Lesson 1: Art Appreciation

Art Support The Progress Of:

• a fundamental human activity. • the utilization of creative ability
• everywhere around man • forces of innovative explanation toward
• interesting device to investigate and oneself
express human sentiments. • choice making and critical thinking
• represents all aspects of norms in all • abilities
cultures. • understanding of self and the world,
• Mirrors life fearlessness, a feeling of worth and
• does not try to encompass the whole life at admiration and thought for others.
once; rather it selects and focuses on a
part of the total picture.
• a human activity which can be shared by The greatest philosopher has once said;
all.
• "Tell me and I forget, Teach me and I may
• can tell the stories of the world
remember, involve me and I will learn”
• be able to identify with them however o this connection has something to do
varied or different experiences are from between doing and learning.
each
• As an artistic representation of life, it
• to describe almost any human activity conveys human's vision in creating a
which involved the achievement of a picture of man's native characteristics
predetermined result through the against the backdrop
systematic application of skill or
• Appreciating Art is designed for Filipino
knowledge. students who love to understand the
• not nature because art is made by human beauty of all things that surround them.
beings • Appreciating Art is students who love to
• should be a product of man's creativity, all understand the beauty of all things that
intelligence passion goes side by side in surround them.
creating a masterpiece
The desire to explore the natural world more and
• senses is the tools in understanding and it is significant changes and idealism, with
appreciating the arts intimately and to have emphasis visual, on the experience of everything;
informed judgments emotional designed for Filipino
• sensitivities and observational acuity are
Aesthetic
best cultivated
• sensitivities and observational acuity are • Greek word "aisthetikos" communication
best cultivated to the senses, the study of beauty and
• good artist should undergo in a training, to taste, whether in the form of the comic, the
produce an artwork, be knowledgeable in tragic
that certain form. • concerned with how we perceive things
• Trainings, workshops, seminars relating to ideas of beauty and judgments
• Beauty and goodness are inseparable and of taste.
non-dualistic • philosophical pursuits like epistemology or
• both aesthetic and good behavior but it is ethics, but it started to come into its own
system still marginalized in the educational and become a more
system
Immanuel Kant
• German philosopher • similar enough to Greek word "arte" which
• Saw aesthetics as a unitary and self- means in Latin "skill."
sufficient type of a human experience.
• Style and technique
• The book Psychology of Clothes has • Subject matter or hidden meaning
concluded that the "three basic motives for • Cultural significance
clothing ourselves are for protection, for • Artistic appeal
modesty, and for decoration”.
Art is experience
Erwin Panofsky
• all art demands experience; but probably it
is clearer to say that all art involves • an art historian
experience • proposed a three - stage approach or
• no appreciation of art without experience. trichotomy to analyze art
1. the pre-iconographic stage, in which
The artist and his art: normal qualities are studied: basic forms,
• humility composition, color, tone, line, etc.
2. the iconographic stage, in which symbols
• respect
are explored.
• Intelligence
3. the study of iconology
• should be humble, being humble doesn't
mean being modest.
• constantly re-evaluating your strengths and
being conscious Below is the suggested approach to perceive
• being confident in your product and your art
ability to execute, while questioning 1. Skill of artist and choice of colors (style, colors
assumptions you used, light and dark)
• be able to interact or respect their mentors
as well their fans to create a more 2. Shape, line of a figure (lines used, paint
meaningful medium affected the style)
• spend many, many hours developing
3. Naturalism of the Form (the scene composed,
content for workshops to share new and
the figures been defined)
exciting techniques and projects with other
• intelligence similar to people who are smart 4. Over-all impact of the Composition (the scene
in different ways active, any symbols
• being unique
• innovating and bringing something new to
one's creative Humanities is man's quest for answers.

• the stories, the ideas, and the words that

• During 13th century Indo-European, "skill help us make sense of men's lives and
as a result of learning practice" 10c Latin world.
(ars, partem) "a craft" • The humanities introduce everyone
• Sanskrit (rtih) "manner, mode" • to: "people they have never met,
• In Filipino, art is translated as "sining" • places never visited
which was derived from a Balinese word • ideas that may have never
''pensar" meaning
Lesson 2: Nature of Art whose fundamental element is no longer
the material 'work of art' but rather the
Art is Everywhere development of an 'experience.
• buildings, landscapes, cars, clothes and • An experience is something that personally
many more affects your life.
• As long as man lives, any Product or his Subject Of Art
intelligent
• This is true. From the simplest to the most • important in each for. It could be
complicated things that surround us, there representational or objective by means of
is some element of art that is present. Realism, Abstraction or Distortion.
• not the only attribute of art, but it is the
Expression fundamental one
• emotional or aesthetic responses of art • an art work expresses a view of man's
have previously been vowed as basic existence, while the style expresses a view
stimulus response of man's consciousness.
Subject as Realistic, anything seen and
represented on its original form
• real art work is not the material object but
an original emotion experienced by the Realism
artist which the work serves to • depicts the world, its events, and people as
communicate to its audience they really are
• audience successfully experience the work • a social commentary on the world in which
when they recover artist's original we live
experience in their own imagination
• focus is on the common man
• Sad music does not so much makes us
really sad, it enables us to experience the Abstraction
original sadness as experienced by the
• "abstract art" is "not realistic”
artist
• take a figure or landscape and simplify it,
• If the art work exists as the artist's original
exaggerate it, or stylize it in some way
emotion it will be successful, if it allows me
direct access to this emotion Art as distorted

Creation • a notion that the subject is in misshaped

condition
• man-made which means it is a creation
• so many levels and the human figure has
• Nature is not art, but an artist can duplicate
always provoked the greatest response,
or create the replica of the environment,
positive and negative.
making nature or everything as just merely
an imitation of life Identifying Other Subjects of Art

Experience • Landscapes
• Still Life
• Immanuel Kant's theory on the Deduction
• Animals
on Beauty, is an attempt to shift the
• Portrait
understandings of what is important and
• Figures
characteristic about the art process from its
physical manifestations in the 'expressive • Everyday Life
object' to process in its entirety, a process • History/Legend
 • Religion/Myth • for example, a dying flower might allude to
• Dreams/Fantasies the transience of life, or an oyster, to
fertility.
• distinction between naked and nude is • concerned with the representation of
that the former is the state of being "reality"
unclothed, whereas in the latter, the human
Landscape
body is displayed for the pleasure of the
typically male viewer • reflects our relationship with the land,
nature and place
• we see a constructed view which carries a
Portrait deeper narrative or significance
• All are created by humans, whether
• perhaps the genre that moşt closely
through the invention of an ideal pastoral
signifies social and Cultural values
scene or the framing of a vista.
• visual expression of a patron's self-
perception or aspirations within the society
in which he or she lives
• Everyday life, depicted in domestic settings
• medium used by the elites to preserve their
or out amongst the community, at markets
looks.
or festivals.
• rise of merchant classes, portraits became
• Debates on the mechanisms used to paint
a popular way of expressing wealth, status
"realistic" genre scenes revolve around
and piety
whether artists used the camera obscure to
capture precise details of perspective
Periods of Iconoclasm

