University of Tripoli
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
EE416 Fall 2019/2020 Sheet # 2 Non-credit sheet
(It is high recommended to solve these problems)
(1) A DSB-SC modulated signal is transmitted over a noisy channel, with the power spec-
tral density of the noise being as shown in Figure 1. The message bandwidth is 4 kHz
and the carrier frequency is 200 kHz. Assuming that the average power of the mod-
ulated wave is 10 watts, determine the output signal-to-noise ratio of the receiver.
Figure 1: PSD of the noise (Problem 1)
(2) A DSB signal plus noise is demodulated by synchronous detection. Find (SNR)o in
dB given that SR = 20 nW, W = 5 MHz, and system tempreture is 500 K.
(3) Derive the SNR for AM system demodulated by synchronous detection. Then find the
(SNR)o in dB given that P = 0.4, SR = 20 nW, W = 5 MHz, and system temperature
is 500 K
(4) A DSB signal plus noise is demodulated by a product detector with phase error φ. Take
the local oscillator signal to be 2 cos(ω t + φ). Show that (SNR)o = (SNR)b cos2 (φ).
(5) An analog communication system has W = 10 kHz, N0 = 10−15 W/Hz, and transmis-
sion loss L = 100 dB. Calculate the transmitted power needed to get (SNR)o = 40 dB
when the modulation is
(a)- SSB;
(b)- AM with µ = 1 and µ = 0.5;
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(c)- FM with β = 1, 5, 10. (No de-emphasis)
(6) Let a message signal m(t) be transmitted using SSB modulation. The power spectral
density of m(t) is
(
α |f
W
|
, |f | ≤ w
SM (f ) =
0 o.w.
where α and W are constants. White Gaussian noise of zero mean and power spectral
density N0 /2 is added to the SSB modulated wave at the receiver input. Find an
expression for the output signal-to-noise ratio of the receiver.
(7) Consider a phase modulation (PM) system, with the modulated wave defined by
s(t) = Ac cos 22π f t + kp m(t)
where kp is a constant and m(t) is the message signal. Assuming that the carrier-to-
noise ratio at the detector input is high compared with unity, determine
(a) the output signal-to-noise ratio
(b) the figure of merit of the system.
(c) Compare your results with the PM system for the case of sinusoidal modulation.
(8) Suppose that the transfer functions of the pre-emphasis and de-emphasis filters of an
FM system are scaled as follows:
f 1 1
Hpe = k 1 + j , and Hde =
f0 k 1 + j f /f0
The scaling factor k is to be chosen so that the average power of the emphasized
message signal is the same as that of the original message signal m(t).
(a) Find the value of k that satisfies this requirement for the case when the power
spectral density of the message signal m(t) is
(
S0
2, −W ≤ f ≤ W
SM (f ) = 1+(f /f0 )
0, ow
(b) What is the corresponding value of the improvement factor If produced by using
this pair of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis filters?
(c) Compare this ratio with that obtained in the example given in the lecture notes.
(9) A phase modulation (PM) system uses a pair of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis filters
defined in last question. Show that the improvement in output SNR produced by using
this pair of filters is
W/f0
If = −1
tan (W/f0 )
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where W is the message bandwidth. Evaluate this improvement for the case when
W = 15 kHz and f0 = 2.1 kHz, and compare this result with the corresponding
value for an FM system evaluated in the class notes.
(10) An FM signal plus noise has SR = 1nW, W = 500 kHz, P = 0.1, ∆f = 2 MHz, and
N0 /2 = 4 × 10−21 W/Hz. Find (SNR)o in dB for FM detection and for deemphasized
FM detection with f0 = 5 KHz.
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