtures. ---------------------------------------------------March 2016

ANS: Raoult’s law states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each
component of the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction present in the solution’.
10. Vant’s Hoff;s factor for a solution is less than one, what is the conclusion drawn from it ------M2018
ANS: Solute undergoes association (i.e Association of solute take place in the solution)
11. How does molarity varies with temperature?.---------------------------------- --------March 2017
ANS: →Molarity decreases with increase in temperature. OR
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market, Gandhi Chowk (S S Road) Bijapur-586101, Mob: 9108178476 / 8123732269 /8310119175
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→ Molarity increases with decrease in temperature. OR

→Molarity varies inversely with temperature OR
→Inversely proportional
12. At a given temperature and pressure nitrogen gas is more soluble in water than Helium gas.
Which one of them gas has higher value of KH?--------------------------------------------March 2015
ANS: Helium gas has higher value of KH
i.e., i) Higher the value of KH → less soluble.
ii) Lower the value of KH→ More soluble.
For annual theory exam March 2023 PART –D

6
Five marks questions:(UsuallyQ.No. 28 )(100% fix any one problem on colligative properties

47
for 3 marks Q.No.28(a)or (b) and Difference between Ideal & Non-ideal solutions(2marks))

78
1. a) The boiling point of benzene is 353.23 K, when 1.80g of a non-volatile solute was

81
dissolved in 90 g of benzene the boiling point is raised to 354.11K.Calculate the molar mass of

10
solute [Kb for benzene = 2.53KKgmol-1]-------------------- ----(3marks) March 2018, June 2015
b) Mention any two differences between ideal and non-ideal solutions.-(2)ReMarch2016,J2018,J2015

:9
ANS: a) Kb for benzene is 2.53 KKg mol-1

ile
Boiling point of benzene (𝑇 0 𝑏 ) = 353.23 𝐾 i.e., boiling point of pure solvent

ob
Mass of benzene i.e., Mass of solvent (𝑚𝐴 ) = 90 𝑔

,M
Mass of non – volatile solute (𝑚𝐵 ) = 1.80 𝑔
The boiling point of solution (Tb) = 354.11 K
Molar mass of solute (𝑀𝐵 ) = ?
T)
EE
𝐾 × 𝑚 ×1000
Now, Molar mass of solute (𝑀𝐵 ) = 𝑏 𝐵
/N

∆𝑇𝑏 × 𝑚𝐴
Now, elevation of boiling point ∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝑇𝑏 − 𝑇 0 𝑏
= 354.11 − 353.23 = 0.88𝐾
ET

2.53×1.80 ×1000
∴ 𝑀𝐵 = = 57.5 g mol-1
C

0.88 ×90
B+

b)
Ideal solution Non-Ideal solution
M

1) The liquid solution which obeys Raoult’s 1) The liquid solution which does not obey
C

law at all concentration and temperature is Raoult’s law at all concentration and
r(P

known as Ideal solution temperature is known as non-Ideal solution.

te

2) Pressure condition: 2) Pressure condition:

n

0 0
𝑃𝐴 = 𝑃𝐴 𝑋𝐴 & 𝑃𝐵 = 𝑃𝐵 𝑋𝐵 𝑃𝐴 ≠ 𝑃𝐴0 𝑋𝐴 & 𝑃𝐵 ≠ 𝑃𝐵0 𝑋𝐵
ce

∴ 𝑃𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑃𝐴0 𝑋𝐴 + 𝑃𝐵0 𝑋𝐵 ∴ 𝑃𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ≠ 𝑃𝐴 + 𝑃𝐵 ≠ 𝑃𝐴0 𝑋𝐴 + 𝑃𝐵0 𝑋𝐵

ng

3)Volume condition: ∆𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0 3)Volume condition: ∆𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑖𝑛𝑔 ≠ 0

hi

4) Enthalpy condition: ∆𝐻𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0 4) Enthalpy condition: ∆𝐻𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑖𝑛𝑔 ≠ 0

ac

5) Examples: i) Benzene + Toluene 5) Examples: i) Acetone + Ethanol

co

ii) Bromoethene + Chloroethene ii) Ethanol + water

iii) Bromobenzene + Chlorobenzene iii) Acetone + Benzene
c
pu

2. a) The vapour pressure of pure benzene at certain temperature is 0.850 bar. A non volatile non
electrolyte, solid weighing 0.5grams when added to 39grams of Benzene [Molar mass78g mol-1],
S