• demonstrate its centrality too religion

• Christian art has a long history in which its
function has been periodically questioned
by church leaders

Historical Painting

• was the highest in the hierarchy of genres

• include contemporary events, often wars or
battles; critical moments in time
• events provided patrons with the means to
represent their achievements and status
for their own ends
Still Life

• the lowest-rated genre of the academy

• represent domestic interiors with casually
or formally arranged objects, often on a
table
Lesson 3: Principles of Arts • to avoid dullness, artists used the principle
of variety in their works.
The Principles of Art
• concerned with combining one or more
• If you want to use a language, knowing the elements to create interest by adding slight
vocabulary is not enough. changes
• You must also know how the words go • a work variety, the artist heightens the
together. visual appeal of the work.
• You must also know the rules of grammar
Harmony
for that language.
• The same is true of art. Instead of rules of • If two little variety can become boring, too
grammar, the language of art has art much variety can create chaos. Artists
principles. avoid chaos in their works by using the
• These principles, or guidelines, govern principle of harmony.
how artists organize the visual elements to • concerned with blending elements to
create a work of art. create a more calm, restful appearance.

Principles of Art Emphasis

• balance, variety, harmony, emphasis, • To attract a viewers’ attention to important

proportion, movement and rhythm part of a work, artist use the principles of
emphasis
Balance
• an element in a work stands out
• If ever have a carried a stack of dishes or • created by contrast or by extreme change
books, know the importance of balance in an element
• balance is important
Proportion
• a principle of art concerned with arranging
elements so no one part of a work • Have you ever tasted the food that was so
overpowers, or seems heavier than, any one salty of you couldn't eat it? The
other part problem is one of proportion.
• seen or felt by the viewer • concerned with the relationship of one part
• three kinds of balance are possible to another and to the whole
• formal balance, informal balance, and • not limited to size elements such as color
radial balance can be use in different proportion to create
• formal, symmetrical, balance the two emphasis
halves are mirror images Movement
• informal, or asymmetrical, balance two
unlike elements seem to carry equal weight • You may not realize it, but when you look
• a small shape painted bright red will at the work of art your eye moves from part
balance several larger items painted in to part.
duller reds • to lead the viewers eye’s throughout the
work
Variety
• create the look and feeling of action and to
• same routine day after day can become guide a viewer's eye throughout the work
dull of art
• same color or shape repeated over and Rhythm
over in an art work can become equally
dull
 • Often artist seek to make their works 1800's
seems active. When they do, they call
• 1775-1825 - Neo-Classicism (William
upon the principles of rhythm.
Blake)
• repeating an element to make work seem • 1828 - Romanticism (De Goya)
active or the suggest vibration. • 1850 - Realism (Eugene Delacroix)
• an artist will repeat not just element but
also the same exact object over and over. 1900's
When this is done a pattern is formed. • 1875-1900 - Impressionism (Van Gogh,
Unity Renoir)
• 1925 - Cubism "Fauvism, Expressionism,
• When you look at works of art, it may be Futurism" (Picasso)
difficult to determine when one parts end • 1950 - Abstract "Dadaism, Surrealism,
and other begins Symbolism"
• Instead, the piece of art works together as • 1975 - Minimalism
a whole; it has unity
• arrangement of element and principles with
media to create a feeling of completeness
or wholeness
• You will sense this unity as you look at
works of art in which artist use the
elements and principles with skill,
imagination, and sensitivity
Timeline of the Arts
• Prehistoric
• Paleolithic and Neolithic
• Ancient Greece/Rome
• Middle Ages
Timeline of the Arts

• 1050-1150 - Romanesque
• 1150-1400 - Gothic (Limbourg Brothers,
Pisanello, Bellini, Giotto)
• 1400-1475 - Early Renaissance (Massacio,
Boticelli)
• 1475-1525 - High Renaissance (Da Vinci,
Michelangelo, Raphael, Corregio)
• 1525-1575 - Mannerism (Pieter
Bruegel,Caravaggio)
• 1575-1725 - Baroque (El Greco,
Rembrandt)
• 1725-1750 - Rococo (Canaletto)
Lesson 4: Elements of Arts ▪dark green, medium green,
and light green make a
• Art is a powerful language. monochromatic scheme.
• Through it, artists communicate thoughts, o Analogous
ideas, and feelings. Like most languages, ▪ uses colors that are side by
the language of arts has its own side on the color wheel and
vocabulary. share a hue.
• Unlike other vocabularies, however, the o Warm or cool
vocabulary of art is not made of words. ▪ red, yellow and orange
• Rather it is made up of visual elements. colors-remind us of the sun
The visual elements include color, line, and warmth
shape, form, space, and texture. ▪ Artists use blue, green, and
violet- cool color schemes-to
Color
make us think of cool items
• Have you ever noticed it is harder to see such as ice or grass.
colors when the light is dim? Color relies
Line
on light. In fact, color is what the eyes see
when light is reflected off an object. • used to send different message to viewers
• three properties or traits is a line
o Hue • as the path of a moving point through
▪ name of a color, such as red, space.
blue, or yellow. • can draw lines on paper or scratch a line in
▪ arranged in a circular format wet clay with a too
on a color wheel • seen in your environment, such as the web
▪ Red, yellow and blue are of a spider or the railing on a stair
primary hues • quality is the unique character of the line
▪ equally spaced on the color • affected by the tool or medium used to
wheel. produce the mark or by the particular
o Value motion of the artist's hand
▪ lightness or darkness of a
• thickness or thinness
hue
• five main kinds of lines:
▪ value of a hue can be
o Horizontal lines
changed by adding white or
▪ run parallel to the ground,
black
appear to be at rest.
o Intensity
o Vertical lines-
▪ brightness or dullness of a
▪ run up and down-seem to
hue. Pure hues are high
show dignity, formality, and
intensity colors.
strength.
• combined to produce many interesting and o Diagonal, or slanting,
striking results. ▪ lines signal action and
• use of different types of color schemes to excitement.
create different effects. o Zigzag lines
• some of the color schemes ▪ made from combined
o Monochromatic diagonal lines, can create
▪ uses different values of a feeling of confusion or
single hue suggest action.
 o Curved lines Space
▪ express movement in a
• All objects take up space.
graceful, flowing way.
• to the distance between, around, above,
Lines below, and within things
• both two-and three-dimensional works of
• Thick-thin
art, the shapes or forms are called the
• Vertical
positive area
• Curvy
• The empty spaces between the shapes are
• Short
called negative spaces
• Long
• The relationship between the positive and
• Broken
negative space-will affect how the art-work
• Zigzag
• Horizontal Texture

