Engine Management System (EMS)

1. Overview
The fuel injection device of the EMS gasoline engine was developed to address the demerits of
the carburetor-type engine. By using ECU, which controls the injector and the fuel injection
amount, it can more effectively and precisely control the supply of the fuel mixture required by
the engine than the carburetor-type engine can. As ECU detects and calculates the engine
conditions, including the engine rpm, intake air amount, and coolant temperature, from various
sensors to supply the most optimized fuel mixture according to various driving conditions, EMS
is an economical system that addresses emission problems. Most passenger cars at present are
equipped with EMS.

2. Features
2.1 Enhanced Fuel Efficiency
In the EFI (electronic fuel injection) engine, the injector that is installed in each cylinder
supplies the required fuel amount. Therefore, the fuel distribution is improved. As the fuel is
injected at the entrance of the combustion chamber, the loss due to a flowing wall can be
reduced.

As it can realize the optimized AF ratio according to the change in the engine load, fuel is
not excessively supplied. Therefore, the fuel consumption can be minimized, and high
output can be realized. In addition, with the fuel cut function at the other stroke, the fuel
consumption can be optimized and minimized. It can also configure a lean burn system, thus
further optimizing the fuel consumption.
2.2 Reduced Gas Emission
The gas emission of an engine is directly affected by the mixing ratio of air and fuel. That is,
carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon are generally created when the AF ratio is thick. More
nitrogen oxide is created within a thin AF ratio range. When a three-way catalytic converter
 is used, the purification efficiency of the catalyst is optimized at the theoretical AF ratio; as
such, the engine combustion should be performed at the theoretical AF ratio. It is very hard,
however, for a conventional vaporizer-type engine to realize this condition. As EFI can
control the feedback of the oxygen sensor and can apply learning control, it is easy to
control the AF ratio and to reduce the amount of harmful-gas emission.
2.3 Enhanced Responsibility
For the vaporizer-type engine, the response time is lowered because the time for inducing
the fuel mixture into the cylinder is delayed due to the length of the manifold when the load
changes. EFI, however, can quickly detect a change in load and injects the fuel mixture at
the mouth of the combustion chamber. This allows it to quickly respond to the changes in
load.
2.4 Enhanced Cold Ignition
As the computer can predetermine the optimized fuel injection amount value corresponding
to the ambient air temperature and the coolant temperature, the vehicle’s cold ignition ability
can be enhanced. Further, the amount of harmful-gas emission at cold ignition can be
reduced.
2.5 Enhanced Output
When a fuel mixture is formed by the vaporizer-type engine, ventury is required. Therefore,
the path area of the intake system is reduced, which increases the intake resistance of the
engine and degrades the charging efficiency. EFI, however, supplies the fuel, using the
injector, without ventury. As such, the charging efficiency is increased and the output is
enhanced.

3. Fuel Supply Path and Functions of the Components

3.1 Fuel Supply Path
In the fuel supply path of the EFI (electronic fuel injection) system, the fuel sent from the
fuel pump through the intake filter is supplied to the fuel filter via the fuel pipe, and the fuel
that is purified by the fuel filter is distributed to the injectors via the fuel-supplying pipe.

The fuel pressure at the injector is controlled by the pressure regulator according to the
engine load. At this time, the pressure is maintained, with the pressure higher by 3.35 kg/
than the pressure in the intake manifold. The fuel that is over the regulated pressure will be
sent back to the fuel tank through the return pipe. Recently, the fuel pressure was controlled
at the fuel pump so that the excess fuel could be sent to the fuel tank directly, eliminating
the need for a return pipe.
3.2 Functions of the Components

Component Function

To reduce the vibration, noise, and

vapor lock, the fuel pump was
Fuel Pump &
embedded into the fuel tank. It sucks the
Filter
fuel in the tank and sends it to the fuel
supply pipe.
The fuel pressure regulator was installed
at the fuel supply pipe, where it
constantly controls the fuel injection
Fuel Pressure pressure. (When the negative pressure of
Regulator the intake manifold increases or
decreases, it reduces or increases the
pressure in the fuel supply pipe to make
the overall injection pressure even.)
 The injector is an injection nozzle that
has solenoid controlled by the engine
ECU. As the fuel injection pressure and
diameter of the nozzle are constant,
ECU decides the fuel injection time
Injector
based on various signals from the
sensors, and it supplies a current to the
solenoid. The needle valve of the
injector will then be opened so it could
inject fuel.

4. Overall Configuration Diagram