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Lambert - Beer Law Notes

The document summarizes Lambert-Beer's law, which states that the absorbance of light by a solution is directly proportional to both the concentration of the solution and the path length of light through the solution. Specifically, (1) absorbance increases exponentially with increased concentration or thickness, (2) absorbance is directly proportional to concentration and path length, and (3) the combined relationship is known as the Lambert-Beer law, where absorbance equals the extinction coefficient multiplied by the concentration and path length.

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321 views2 pages

Lambert - Beer Law Notes

The document summarizes Lambert-Beer's law, which states that the absorbance of light by a solution is directly proportional to both the concentration of the solution and the path length of light through the solution. Specifically, (1) absorbance increases exponentially with increased concentration or thickness, (2) absorbance is directly proportional to concentration and path length, and (3) the combined relationship is known as the Lambert-Beer law, where absorbance equals the extinction coefficient multiplied by the concentration and path length.

Uploaded by

aloksahil2312
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lambert-Beer Law Written by Dr.

Harish
Lambert's law: When monochromatic light passes through a solution then
intensity of light decreases exponentially as thickness of the solution increases.
➢ In other words, we can say that absorbance of light by a solution is directly
proportional to the thickness of the solution or length of the light path. Here,
thickness of the solution is equal to the width of the cuvette.
➢ This assumption can be expressed as

A α L...............(i)
Beer's Law: When monochromatic light passes through a solution then intensity
of light decreases exponentially as concentration of the solution increases.
➢ In other words, we can say that absorbance of light by a solution is directly
proportional to concentration of the solution.
➢ This assumption can be expressed as
A α C.............(ii)
Combining equation I & ii
A α CL
A = ε cL ….... (iii)
Equation (iii) is called Lambert- Beer law
Where,
A = absorbance
C = concentration of the solution
L = Path length or length of the light path
ε = Extinction coefficient or absorption coefficient for an absorbing compound
➢ Absorbance (A) is a dimensionless quantity and its value ranges from 0 to 1.
➢ Intensity of light: The number of photons interacting per unit of time is called
intensity of light.
➢ Transmittance: It represents the fraction of light which passes through the
solution from one side to another side.
➢ In other words, we can say that the fraction of light which is not absorbed by the
solution but passes from one side of the solution to another side of the solution is
called transmittance.
➢ Transmittance (T) can be expressed as
Written by Dr. Harish
➢ Where,
➢ It = Intensity of the transmitted light
➢ Io = Intensity of the incident light
➢ If transmittance is smaller then absorption of light would be grater.
➢ The numerical value of transmittance ranges from 0 to 1. If value of transmittance
becomes zero then it indicates solution has absorbed all the light. But, if value
becomes one then it indicates that solution has not absorbed light.
➢ Transmittance and absorbance are inversely related. Therefore, relation between
absorbance and transmittance can be expressed as

➢ Note: Absorbance represents that how many photons are absorbed by the
solution as light passes through it.

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