Shape And Form • Run your fingers over the top of your desk
or work table
Every object- a cloud, a house, a pebble-has a
• You are feeling the surface's texture
shape.
• Texture is an element of art that refers to
Shape is an element of art that refers to an area the way things feel, or look as though they
clearly set off by one or more of the other might feel it touched
elements of art.
Shapes are limited to two dimensions- length and
width.
Shape

• Geometric shapes look as though they

were made with a ruler or drawing tool
• five basic geometric shapes
o square, circle, triangle, rectangle,
oval
• Organic
o free-form, organic shapes are not
regular or even.
o outlines may be curved or angular,
or may be combination of both, to
make free-form shapes.
o Organic shapes, clouds and pebbles
are usually found in nature.
Forms

• Like shapes, forms have length and width

• a third dimension, depth.
• to an object with three dimensions.
• found in works of art, sculpture and
architecture
Lesson 5: Timeline of the Arts • When Spain started to colonized the
Philippine archipelago, most Filipinos
• Prehistoric suffered the torture of worshipping the
• Paleolithic and Neolithic Spanish regime.
• Ancient Greece/Rome • Commoners “Indios”, a poor peasant
• Middle Age Filipinos.
1050-1150 • For them to be cultured according to Rizal,
they must defend their country by
• 1150 -1400 - Gothic (Limbourg, Brother, educating themselves and gaining
Pisaello, Bellini, Giotto) knowledge on how to provide a better life
• 1400-1475 - Early Renaissance (Massacio, for everyone thus they are called Filipinos.
Boticelli) • This cultural renaissance which happened
• 1475-1525 – High Renaissance (da Vinci, provided an awareness on liberating the
Michelangelo, Raphael, Corregio) land not though war, but through their
• 1525-1575 - Mannerism (Pieter Bruegel, brains in the form of artistic works such as
Caravaggio) literature and painting.
• 1575-1725 - Baroque (El Greco, • Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Rembrandt) were not just novels about lbarra or
• 1725-1750 - Rococo (Canaletto) Simoun but it symbolizes the social
environment of the Filipinos at that time.
1800's
• Most works are all religious, conservative
• 1775-1825 - Neo-Classicism (William and folksy.
Blake) • After 333 years of living in a convent,
• 1828 - Romanticism (De Goyo) Filipinos went partying in Hollywood for 33
• 1850 - Realism (Eugene Delacroix) years under the American occupation.
• 1900's • Although America covers the intellectual
• 1875-1900 - Impressionism (Van Gogh, way of thinking, Filipinos are still
Renoir) triumphant in creating their own salient
• 1925 - Cubism "Fauvism, Expressionism, features. Works became liberating and
Futurism (Picasso) modern.
• 1950 - Abstract "Dadaism, Surrealism, • The end of World War Il is an event
Symbolism" characterized by change in many parts of
• 1975 - Minimalism the globe. The region that had been
devastated and worst hit by the global war
Philippine Art and Cultural Movements was the Asian region.
• 1898-1910 - Culture in Defense of • In SEA (Southeast Asia), history depicted it
Sovereignty as the worst armed struggle against war
• 1920-1940 - Cultural Identity and and humanity and the most destructive of
Campaign for Independence humankind in terms of human and material
• 1950-1970 - Cultural Adaptation and resources.
Aesthetic Revaluation • At the end of the Japanese Occupation in
• 1970 - present - Towards a Culture Proudly the region, returning European and
Filipino Southeast Asian nation themselves
complained that Japanese fascism had
deeply influenced the region's societies.
 • All the countries of SEA both insular and • government funded the art education and
peninsular struggled hard for the art exhibits that features brilliant Filipino
independence as a result of which, during Works for the fellowmen and for the World,
the interim the real power of society this included the terno and barong as the
passed into the hands of SEA leaders national costume, the hosting of film
some of whom declared independence and festivals and pageants.
attempted with varying degrees of success • significant art wakening is happening in the
to establish government structures. country, another problem occurs.
• This was followed by decolonization and • In the Philippines, society was marked with
none expressed a desire to return to pre- the rising gap between the rich and the
colonial forms of government. marginalized poor.
• The decades of the 50's, 60's and 70's • neo-colonial masters who are of the same
ushered the rise of nationalism and blood and race created a generation of
independent states which even in religious uncertainty, dissatisfaction, disorientation,
and ethnic challenges to the states failed. diversified beliefs and practices, the
demand for a healthy and sustainable life.
• condition saw the rise of women
Philippines began in the mid 60's and can be empowerment, use of force to fight evil,
characterized as; diminished men folks brought about by the
recent war, low regard for the elderly,
• rise of the military as a force in government
problem of peace and order brought about
is observed in Malaysia, Indonesia,
by poverty, and disrespect for human
Philippines, Burma and Vietnam.
rights.
• military forces viewed themselves as the
• social disparity, to a more vivid expression
potential saviors of national unity and also
of how creative arts through writing of
as disciplined, effective champions of
novels, comics, other forms of literary
modernization with support from the
works, the revolution expressed through
populace;
drama and the arts and dances.
• During this period renewed attention was
• Artists reflected their feelings and
given by SEA to the question of unifying
interpretation of what kind of society they
values and ideology.
have which eventually gave rise to the birth
• Imelda Marcos being the first lady has
of contemporary arts.
once asked her husband "Im the wife if the
• In today's predicament Filipinos are all
President, what should I do?" then Marcos
aware on benefits of the art, through social
replied "I'm the President and I will build a
economic status matters.
house for my family, you're my wife so
• Most students has the wide readership of
make my house beautiful!"
popular materials like magazines and
• Lincoln Art Center in the U.S. Award giving
books.
bodies were also formed to provide laurels
• The modern art works may be simple or
and accolades to Filipinos who excel in
sometimes out of this world, but as long as
their artistic skills, such as the Palanca
it will have an audience and artists, the art
Memorial Awards, NCCA (National
in the Philippines will exist
Commission for Culture and the Arts)
National Artists Awards.
• government funded the art education and
art exhibits that features brilliant Filipino
works for the fellowmen and for the World.
Lesson 6: Ten Prehistoric Cave • The paintings include scenes of rituals and
Paintings hunting, trees and animals Capivara.
• Some scientists believe that the oldest
10. Magura Cave cave paintings in the park are created
• one of the largest Caves in Bulgaria 25,000 years ago.
located in the northwest part of the • This is disputed by several geneticists
country. however as this would conflict the currently
• decorated by prehistoric cave paintings accepted date of human settlement in the
dating back about 8000 to 4000 years ago. Americas.
• More than 700 drawings have been 6. Laas Gaal
discovered on the cave walls
• painted with bat guano (bat excrement) • a complex of caves and rock shelters in
represent hunting and dancing people as northwestern Somalia contain some of the
well as a large variety of animals. earliest known rock art in the Horn of
Africa and the African continent in
9. Cueva De Las Manos general.
• an isolated area in the Patagonian • Created estimated to be between 11,000
landscape of Southern Argentina. and 5,000 years old.
• Scenes. It takes its name (Cave of the • show cows in ceremonial robes
Hands) from the stencilled outlines of accompanied by humans, domesticated
human hands, but there are also many dogs and even a giraffe.
depictions of guanacos, rheas and other • cave paintings are excellently preserved
animals, as well as hunting and retain their clear outlines and strong
• Most of the hands are left hands, suggests colors.
that painters held a spraying pipe with their 5. Tadrart Acacus
right hand.
• thought to have been created between • a mountain range in the Sahara desert of
13,000 and 9,500 years ago. western Libya
• known for its rock paintings dating from
8. Bhimbetka 12,000 BC to 100 AD.
• Central India, contains over 600 rock • reflect the changing environment of the
shelters Sahara desert used to have a much wetter
• red and white with the occasional use of climate.
green and yellow the paintings usually • Nine thousand years ago the surroundings
depict the lives and times of the people were green with lakes and forests and with
who lived in the caves. large herds of wild animals as
• Animals, bisons, tigers, lions, and demonstrated by rock paintings at Tadrart
crocodiles Aracus of animals such as giraffes,
elephants and ostriches.
• oldest paintings are considered to be
12,000 years old. 4. Chauvet Cave
7. Serra Da Capivara • Southern France contains some of
earliest known prehistoric cave paintings in
• The Serra da Capivara National Park in
the world.
northeast Brazil is home to numerous rock
shelters that are decorated with cave
paintings.
 • Based on radiocarbon dating the oldest • It was not until 1902 when the paintings
paintings in the cave may be up to 32,000 were acknowledged as genuine.
years old. • The charcoal and ochre images of horses,
• discovered in 1994 by Jean-Marie bison and handprints in the Åltamira Cave
Chauvet and his team of speleologists. are among the best preserved cave
• contains images of animals (ibex, paintings in the world.
mammoth, horses, lions, bears, rhinos and
1. Lascaux Paintings
lions)
• Advanced techniques use of perspective is • “The prehistoric Sistine Chapel"
clearly demonstrated in the 'panel of • complex in Southwestern France
horses´ which shows several animals on decorated with Some of the most
the same plane. impressive and famous cave paintings in
the world
3. Kakadu Rock Paintings
• estimated to be 17,000 years old
• Northern Territory of Australia, Kakadu • Most of the cave paintings are situated
National Park contains quite a distance away from the entrance
• one of the greatest concentrations of and must have been created with the aid of
Aboriginal art sites in Australia. candles.
• Approximately 5000 art sites have been • most famous cave painting is The Great
discovered in Kakadu along the Hall of the Bulls where bulls, horses and
escarpment and on rock outliers. deer are depicted.
• estimated to range in age from 20,000 • One of the bulls is 5.2 meters (17 feet)
years to the recent present although most long, the largest animal discovered so far
of the paintings are less than 1500 years in any cave.
old.
• The site at Ubirr has some of the finest
examples of "X-ray art" in the world. Due to the damage resulting from too many
• The Aboriginals not only painted the people visiting the caves, the Lascaux paintings
outside but also the bones and internal have been permanently closed to the public. The
organs of the animals. French government has built Lascaux Il near the
site where tourists can see a copy of the original
cave.
2. Altamira Cave
• Discovered in the late 19th century, the
Altamira Cave in northern Spain was the
first cave in which prehistoric paintings
were discovered.
• The paintings were of such an astounding
quality that the scientific society doubted
their authenticity and even accused it's
discoverer Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola of
forgery.
• Many people simply did not believe
prehistoric man had the intellectual
capacity to produce any kind of artistic
expression.
Lesson 7: Ancient Greek Art
Lesson 8: European Art
Lesson 9: History of Art The Beginning of Greek Culture