Vapour pressure of the solution is 0.845bar. What is the molar mass of solid substance?J2014
b) What happens to the solubility of a gas in a liquid with increase in temperature?Give reasonJ2014
ANS: a) Given Data: Vapour pressure of pure benzene (𝑃𝐴0 ) = 0.850 bar
Mass of benzene i.e., Mass of solvent (𝑚𝐴 ) = 39 g
Molar mass of benzene (𝑀𝐴 ) = 78g mol-1
Mass of non-volatile solid i.e., Mass of solute (𝑚𝐵 ) = 0.5 g

Prof. Biradar.M. BSc,Bed, MSc ESTD.2016 Prof. Biradar .S. B.E, M.Tech, MSc, (PhD)
PUC II PCMB free/Demo classes on every Sunday morning (11am-12:30pm)&PUCI (10-11am).
All PUC I&II Science students can send their request for PCMB Notes, Question papers, Important questions, through what’s app: 9108178476
S PUC Coaching Center (PCMB+CET/NEET) Vijayapur what’s app: 9108178476 For Video Visit Facebook & YouTube: spuccoachingcenter vijayapur 3
PUC II CHEMISTRY(34) CHAPTER 2 Prof.Biradar.SB.E,M.Tech,MSc(PhD) E-ID:[email protected]

Vapour pressure of solution (P) = 0.845 bar

Molar mass of solid substance i.e., Molar mass of solute (𝑀𝐵 ) =?
𝑚 𝑀 0.5 78 0.5 78
Molar mass of solute (𝑀𝐵 ) = 𝑃0 −𝐵𝑃 × 𝐴 = 0.850−0.845 × = × = 170 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
𝐴 𝑚𝐴 39 5.882 × 10−3 39
0.850
𝑃0𝐴
∴ Molar mass of solute (𝑀𝐵 ) = 170 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
b) →Decreases
→Reason: The process is exothermic.

6
3. a) 1.00g of non - electrolyte solute dissolved in 50g of benzene lowered the freezing point of

47
benzene by 0.40K. Find the molar mass of the solute. [Given: The freezing point depression

78
constant of benzene is 5.12 K Kg mol-1.-------------------- ---------- -------- (3marks ) March 2017
b) What is reverse osmosis? Mention its use-----------------------------------(2marks) March 2019

81
ANS: a) Given Data: Mass of solute (mB) = 1.00g

10
Mass of benzene i.e., Mass of solvent (mA) = 50g

:9
Lowered freezing point of benzene (∆𝑇𝑓 ) = 0.40𝐾 i.e., Freezing point depression

ile
Freezing point of Depression constant, Kf = 5.12 K Kg mol-1

ob
Molar mass of solute (MB) =?

,M
𝐾𝑓 ×𝑚𝐵 ×1000 5.12 × 1.00 × 1000
Now, Molar mass of solute (MB ) = = = 256𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
∆𝑇𝑓 × 𝑚𝐴 0.40 ×50

T)
b) Reverse osmosis: →The process of movement of pure solvent out of the solution, through
EE
the semipermiable membrane is called reverse osmosis. OR
→The process of reversing the direction of osmosis by applying the pressure higher than the
/N

osmotic pressure to the solution of higher concentration is called reverse osmosis.

