FORENSIC SCIENCE 2
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUE
Introduction
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
information includes a person´s important documents, such as birth
certificates, driver´s licenses, and social security cards. It also includes
documents like visas, firearms licenses, passports, government and employment
I.D.
Numerous methods have been used for personal identification in forensic
odontology, which include rugoscopy, cheiloscopy, bite marks, radiographs,
photographic study and molecular methods.
FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION
is the application of forensic science, or "forensics", and technology to identify
specific objects from the trace evidence they leave, often at a crime scene or the
scene of an accident? Forensic means "for the courts"
PURPOSE OF FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION IN SOLVING CRIME?
Forensic data, such as fingerprints and DNA, is generally unique to an individual,
and so can confirm a person's identity and presence at a crime scene.
Importantly, it can also help prove a suspect's innocence.
DACTYLOSCOPY
The forensic analysis and comparison of fingerprints as a means of identification
of individuals.
In 1892, for the first time, law enforcement authorities officially used
dactyloscopic identification to single out the perpetrator of the murder. The
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case concerned the murder of two children of a woman named Rojas, who
herself suffered a neck injury during the incident.
The story of dactyloscopy, the science of fingerprint identification, dates back
several centuries to ancient China, around 300 AD, when fingerprints were used as
evidence in theft trials.
GENEROSO REYES became the first Filipino fingerprint technician employed in the
Philippine Constabulary, while Isabela Bernales was the first Filipina fingerprint
technician.
FINGERPRINT
is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger.
Human fingerprints are detailed, nearly unique, difficult to alter, and durable
over the life of an individual, making them suitable as long-term markers of
human identity.
When a fingerprint is found at a crime scene it is known as a 'finger mark' or
'latent print'.
WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANCE OF FINGERPRINT IN LAW ENFORCEMENT?
Fingerprints provide police with extremely strong physical evidence tying
suspects to evidence or crime scenes.
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
Is the process of determining the individuality, identity and or unique peculiarity of
a person?
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CRIMINAL IDENTIFICATION
Is the process of identifying the certainty of a person responsible in the
commission of a crime which may be accorded by a witness or by the victims
itself in the pursuit of justice?
RULES IN THE PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
1. The greater the number of points of similarities and dissimilarities of two
persons compared, the greater is the probability to be correct. This is
known as the “law of Multiplicity of Evidence” in identification
2. The value of different points of identification varies in the formulation of
conclusion
METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION
1. BY COMPARISON – identification criteria recovered during the
investigation are compared with records available in the file.
2. BY EXCLUSION – if two or more persons have identified and all but one
is yet identified; the one whose identity has not been established may be
known by the process of elimination
BASIS OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION
1. THOSE WHOM USED TO PROVE IDENTITY – this requires no special
training or skills of the identity and no instrument or procedures is
demanded.
2. THOSE WHICH ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE –
identification is made by trained men, well-seasoned by experience and
observation, and primarily based on compression excursion.
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POINTS OF IDENTIFICATION APPLICABLE TO BOTH LIVING AND DEAD PERSON
BEFORE DECOMPOSITION
1. Occupational marks
2. Race
A. Caucasian
B. Malayan
C. Mongolian
D. Negro
TYPES OF SUSPECTS IDENTIFICATION