Prehistoric Art • Begun around 1500 BC

• Aegean Sea (North Settled in the region
• Civilizations of early times border)
• Culture, ideas, beliefs and living customs • Greece never became a nation
Art of the Old Stone Age • Tribes remained small separately ruled
powers (City-states)
• Paleolithic (Old Stone Age lasted from • Because of geography
30000 until about 10000 BC) • High Rocky Mountains
• Danger, hunger, fear • Self-pride and jealousy
• New struggle just to survive • Loyalty to their own and distrust to others
• In the winter, searched for shelter against • Athens, most powerful of the city-states
the snow and cold o Important in the history of the art
• In the summer, battled the heat and the 3.1 Painting and Crafts
sudden rains that floated their caves • Sculptors, ancient Greece were its
• Lucky boy who survive by age 40 painters
• Painters sought to make their picture as
realistic as possible
1.1 Painting • Sculpture of Phidias works exist for us
only in the words of ancient writers
• discovered on the Wall of a Cave in
France Art of Ancient Rome
• Others found in Spain, and Western
Europe • Greek city-states were not only unable to
band together to form a nation, unable to
• Cave art found on every continent,
keep the peace weakened the country
from the Sahara desert to the Arctic
• Helpless against attack from outside
• Some think paintings played a part in
hunting rituals • 197 BC
• Greece feel to the Romans
Art of the New Stone Age • Greek empire was defeated, influence
• Peoples stopped wandering and formed continued
villages • Romans were influenced by Greek ideas
• Learned to raise livestock and started about art, used in own works
growing their own food Ancient Roman Culture
Neolithic Tools • Rome was the greatest power in the
2.1 Crafts civilized world
• City had over million of population
• Spin fibers, weave and making pottery • City of contrasts
• Vase made about 6000 BC • Magnificent public buildings, baths and
• Potter’s use of formal balance in piece parks, narrow streets crammed with
• Notice how the geometric design and shabby dwellings
balance combine to give the work a • Practical-minded
sense of unity • More interested in engineering, law and
Art of Ancient Greece government than in art
• Make some very important contributions to
• Greece, birthplace of civilization the world of art
• Influences of Ancient Greek Culture and art
Art of Romanesque Period
can still be felt and seen today
 • History teacher many meaningful lessons • Castles became unpopular as cities grew
• Most powerful empires, in time, weaken and thrived
and crumble
6.1 Crafts
• Rome was no exception
• Roman Empire fell to invading armies • Arch and flying buttress did aways with
around AD 400 the need for solid walls
• Temples and Palaces were torn down and • Opened up the possibility of having
stone was used to build fortresses to keep many windows in churches and
out the invaders cathedrals
• Practice of Christianity widely spread • Europe began gracing the walls of
• Catholic Church stood as the single most cathedrals
important influence in Western Europe • Stained Glass is made of colored glass
• The Middle Ages pieces held in place with lead strips
• Art, architecture at the end of Middle Ages • Windows filled the cathedrals with softly
is divided into two periods tinted light
• The Romanesque (150-1150) 6.2 Painting
• Gothic (1150-1500)
• Gothic style of building cathedrals
Life in Romanesque Times never fully caught on in Italy
• Warfare • Churches continued to be built in the
• Land main source of power and wealth Romanesque manner with large,
• Kings and rich landowners were forever unbroken walls
fighting among them to protect or add to • Religious decoration was added within
their holdings a form of painting fresco
• Fresco is a painting created when
5.1 Painting pigment is applied to a section of wall
• Teachings to the Church were spread spread with fresh plaster
through hand-lettered books • Fresco is the Italian word for ‘Fresh’
(illuminations – hand-painted book Italian Fresco
illustrations) (most important paintings
created in Europe • Highest point of a Gothic cathedral
• Gargoyles – projecting ornament on a
Art of the Gothic Period
building carved in the shape of a
• Important part of creating art has been fantastic animal or grotesque create
solving problem o Made of carved stone and metal
• Figuring out how to build walls that o Look like spirits fleeing or being
could both contain windows and driven from the holy building
support a heavy roof o Carried rainwater from the roof of
• Romanesque builders never solved this the cathedral
problem, but architect of the gothic Art of the Italian Renaissance
period did
• a period of great awakening, rebirth
Life in Gothic Times • During the Middle Ages, the teachings of
• End of the Romanesque period, Europe the Catholic Church
began to change • Beginnings of 1400s – the artists gradually
• Growth of trade, money replaced as the began to change their style
measure of wealth • Realistic possible
• Emphasis was not always on religious
subject
 The Renaissance in Italy • Group of Christians led by a man named
Martin Luther – revolt to form from their
• Noticeable in Italy
own religion
• Number of cities grew in trading and
• Protestant Reformation – movement when
business centers
drew many people away from the Catholic
• Florence, capital of Europe’s cloth trade Church
and home to its richest bank
• This movement began in Italy (Counter-
o A center for art during the
reformation)
Renaissance
• Art was an important
7.1 Painting • Baroque – an art style emphasizing
movement, contrast and variety
• Among the people living in Florence
during the early 1400 was a young
• Italy leader of Baroque style was a
artist named Masaccio
young painter named Michelangelo
o Continued where Giotto had
Merisi da Caravaggio
left off a century earlier
o Made figures in his works
▪ Use of light in daring new
seem solid and real
way
o Sought true-to-life, 3D quality
▪ Makes you feel that you are a
using a technique (Linear
part of the drama
perspective)
▪ Influenced the work of many
▪ Use of slanted lines to
Italian painters of the day
make objects appear
▪ Artemisa Gentileschi
to extend back into
• Used light and shadow
space
to add excitement to
▪ Discovered by an
her paintings
architect and friend of
Masaccio named • In Spain, not all Baroque paintings
Filippo Brunelleschi showed such tense, dramatic
▪ Died at 27, poisoned movement
by a jealous rival o Sort is found in the works of
▪ Leonardo da Vinci Spanish painter Diego
(skilled in science, Velasquez
literature and music) Mannerism
• Italian ‘maniera’ “manner” or “style”,
Leonardo da Vinci exaggerated foreshortening,
unusual compositions and
• Famous portrait, Mona Lisa
elongated figures