ET

→Desalination of sea water

C

4. a)A solution containing 18g of non-volatile, non-electrolyte solute is dissolved in 200g of

B+

water freezes at 272.07 K. Calculate the molecular mass of solute. Given K f = 1.86K Kg mol-1.
Freezing point of water = 273 K .------------------------------------------------ (3marks)March 2015
M

b)Define i) Isotonic solution ii)Non-ideal solutions ---------(2marks) March 2015, March 2016
C
r(P

ANS: a) Given Data: Kf = 1.86 K Kg mol-1

Freezing point of water i.e., Freezing point of (pure solvent) (T0f ) = 273K
te

Mass of solute (mB) = 18g

n
ce

Mass of water i.e., Mass of solvent (mA) = 200g

Molecular mass of solute (MB) =?
ng

𝐾𝑓 × 𝑀𝐵 × 1000
Now, Molecular mass of solute (MB) =
hi

∆𝑇𝑓 × 𝑚𝐴
𝑇 0𝑓
ac

Now, ∆𝑇𝑓 = − 𝑇𝑓 = 273 − 272.07 = 0.93 𝐾

1.86 × 18 × 1000
co

∴ 𝑀𝐵 =
0.93 × 200
c

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑀𝐵 = 180𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

pu

b) i) Isotonic Solution: “If two different solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given
S

temperature then the solutions are called isotonic solution”.

ii) Non-ideal solutions: “The liquid solutions which does not obey Raoult’s law at all
concentration and temperature are known as non-Ideal solutions”.
5. a) 200cm3 of an aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26g of the protein. The osmotic
pressure of such a solution at 300K is found to be 2.57 X 10 -3 bar. Calculate molar mass of the
protein ( R= 0.083L mol-1K-1)--------------------------------- -------------------(3marks) March 2016
b) State Henry’s law. Write its mathematical form----------------------------(2marks) March 2014

Address: S PUC Coaching Center, Above P.V.Sugandhi building (at S S Heights), Opposite LBS
market, Gandhi Chowk (S S Road) Bijapur-586101, Mob: 9108178476 / 8123732269 /8310119175
 For 100 % fix questions PCMB Videos Join & Subscribe You tube channel: S PUC Coaching Center 4

ANS: a) Given Data: Solution constant, R = 0.083 L bar mol-1K-1

Volume of solution (V) = 200cm3 = 200 × (10-2)3 m3 [∵ 1𝑐𝑚3 = (10−2 )3 m3 ]
= 200 × 10-6 m3
= 200 × 10-6 X 103 L [∵ 1𝑚3 , 1000𝐿]
= 200×10-3L
V = 0.2 L
Mass of protein(solute)=1.26g = mB , Temperature =300K, Osmotic pressure, π = 2.57 × 10-3 bar
𝑅𝑇 × 𝑀𝐵
Molar mass of protein, MB =
𝜋×𝑉

6
0.083 × 300 × 1.26
∴ 𝑀𝐵 =

47
2.57× 10−3 × 0.2
Molar mass of protein MB= 61038.91 g mol-1

78
b) At constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial

81
pressure of the gas present above the surface of liquid [ or solution]

10
i.e ., Solubility α partial pressure of gas
xαP

:9
ile
=> xKH =P
∴ P = KHx

ob
Where, P= Partial pressure of gas in vapour phase , KH = Henry’s constant

,M
x= Mole fraction of gas in the solution [ Solubility of gas in the solution ]
6. a)Calculate the osmotic pressure in Pascal’s exerted by a solution prepared by dissolving 1.0g
T)
of polymer of molar mass 185000 in 450mL of water at 370C ---------------------(3marks) MQP
EE
b) How solubility of a gas in liquid varies with i) Temperature and ii) Pressure ?-(2)March 2017
/N

ANS: a) Given data: Osmotic pressure (π) =?, Mass of polymer (solute) = 1.0 g (mB)
ET

Molar mass of polymer = 185000 gmol-1 i.e., Molar mass of solute (MB)
450
𝐿 = 0.45 L
C

Volume of water i.e., Volume of solution, V = 450mL =

1000
B+

Solution constant, R = 0.83 L bar mol-1K-1 ,Temperature, (T) = 370C = 37 + 273.15 = 310.15K
𝑅𝑇× 𝑚𝐵
M