• Uses light and dark values in the
mannered develop by Giotto and Art of the 1700s
Masaccio
• 1500s brought in the Baroque style
• Blending is precise
• 1600s brought its end
• Recognized as a great artist
• Most important of these was
• Young painter named Raphael
crowning of one of the history’s
(Madonna)
most colorful, pleasure-loving rulers
o Work showing the Virgin
▪ This king chose the sun as
Mary with the Christ Child
his emblem, became the Sun
Arts of the 1600s King
• When Rome collapsed, the Catholic Europe in the Late 1600s
Church became more influential
 • Europe in the Late 1600s • first used in derogatory way, signifying
• Louis XIV - very rich, ruled France frivolity.
for over 70yrs
Neoclassic and Romantic Art
• To help chart the course Western
Art would follow over the next 100 Neoclassic Art
years
• artists of the day believed these events
King Louis XIV were equal and importance to the rise and
fall of ancient Greece and Rome
9.1 Painting
• chose to show the events using an
• King and his friends at Versailles (happy updated version of the styles of ancient
and carefree) Greece and Rome
• gave rise to a new style of art in the early • work became known as Neoclassic a "new
1700s. classic", an art style that borrowed from the
o has come to be called Rococo early classical period of ancient Greece
o art style stressing free and Rome
o graceful movement playful use of • Jacques Louis David (one of the most
line successful of the Neoclassic artists)
o bright colors • Even though he later took part in the revolt
• Antoine Watteau, first artist to create against the French King David was Louis
works in the Rococo style XVI's painter,
• pictures show a make-believe world o the King who asked David to paint
peopled by untroubled members of what would become one of his most
France's ruling class famous pictures
• Figures in Watteau's other works, the o use of light adds drama to the
people in this one appears to have not a picture
care in the world.
Romantic Art
Rococo Art In Spain
• As the 1800s wore on, people became
• In painting was not limited to France. In weary of the political unrest and fighting
Spain, style was picked by a free-thinking • looked for things that would take their
artist named Francisco Goya minds off the upsetting events around them
• In early 40s, he painted softly lighted • Some artists shared this same desire.
portraits of people from Spanish high These artists were responsible for
society developing new style of art, a Romanticism
• glimpse of the horrors and suffering wars o a style of art found its subjects in the
• In 1808, French troops attacked Spain world of the dramatic and exotic
• Goya witnessed a bloody scenes which o a style of art and literature that drew
prompted a series of etchings on the imagination rather than
• an intaglio print made by scratching an rationalism
image onto a specially treated copper plate • To French Romanticists, nothing stirred the
o View of war is stripped of brave imagination better than far-off places and
warriors and glorious victories colorful, action-filled adventures
• Rococo came after the French "rocaille", • two are combined in the paintings of
"shell" or "rock work” Eugene Delacroix (a leader of the romantic
• Most prominent in the decorative arts, shool)
characterized by S and C shapes
 o refuse to allow his taste for action to • Impressionism, a style attempted to
interfere with his sense of design capture the rapidly changing effects of light
o planned his painting so the viewer on objects
would miss none of its exciting • Members of the Impressionist movement
details. left their studios to paint outdoors
• unlike other Romanticists, Turner expected • looked at life around them and found
his viewers to use their imaginations as subjects everywhere they looked
well
13.1 Claude Monet
o glowing colors and blurred images
allowed viewers to interpret his • painting gave Impressionism,
pictures in their own eyes • name was the work of one of the
11. European Art movement's founders
• each stroke of paint is a little different from
• Each age has its customs and fashions the next hue, value and intensity
• One custom and common in Paris and • knows the yellow and blues, using will play
London during the 1800s was a yearly art against each other in viewer eye
show • give the painting a sparkle and brilliance to
o the Salon (suh-lahn), an annual match that of the Sun
exhibition of art, was a major social
event 13.2 Auguste Renoir
o artist's reputation often depended • One of the most productive of
upon whether or not his or her work Impressionists was a man named Pierre
was selected for showing at the Auguste Renoir
Salon • painted right up to the day he died
• Realism, style adopted by a group of • An area of painting Renoir explored using
artists in France who chose to represent the Impressionist styles were portraits
contemporary subjects in realistic ways.
• especially attracted to the eyes of his
• Trompe L'oeil is a French word "something notice, are painted in sharp focus
that fools the eye"
• the rest of the figure is blurred
o used extensively in wall paintings
• knew that when we look at a person or
from the 15th century to create
object, not all parts appear in focus at once
imitation architectural trend formed
• Only the part where our eyes rest at a
when a group of artist band together
given moment is seen sharply everything
to create works a single style
else appear fuzzy and slightly out of focus.
Impressionist Painting
13.3 The Art of the Post-Impressionists
• In 1874, a group of discouraged young
• case with several artists working toward
artists decided to hold an exhibition of their
the close of 1800s
own
• artists worked as impressionist but came to
• found an empty studio in Paris
feel that there were problems with this style
• hung continued to be used to identify
• more they studied their art, more
paintings done in this new style
dissatisfied they became.
• French word En Plein Air, a method of
• Art, they believed, the name given to an art
painting a scene directly onto the canvas in
movement that appeared after the
the open air and strongly associated with
• Impressionist movement.
the impressionist
• word post means "after"
13.4 Post-Impressionist Art • Thomas Eakins
o painted only what he saw, held to be
• agreed that there were problems with
one of American's realists.
Impressionism, their solutions to these
problems differed Realism
• Some argued that art should be more
• a movement that had its start in France in
carefully designed "that composition should
the mid-1800s
not be forgotten. Others claimed feelings
• style of art in which everyday scenes and
and emotion should emphasized" that
events are painted as they actually look
content deserved its rightful place
• For example, stubbornly refused to show
• Still others championed design and mood,
his subjects in a flattering light
both composition and content, as important
• As a result, he was scorned throughout his
features
life time.
13.5 Composition • Like Eakins, Winslow Homer painted
exactly what he saw painted pictures that
• One of the Post-Impressionists was also,
often told stories
interestingly, an original member of the
o activity including hunting, fishing, or
• growth in the United States.
sailing
• Artists name Paul Cézanne
• Late in the 1800s, homer set up a studio
o objected to the loss of composition
on the rocky stretch of the marine coast.
arising from the Impressionist
• There he painted scenes of the sea.
blurring shapes
o solution was use to patches of color • At first his pictures were action filled
o joined together like pieces of a struggles between nature and seafaring
puzzle to create solid-looking forms people
• As time went on the people in his works
American Painting in the Late 1800s shrank in importance
• a period of great change and growth in the o paintings began to focus instead on
United States the power of the sea in its many
moods.
• country grew in size as pioneer and the
railroad pushed westward Art of the Early Twentieth Century in Europe
• grew in wealth as trade and industry
• Every age, learns from these words is clear
boomed
from developments in art the early 1900s
• By the end of the century, America had
• Several new styles came along, each
taken its place as a world power
borrowing in a different way from Post-
o emerged as a force to be reckoned
Impressionism
with in the world of art
o these styles, stunned the art world,
American Realist Art continue to affect art through the
present day
• During the 1800s many American artists
journeyed to the centers of Europe to study Fauvism
• greatly influenced by the art styles they
• In 1905 a showing by a group of French
encountered
artists started the art community buzzing
• mainly unaffected by European art
raw, sizzling colors (most striking features
movements
of show)
• came home to develop styles that were
unmistakably American
 • no effort had been made to paint realistic o people in Kirchner's world are
pictures crammed together in a small pace.
• artist's goal, to express their feelings • Yet they manage not to notice one another
through sharply contrasting colors and
Printmaking
heavy outlines
• angry critic wrote that the paintings looked • power of expressionism can be seen in the
as though they had been done by fauves prints and drawings of Kathe Kollwitz
(fohvs) o created works mainly in black and
• French for "wild beasts," gave the white
movement its name: Fauvism
Cubism
o an art movement in which artists
used wild, intense color • Paul Cezanne, you will remember, was
combinations in their paintings interested in showing objects as solid-
o leader of the Fauves was a law looking forms
student who chose to become an • guiding idea behind cubism was Cezanne's
artist (Henri Matisse) notion that all forms in nature are made up
o chose colors that communicated a of three shapes
joyous or happy mood o sphere, cone, cylinder
o combined them to create rich, o idea led to the development of
decorative patterns Cubism,
o understand the importance of color • a style in which objects are shown from
in Matisse's works several different angles at once
o try to imagine The Red Studio in
European Art Today
black and white
Expressionism • Impressionists went outdoors to find ideas
• Expressionists looked to their own hearts
• Matisse and the Fauves wanted to show • second decade of the twentieth century
feelings in their art found artists exploring still another source
• In Germany, the same goal was shared by for art ideas, was the inner workings of
another group of artists, who developed mind
Expressionism
Fantasy Art
• Artist worked in a style that emphasized
the expression of innermost feelings • Imagine yourself a visitor at showing of
o ignored the contemporary rules of new art, your eye falls upon a work that is
art at once familiar and shocking
o had the strength to experiment with, o familiar because it is a photograph
to exaggerate, and to change, the of the Mona Lisa
proportions of figures and objects o shocking because someone has
drawn a mustache on Leonardo da
Painting
Vinci's world-famous portrait
• Ernst Ludwig Kirchner - early leader of o very experience that outraged
the Expressionist movement members of Europe's art community
o inner view of the street scene in in 1916
Berlin shows brilliant, clashing • Marcel Duchamp - artist behind the work
colors and sharp, twisted shapes was a one-time Cubist
 o belonged to Dada, founded on the • Abstract Expressionism - art style, paint
belief that Western culture had lost was dribbled, spilled, or splashed onto
its meaning huge canvases to express painting as an
• For Dadaists, the beauty of art was in the action
mind, not the eye, of the beholder • Abstract Expressionist - artists rejected
• Art, in other words, did not have to be the use of subject matter in their work
beautiful or express important ideas o dripped, spilled, and splashed rich
• point was driven home, as in Dumchamp's colors on canvas to create their
photograph by poking fun at art of past paintings
• act of painting was so tied to their work that
Surrealism
the Abstract Expressionists became
• Dada lasted only six years, paved the way labeled "action painters"
for other art explorations of the mind • Arshile Gorky - one of the first members
• movement proved the unconscious world of the Abstract Expressionists movement
of dreams for ideas was an Armenian-born artist
• Giorgio de Chirico - touched off by the o early works show strong traces of
works of a Greek-born Italian artist Surrealism
• Like the artists who followed him, created o By the mid-1940s, he was showing
mysterious, nightmarish landscapes where real objects as doodle like lines and
time had no meaning shapes in his paintings
• Notice the two small figures seen as o To appreciate such works demands
silhouettes at the center of the work that viewers open themselves to the
o importance seems to shrink before artist's one-of-a-kind blending of
the huge tower looming behind colors, shapes, and lines.
them.
• In the stillness a sudden breeze begins
whipping at some flags atop the tower
• Like a dream, the painting raises many
unanswerable questions
• By the end of the 1920s the Surrealist
movement had spread to many countries.
Joan Miro - artist who seemed comfortable
with the movement was the Spanish
painter
o express important ideas
o created fantasy world that were free
not only in rhyme and reason but
also of realism
o brings the viewer face-2-face with a
scene depicting strange and
imaginary creatures
Expressionism