Now, Molar mass of solute MB =

𝜋×𝑉
C

0.083 ×310.15 × 1.0

185000 =
r(P

𝜋 ×0.45
0.083 ×310.15 × 1.0
𝜋=
te

185000 ×0.45
n

𝜋 = 3.09218 × 10−4 bar

ce

Now, Osmotic pressure in Pascal

𝜋 = 3.09218 × 10−4 × 105 𝑝𝑎 (∵ 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 105 𝑝𝑎)
ng

𝜋 = 30.9218 𝑃𝑎
hi
ac

b) i) Temperature:
→Solubility decreases with increase in temperature. OR
co

→ Solubility increases with decrease in temperature. OR

c

→ Solubility varies inversely with temperature.

pu

ii) Pressure:
→Solubility increases with increase in pressure. OR
S

→ Solubility decreases with decrease in pressure. OR

→ Solubility varies directly with pressure
➢ For 2023 PUCII exams PCMB Passing & Scoring classes starts: 20/1/2023 (Batch2) (Morning : 7 to7:50am)
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vacation only) and BATCH II starts on 10/04/2023 @ Rs 3000 per subject.

Prof. Biradar.M. BSc,Bed, MSc ESTD.2016 Prof. Biradar .S. B.E, M.Tech, MSc, (PhD)
PUC II PCMB free/Demo classes on every Sunday morning (11am-12:30pm)&PUCI (10-11am).
All PUC I&II Science students can send their request for PCMB Notes, Question papers, Important questions, through what’s app: 9108178476
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S PUC Coaching Center (PCMB+CET/NEET) Vijayapur what’s app: 9108178476 For Video Visit Facebook & YouTube: spuccoachingcenter vijayapur 1
PUC II CHEMISTRY(34) CHAPTER 4 Prof.Biradar.SB.E,M.Tech,MSc(PhD) E-ID:[email protected]

CHAPTER-4 → 8 Hours → 7 Marks Usually Q.No

Prof.Biradar.SB.E,M.Tech,MSc(PhD) CHEMICAL PART-A-1mark(1Q) (Q.No.4)
KINETICS PART-B-2marks(1Q) (Q.No.13)
9108178476 / 8123732269 /8310119175 PART-D-5marks(1Q) (Q.No.30)
Passing & Scoring package for annual theory exam March 2023
For 2023 PUCII exams PCMB Passing & Scoring classes starts: 20/1/2023 (Batch2)
1)Derivation of Half life period for: i) zero order reaction, ii) First order reaction
2)Derivation of Integrated rate equation (Integrated rate constant) for: i) zero order reaction,
ii) First order reaction,

6
47
3)Problems on: i) Activation energy (energy of activation), ii) Half life period
4) Some definitions: i) Order of reaction, ii)Collision frequency

78
iii) Activation energy, iv) Half life period

81
For annual theory exam March 2023 PART –A
One mark questions:(UsuallyQ.No.4)(Some definitions)

10
1. Define Order of reaction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MQP

:9
ANS:“Order of a chemical reaction is defined as the sum of powers of concentration terms in the experimentally

ile
determined rate equation for the reaction”
2. Define Collision frequency------------------------------------------------------------------------------------March 2017

ob
ANS: “The number of collision per second per unit volume of the reaction mixture is known as collision frequency”.

,M
3. Define half life period--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MQP
ANS: “Half life period of a reaction is the time in which the molar concentration of the reactants is reduced

T)
exactly to half of their initial value”. EE
4. Define activation energy-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MQP
ANS: “The minimum extra energy above the normal energy, the reactants must gain to reach threshold (transition
/N

state)and form the product is called activation energy”.