• first new form of expression was a bold

style that was influenced by several past
styles
Lesson 10: Performing Arts • May travel from one place to
another
Dance • Alter the direction, level, size and
• Movement of the body in a rhythmic way pathways of their movements
• Music and within a given space for the • Focus on movement and attention
purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, inwardly or outwardly to the space
releasing energy, taking delight in the • Besides, in front of, over, through,
movement around, near or far
• Dance as a powerful impulse 4. Movement
• Dance as a skillfully choreographed art (Choreography/Interpretation)
practiced largely by a professional few • Narrates choreography, action and
stage presence
Judith Mackrell • Relies on energy, to the force of an
• “Conquering the stage is a powerful action and can mean both physical
impulse but the art of performance is that and psychic energy that drives and
impulse channeled by skillful performers characterizes movement
into something that becomes intensely • Movement flow and use of force,
expressive and that may delight spectators tension and weight
who feel no wish to sing or dance • Arabesque position with a sharp,
themselves” percussive attack
5. Energy
Key Elements of Performing Arts • Enthusiasm that cannot be learned
1. Body from any book or any mode of
• Mobile figure of shape rehearsal
• As the performer moves in places or • Inner guts and enjoyment
travels through the performing area • Performers are all selfless, beauty of
• Emphasize specific parts of their savoring life in its most creative way
body • Reveal emotional sates
• Inner and outer realm of expression • Affectionate or uncertain
and communication 6. Spectacle
• Body systems – muscles, bones, • Overall look of the production
organs, breath, balance, reflexes • Make-up, costume, wardrobes,
▪ Skeletal system is an props, lighting effects, stage visual
example of breath effects
2. Action (Characterization) 7. Time
• Any human movement • When
• Steps, facial movements, lifts, • Breath and Waves
carries and catches • Clock time, sensed time, event-
• Walking, jumping sequence
• Locomotor movement – travels 8. Music (Choice of Song)
through space • Rhythm, harmony, balance
3. Space (Performing Venue/Stage) • Vocal or instrumental medium
• Combinations of ways that • Voice box of every humans
movement can occur in space • Can unite a country, end a war
• Interact with space in myriad ways • Collective identity of a nation, or
• May stay in one place and move people
parts of their body/whole body • Cultural, social and national
Lesson 11: Theater Arts 2. Action/Plot
• Sort of unity and clarity by setting up a
• Encompasses a broad range of human patter by which each action initiating
activity • Characters are involved in conflict that
• Everything that audience can feel which has a pattern movement
makes up the core of human experience • Begins from the initial entanglement,
• “Infects” those who encounter his or her through rising action, climax and falling
work action to resolution
• Medium for creation and transportations, 3. Characters
• magnifies and intensifies sensation • Presented in the play
• sustained illusion of truth • Own distinct personality, age,
appearance, beliefs, socio economic
Conventions of the Game in Theatre Arts background and language
• physical nature (fourth wall) 4. Language
• time • word choices made by the playwright
• point of view and the enunciation of the actors
• moves the plot and action along,
The Dramatic Form provides exposition, defines the distinct
• a drama is an art form of both literature characters
and performing arts 5. Music
• spine of drama - the very essence of • Encompass the rhythm of dialogue and
literature which highlights the flow of the speeches in a play
plot and portrayed by the characters • Aspects of the melody and music
• not just meant to be read but to be compositions as with musical theatre
performed in front of the audience 6. Spectacle
• always effective as tool for educational • Involve all of the aspects of scenery,
dissemination and entertainment costumes and special effects in a
production
• needs conflict or a typical problem that
• Created the world and atmosphere of
challenges the characters especially the
the play for the audience’s eye
protagonist to solve it
• exposition > rising action > climax > Kinds of Drama
falling action > resolution 1. Tragedy
• Problems Categorized • Downfall of the character
o Man VS. Man (Physical Problem)
• Protagonist was not able to solve the
o Man VS. Society
problem
o Man VS. Himself (Psychological
• Crying and death main parts of the plot
Problem)
2. Comedy
Outline of Aristotle’s Theory of Tragedy in • Greek work Komazein means wanderer
POETICS • Celebration of life, humor, audience
laughter
1. Thought/Theme/Ideas
3. Melodrama
• Opposed to what happens
• Typical story
• Sometimes theme is clearly stated in
• Protagonist is challenged to solve the
the title
problem
• Dialogue by a character acting as the
4. Absurd
playwright’s voice
 • Doesn’t follow any pattern and it is • Overall look of the production with the
none-sequitir visual and sound effects onstage
• Dream-like presentation of a plot Kinds of Theater Venues
5. Farce
• Light dramatic work, highly improbable 1. Proscenium Theatre
plot situations • Arch, located near or at the very front of
• Exaggerated characters the stage
• Often slapstick elements are used for • From Latin, front of the scenery
humorous effect • Proscenium (picture frame)
6. Satire • Backstage is any space around the
• Humor, irony, exaggeration, ridicule acting area
• To expose and criticize people’s 2. Thrust Theatre
stupidity or vices • Surrounded audience on three sides
7. Musical • Fourth side serves as the background
• Meant to be sung • Raked seating
• Miss Saigon, Wicked
• Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre was a
Elements of Theater five-sided thrust stage
3. Arena Theatre
1. Directing
• Central stage surrounded by audience
• Holds the styling and interpretation of
on all sides
drama
• Raised to improve sightlines
• Director may be traditional or classical
4. Flexible Theatre
in approach, stylized or purely self-
• Black Box
expressionism
• Empty boxes painted black inside
2. Acting
• Stage and seating not fixed
• Breathens the life to the characters on
stage Theatrical Styles
• Performers must be credible and 1. Realistic