5. A chemical reaction has the rate expression Rate =k[A]2[B]. What is its overall order?.------------- June 2018
ET

ANS: Rate = k [A]2[B]1

C

∴ 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 2 + 1 = 3
B+

6. The rate equation for the reaction A+B→P is rate = k [A]1/2[B]2.What is the order of the reaction?---M 2016
ANS: Rate = k [A]1/2[B]2
M

1 1+4 5
∴ 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = +2= =
C

2 2 2
r(P

7. Give an example of zero- order reaction.---------------------------------------------------------------------- July 2014

𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
ANS: Formation of hydrogen chloride in diffused sun light i.e., 𝐻2 + 𝐶𝑙2 →
te

2𝐻𝐶𝑙
The experimental rate equation, v = k[H2]0[Cl2] 0 ∴ 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 0 + 0 = 0
n
ce

For annual theory exam March 2023 PART –B

Two marks questions:(UsuallyQ.No.13)( order of reaction, problems on half life of reactions)
ng

1. What is pseudo-first order reaction? Give an example.----------------------------------------------March 2019

ANS: →A reaction which appears to be higher order but made to follow first order kinetics by taking the other
hi
ac

reactants except one in large excess is called pseudo-first order reaction

→ Acid hydrolysis of ethyl acetate: 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶2 𝐻5 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 + 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻
co

v ∝ [𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶2 𝐻5 ]1 [𝐻2 𝑂]0

∴ 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 1 + 0 = 1
c
pu

2. Name any two factors affecting the rate of a reaction -------------------------------------------------------June 2019
ANS: i) Concentration of reactants ii) Temperature iii) Catalyst iv Physical state. (Write any two)
S

3. A first order reaction is found to have a rate constant, K = 5.5 X10 -14 S-1. Find the half –life of the reaction. --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------March 2018
ANS: Order of reaction = First order Half life period (t1/2) =? Rate constant, k = 5.5 x 10-14 s-1
0.693 0.693
Now , Half life, t1/2 = k = 5.5×10−14 = 0.126 × 1014 s
4. The rate constant of a first order reaction is 1.15 X10-13 S-1. Calculate its half life period (t1/2)-------June 2018
ANS: Order of reaction = First order Half life period (t1/2 ) =? Rate constant, k = 1.15 X10-13 s-1
0.693 0.693
Now , Half life, t1/2 = = 1.15×10−13 = 0.602 × 1013 s
k

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market, Gandhi Chowk (S S Road) Bijapur-586101, Mob: 9108178476 / 8123732269 /8310119175
 For 100 % fix questions PCMB Videos Join & Subscribe You tube channel: S PUC Coaching Center 2
5. The rate constant of a certain first order reaction is 200S-1. What is half life period?--------- March 2016 (RE)
ANS: Order of reaction = First order
0.693 0.693
Half life period (t1/2) =? Rate constant, k = 200 s-1 Now , Half life, t1/2 = k = 200 = 0.00346 s
6. Explain the effect of catalyst on activation energy of a reaction with graph.--------------------------March 2016
ANS: Effect of catalyst on activation energy of a reaction:

6
47
78
81
10
:9
ile
ob
,M
→Catalyst decreases the activation energy (lower the activation energy) by forming a different transition state

T)
as compared to without catalyst.
EE
7. According to collision theory, what are the two factors that lead to effective collisions? -----------March 2015
ANS:→Energy factor ( Activation energy)
/N

→Proper orientation of colloiding particles (Orientation factor)

ET

8. Define collision frequency. Give an example for Pseudo-first order reaction. ------------------------March 2014
ANS:→Collision frequency:“The number of collision per second per unit volume of the reaction mixture is known as
C

collision frequency”.
B+

→Example for pseudo first order reaction:

Acid hydrolysis of ethyl acetate: 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶2 𝐻5 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 + 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻
M

1 0
v ∝ [𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶2 𝐻5 ] [𝐻2 𝑂] ∴ 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 1 + 0 = 1
C

9. Write any two differences between molecularity and order of a reaction--------------------------- July 2014
r(P

ANS:
te

SI.No Order of reaction Molecularity of reaction

n

1) It is the sum of powers of the molar It is the number of reacting species taking part in an
ce

concentration of reactants in the rate equation elementary reaction

2) Order is an experimental quantity Molecularity of reaction is theoretical quantity
ng

3) It can be zero, fraction, whole numbers It can not be zero, fraction

hi

4) It is applicable to an elementary reaction as It is applicable only for elementary reactions.

ac

well as complex reaction

For annual theory exam March 2023 PART-D
co

Five marks questions :( Usually Q.No. 30) (100% fix any one Question for 5 marks Q.No:30)
1.a)Derive an expression for half life period of a zero order reaction --------------------------------- 3 marks MQP
c
pu

b) Draw a graph of potential energy V/S reaction co-ordinates showing the effect of catalyst on activation
energy (Ea) of a reaction. ----------------------------------------2marks March 2018, June 2018, March 2016(RE)
S

ANS: a) Half life period of a zero order reaction:

[𝑅] −[𝑅]
→For zero order reaction rate constant is given by 𝑘 = 0𝑡
[𝑅]0
→At time, 𝑡 = 𝑡1/2 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 [𝑅] = 2
[𝑅]0
[𝑅]0 −
2
∴ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡, 𝑘 = 𝑡1/2
2[𝑅]0 −[𝑅]0
𝑘= 2𝑡1/2

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[𝑅]
∴ 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒, 𝑡1/2 = 2𝑘0
b) Refer PART B Q. No 6
2.a)Derive an expression for half life period of a first order reaction OR Show that the half-life period of a first
order reaction is independent of initial concentration of reacting species.---------2Marks,March2014, July2014
b) The rate of a particular reaction doubles when the temperature changes from 300K to 310K. Calculate the
energy of activation of the reaction. [ Given : R= 8.314 JK-1 mol-1 ] ---------------3marks,March2014,July 2014
ANS: a) Half life period of a first order reaction:
2.303 [𝑅]
→ For first order reaction rate constant is given by 𝑘 = 𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( [𝑅]0)

6
[𝑅]0
→At time, 𝑡 = 𝑡1/2 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 [𝑅] =

47
2

78
2.303 [𝑅]
∴ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡, 𝑘 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( [𝑅]00 )
𝑡1/2

81
2
2.303 1
𝑘= 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( 1 )

10
𝑡1/2
2
2.303

:9
𝑘= 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (2)
𝑡1/2

ile
2.303 ×0.3010
𝑡1/2 = (∵ 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (2) = 0.3010)

ob
𝐾
0.693
∴ 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒, 𝑡1/2 = 𝐾

,M
As there is no initial molar concentration term [𝑅]0 in the half life period equation for first order reaction hence
half life period of first order reaction is independent of initial concentration.

T)
𝐾
b) Given data: Rate constant doubles, i.e., 𝑘2 = 2𝑘1 => 𝐾2 = 2 Temperatures, T1=300k & T2 =310k
EE
1
R=8.314Jk-1mol-1 , Energy of activation, Ea =?
/N

𝑘2 Ea 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( ) = ( )
ET

𝑘1 2.303𝑅 𝑇1 𝑇2
Ea 310 − 300
C

𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (2) = ( )
2.303 × 8.314 300 × 310
B+

Ea 10
0.3010 = ( )
M

19.147142 93000
=> Ea = 0.3010 × 19.147142 × 9300
C

∴ Ea = 53598.5946 J/mol
r(P

∴ Ea = 53.5985946 KJ/mol
te

3.a)Derive an expression for integrated rate equation (integrated rate constant) for a zero order reaction—--------
n

-----------------------------------------------------------------------3marks June 2018, March 2017, March 2016(RE)

ce

b) The rate constant of a reaction is doubled when the temperature increased from 400K to 410K. Calculate the
activation energy (Ea). [ R= 8.314 JK-1 mol-1]------------------------------------------------------2marks March 2018
ng

ANS: a) Integrated rate equation (integrated rate constant ) for a zero order reaction:
→Consider the reaction
hi

𝑅 → 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
𝑑[𝑅]
ac

For zero order reaction, Rate, 𝑣 = − 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘[𝑅]𝑜

co

𝑑[𝑅]
− 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘 × 1 (∵ (𝑎𝑛𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔)𝑜 = 1)
−𝑑[𝑅] = 𝑘𝑑𝑡
c
pu