convincing in their roles
• Dramatic play follows the realism of life
• Actors and actresses must study
• Everything they do and nothing is out of
human behaviour
the ordinary
3. Production Design
2. Camp
• Hold the visual highlights of the
• Susan Sontag notes on camp, a
dramatic presentation sensibility (distinct from an idea)
• Set design, scenery, lighting aspect • Love of the unnatural. Of artifice and
costumes and wardrobes, make-up and exaggeration
hairstyles and props • Esoteric
4. Plot 3. Symbolism
• Story to be interpreted onstage • not be popular but influential, very
• Dramaturgical approach may be faithful poetic and more on to Celebration of
to the original theme or concepts as the “Beautiful and sublime”
penned by the playwright • intellectual and often difficult to
5. Music
understand
• Highlights each scenes, the light 4. Expressionism
changes
• In post-WWI, Germany, generally
6. Spectacle focused upon subjective reality
 • Distortion, grotesqueness, oppressed • Divide scenes into units
5. Theatre of Cruelty o Objective
• Artaud, ritual-like experience, the o Intermediate objective
spectator contacts his own psyche, o Overall objective
shocking, brutally aggressive
Rehearsal Process
6. Absurdism
• Starts after WWII grouping of writers 1. Reading
• Futility of all human activity and its 2. Blocking
meaninglessness 3. Polishing
• Fragility of human intercourse and 4. Technical
challenges human explanations for 5. Dress
phenomena 6. Show
The Method of Acting (Stanislavski) Philippine Theater
1. Relaxation Spaniards
• Attain state of physical and vocal
relaxation • Catholicism
2. Concentration and Observation • Reducciones and Pueblos
• Develop powers of concentration on • Town Fiestas, Pasyon, Senakulo,
stage Pangangaluluwa, Pastores and
• Encourage them to observe and Panunuluyan, Santa Cruzan
concentrate in real life • Arakyo and Tibag (King Constacio in
• Learn to see, not superficially but with Rome)
penetration and depth storing images • Moro-moro (battle between the moors and
for eventual use on stage Christians)
3. Importance of Specifics
• Try to convey the idea of a feeling such Americans
as fear or love in some vague, • Bodabil and Vaudeville
amorphous way • Sarsuwela – a musical play uses kundiman
4. Inner Truth (Dalagang Bukid and Ang Kiri)
• Achieve a sense of inner truth, one • Severino Reyes – Walang Sugat (Sarswela
being the “magic if” 1902)
• Word transform our thoughts • Aurelio Tolentino – Ngayon at Bukas
• Inner truth, what we sense when a • Juan Abad - Tanikalang Ginto
performer’s conveying of an emotion or
feeling is an accurate reflection of a Post-War
character’s feelings • Ibong Adarna, Florante at Laura
5. Emotional Recall
• Production from stage management,
• Achieving sense of emotional truth on production design, acting and directing
stage
• Remembering of a past experience in
the performer’s life 1. Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero – National Artists for
6. Objectives Theater
• Determined these actions by (What? 2. Rolando Tinio – National Artist for
Why? How?) Literature and Theater
7. Through line of a role 3. Salvador Bernal – National Artist for Stage
• Develop through line Design
Lesson 12: Film 3. Production Design
• Creates everything which is seen
Film and used in each scene
• A photographic material on which visual • Holds the props, location, lights and
images and sound are printed spaces, costumes and make p,
visual effects
• Cultural artifacts created by specific
4. Acting
cultures which reflect those cultures and in
• Soul of the film
turn, affect them
• Deeply embedded on the life of
• result of the illusion of movements which is
each actors playing their role
brought about by continuity of vision
• Don’t have any speaking lines (extra
Audio-visual or a bit-player)
5. Cinematography
• created inside the theatre through a • Proper style and framing of each
projector scenes depend on the ability of the
• visual elements of cinema give motion cinematographer
pictures a universal power of • Lights, camera movement, shooting
communication angle, distance of blocking and
measurement are all important in
Cinema
making an artistic scene
• French word “cinematographe” movie and 6. Editing
motion, motion picture • During the post-production with the
editor
Movie • Beauty of the film some scenes are
• Used by general audience believing that deleted while the remaining angles
were continuously patterned and
there is a trick of both to mental and visual
connected
cognition to retain optic scenes longer than
7. Music
its presentation
• Highlighting the emotional, risky and
• Flashing of twenty four frames per second
flat scenes
• Expected to provide and support the
background by giving a rhythmic
Elements of Film •
1. Screenplay 8. Sound
• Spine of the film • Intense meaning per scene,
• Visual copy for the shooting of the film dialogue, dubbing and even in
• Scriptwriter – responsible for this silence
element
2. Direction Types of Film
• Holds the over-all artistic and creative
control in the film 1. Narrative Film
• Secondary to the producers that • Commercial or mainstream film
manage the budget, expenses, • Fictional characters
publicity, promotions and legal matters 2. Documentary Film
• Directors is visual/fine arts multi-media • Ultra-realistic film that doesn’t use script
arts for speaking lines of character
• Film Director masters the styling of the • Actual dialogues may came from an
cinematography and acting interview
 3. Experimental Film • Producers
• Indie or digital film • The Taste of the Audience
• New style and approach in telling a
story
Film Genres
1. Drama
• Crying and emotional scenes
2. Comedy
• Humor
• Laugh and a celebration of life and
being alive
3. Action/Adventure
• Physical struggle and active scene or
risky situation
4. Mystery Crime
• Thrilling scenes in a suspense and
inquisitive attack
5. Biography
• Real stories of real people
6. Sci-Fi/Science Fiction
• Modernized technology and gadgets
7. Fantasy
• Bound or reality such as magic and
mythological creatures
8. Horror
• Dark or gothic in presentation
• Evil works and influence

History of Film

• The Birth of the Moving Picture

• The Silent Era
• The Sound Era
• The Foreign Films, Black-and-White vs.
Color
• The 2000s: Documentary, Animations,
Digital Filmmaking and 3D Modernized

Problems of Philippine Film Today

• Excessive Tax
• Invasion of Foreign films
• Censorship
• Actors Working Attitudes