𝑑[𝑅] = −𝑘𝑑𝑡
Integrating on both sides
S

∫ 𝑑[𝑅] = − ∫ 𝑘𝑑𝑡
[𝑅] = −𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶 ----------(1)
Where C is integration constant
→At time, t = 0 then [𝑅] = [𝑅]𝑜
∴ [𝑅]𝑜 = −𝑘 × 0 + 𝐶
=> 𝐶 = [𝑅]𝑜 -------------------(2)
Substituting equation (2) in equation(1)
[𝑅] = −𝑘𝑡 + [𝑅]𝑜

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𝑘𝑡 = [𝑅]𝑜 − [𝑅]
[𝑅] −[𝑅]
=> 𝑘 = 𝑜𝑡
𝐾2
b) Given data: Rate constant doubled, i.e., 𝑘2 = 2𝑘1 => =2 Temperatures, T1=400k & T2 =410k
𝐾1
R=8.314Jk-1mol-1 , Activation energy, Ea =?
𝑘2 Ea 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( ) = ( )
𝑘1 2.303𝑅 𝑇1 𝑇2
Ea 410 − 400
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (2) = ( )
2.303 × 8.314 400 × 410

6
Ea 10

47
0.3010 = ( )
19.147142 164000

78
=> Ea = 0.3010 × 19.147142 × 16400
∴ Ea = 94517.95J/mol

81
∴ Ea = 94.51795 KJ/mol

10
4.a)Derive an expression for integrated rate equation (integrated rate constant) for a first order reaction—--------
--------------------------------------------3marks March 2019, June 2019, March 2018, March 2016, March 2015

:9
b) The specific reaction rate of a reaction quadruples when temperature changes from 300C to 500C. Calculate

ile
the energy of activation of the reaction. [ Given : R= 8.314 JK-1 mol-1]------------------------ 2marks March 2019

ob
ANS: a) Integrated rate equation (integrated rate constant) for a first order reaction:
→Consider the reaction 𝑅 → 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡

,M
𝑑[𝑅]
For first order reaction, Rate, 𝑣 = − 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐾[𝑅]1

T)
𝑑[𝑅]
− = 𝑘[𝑅]
EE
𝑑𝑡
𝑑[𝑅]
− [𝑅] = 𝑘𝑑𝑡
/N

Integrating on both sides

ET

𝑑[𝑅]
− ∫ [𝑅] = ∫ 𝑘𝑑𝑡
C

−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 [𝑅] = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶 ---------------(1)

B+

Where C is integration constant

→At time, t = 0 then [𝑅] = [𝑅]𝑜
M

∴ −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 [𝑅]𝑜 = −𝑘 × 0 + 𝐶
C

=> 𝐶 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 [𝑅]𝑜 ------------------------(2)

r(P

Substituting equation (2) in equation (1)

−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 [𝑅] = 𝑘𝑡 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 [𝑅]𝑜
te

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 [𝑅]𝑜 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 [𝑅] = 𝑘𝑡

n
ce

𝑚
[𝑅] ( )
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 ( [𝑅]𝑜 ) = 𝑘𝑡 (∵ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑚 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑛 )
ng

1 [𝑅]
𝑘 = 𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 ( [𝑅]𝑜 )
hi

Changing the base of log 𝑒 → 10

ac

2.303 [𝑅]
=> 𝑘 = 𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( [𝑅]𝑜 )
co

𝐾2
b) Activation energy, Ea =? specific reaction rate of a reaction quadruples, i.e., 𝑘2 = 4𝑘1 => =4
c

𝐾1
pu

0 0 -1 -1
Temperatures, T1=30 C = 30+273=303 k & T2 =50 C=50+273=323k, R=8.314Jk mol
𝑘 Ea 𝑇 −𝑇
Now, 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝑘2) = 2.303𝑅 ( 𝑇2 𝑇 1)
S

1 1 2
Ea 323 − 303
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (4) = ( )
2.303 × 8.314 323 × 303
Ea 20
0.6020 = ( )
19.147142 97869
97869
=> Ea = 0.6020 × 19.147142 × ( 20 )
∴ Ea = 56404.74J/mol or ∴ Ea = 56.40474 KJ/mol
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